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Genres Comedy

directed by Hansal Mehta

release Year 2020

India

Diana swinging in lightning Thor and spiderman has left the chat😂😂. This is gonna be one truly sick experience! I truly cant wait. Chhalaang is a Bollywood comedy-drama, which has been directed by Hansal Mehta. The movie stars Rajkummar Rao and Nushrat Bharucha in lead roles. The movie is set in a small town of Uttar Pradesh, Turram Khan is Produced by Ajay Devgn, Luv Ranjan and Ankur Garg. Read: Complete Chhalaang Story.

 

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Turram khan trailer jhajjar. Turram khan full movie. Just a slap par nahi maar sakta This is a reply to KABIR SINGH, when he salped preety. Turram khan history in hindi. Turram khanh. Turram khan song. Turram khan wiki. Turram khan kon tha. दोस्तो कैसे हो आप लोग, ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP 2019 – ICC CWC 2019 शुरू हो चुका है। यह लेख में में कुछ महत्पूर्ण क्रिकेट से रिलेटेड Facts & Information दूंगा। आप सभी जानना चाहते होंगे यह वर्ल्ड कप कोनसा देश जीतेगा। तो ज्यादा समय न गवाते हुए चलिए शुरू करते है।chaliye jante hain – Konsi Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? Team Analysis: Konsi Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? England:- England ki team sabse majboot team main se ek maani jaa rahi hain, England ke paas All-rounder ki bharmaar hain. Yeh team ka hali main pradarshan bahot jabardast raha hain. Pakistan ko 5-0 se harakar inhone apna varchasv dikhaya hain duniya ko. England ki team main kuch khiladi aise hain jo apne dam pe opposition team ko destroy kar sakte hain. Aap log jante hi honge last time jab India England gaya tha, tab bhi ODI series main England ne 4-1 se India ko haraya tha. Player Jo Game Badal Sakte Hain:- Johny Barstow – Yeh England ke opening ballebaz hain aur yeh kuch virendra sehwag style main khelna pasand karte hain. Yeh agar crease par jam gaye to samne wali team ka harna nischit samjhe Jason Roy – Yeh khiladi jabardast form main chal raha hain, kitna bhi majboot opposition ho yeh kisi bhi world class bowler ki bowling ki dhajjiya uda sakta he apni batting se. Yeh bhi ek technical attacking batsman he jo Opening karta he England ki taraf se. Joe Root – Is khiladi ki shreni ya tulna Virat Kohli, Steven Smith aur Williamson jaise maha technical batsman se hoti he, isko out karna bahot muskil hain, yeh England ka sabse dangerous Batsman England World cup 2019 jit jata hain, to sabse jyada yogdaan Joe Root ka hoga. Warmup matches main isne Afghanistan ke khilaaf 3 wickets nikale the. Jos Butler:- Inko kisi ke parichay ki jarurat nahi hain, yeh world ke sabse khatarnaak batsman hain, inki tulna mai aaj world main koi nahi hai. Yeh Game ko one side kar dete hain. Agar aapne inko jaldi out nahi kiya to aapko bahot pachtana padega. Yeh 5 number pe ballebazi karte hain, England inhe condition ke hisaab se opening main bhi promote kar sakti hain. Liam plunkett Aur Chris Woakes Ki Jodi – yeh do England ke main bowler hain, yeh England ki conditions se kaafi acchi taraf wakif hain, inko pata hain konse batsman ko kaisi bowling karwani hain. Inka bowling attack lethal hain, yeh guccho main wicket lete bhar ke batsman ko inhe dhyan se khelna hoga Winning Meter:- 99/100 – England Ki team world cup jitne ke sabse bade davedar hain, yeh team abhi world main number one par hain. Mujhe lagta hain England Final main jaroor pahochega. Australia:- Yeh team ne Cricket Jagat pe raaj kiya hain, is team ko main worldcup bahot aagey jaate dekh raha hu. Australia ek aisi team hain jiska will power bahot majboot hain, yeh team ko aapko harana padega yeh aakhri ball tak haar nahi manti. Yeh team main bhi all rounders ki bharmar hain. Kuch khiladi to aise he jo match ko apne dam pe one sided kar dete Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? Steven Smith:- Yeh mera most favorite khiladi hain. Yeh khiladi aapko pata bhi nahi lagne deta aur aapki team ki haar sunischit kar deta hain. Isko itna experts bahot zyada high rate nahi karte magar yeh woh khiladi he jo man of the tournament ban sakta hain. Australia agar world cup jitegi to iska aham yogdaan hoga. Sabhi teams ko isko out karne ki strategy bana leni chahiye varna anjaam haar hogi aapki team ki. David Warner:- Yeh Khiladi bahot attacking batsman he, yeh dhire bhi khelna janta hai aur waqt aane pe bade sixes bhi mar deta hain. Iska IPL ka performance to aap log jante hi hain, isne sab bowlers ki rail bana ke rakhi thi. Yeh Australia ki sabse badi asset hain world cup 2019 main. Winning Meter:- 90/100 – Australia team ke chance bhi bahot high he, lekin dekhna hoga kya yeh team Semifinal cross kar paati doosri asi bahot saari teams hain jo isey kadi takkar de sakti hain. Agar Yeh semifinal jit jaati hain, to iska Final Jitna paaka samjhe. Bahot kam team ise Final me hara payi he. ICC CWC 2019 KI A TO Z JANKAARI HINDI MAIN:- CLICK KARE Newzealand:- Ek aisi team jisme sirf ek hi bada naam hain Williamson ke roop main, baaki sab khiladi itne famous nahi team ko Dark Horse kaha jaata hai. Inko favorites koi nahi ginta lekin yeh sare predictions ki ulat fer kar sakte he. Yeh team kisi bhi No 1 team ko aasani se hara sakti Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? Williamson:- Yeh khiladi kisi ki pehchaan ka mohtaaj nahi he. World ke top 5 batsman me iski ginti hoti hain. Isko out karne main bowlers ka dum nikal jaata hain. Yeh bhari se bhari bowler ko bhi bade aaram se khelta he aur run banata hain. Is khiladi se world ki saari teams ko darr lagta hain. Agar opposition isko out nahi kar paya to har nischit he. Trent Bout:- Yeh Nz ka pacer hain jo sidha stumps ko target karta hain, aur iska haliya form dekhe, 4 -5 wickets har match me le rah he, iska din hua to samne wali team 100 ke ander out jaati hain. World ke sabhi top class ballebaaj se lekar tailender isse khauf kahte hain. Winning Meter:- 85/100 – New Zealand ki teams ke chances he ki woh semifinal khel sakti hain, ya final bhi, lekin kabhi kabhi yeh team bahot nirash karti he, dekhna hoga is baar kaha tak jaati hain. INDIA:- Duniya ki sabse jyada pasandida team. Is team ke chahak poori duniya main base huye hain. Is team ka board BCCI sabse rich cricket board hain. Yeh team world cup jitne ki top contender hain. Is team ko harana lagbhag namumkin jaisa hain. Yeh team aasani se harti nahi. Agar main khiladiyon ki list nikalne bethu, to sabhi aa jayenge lekin 2 se 3 khiladi to aise he jinse poora opposition ek mahine pehle se plan banata hain inko match me kaise roka jaye. Yeh ek bahot khatarnaak team hain. Yeh world cup 100% jeet sakti hain. Lekin isko England jo lagbhag iske jaisi team he usko harana hoga agar yeh do team Final main pahuchti hain to. - aapko pata chal hi jayega Konsi Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? Winning Meter:- 97/100 – Indian Team Har ek tournament main hot favorite rehti hai, is baar bhi ICC cricket World cup 2019 main yeh team world up jitne ki prabal davedar hai. Lekin dosto main England ki team ko isse 2 point isliye zyada de rha hu, ek to woh apne gharme khel rhe he, upar se unhe waha ko condition acche se pata he. Indian team Worldcup laa sakti he.. Ek ho to bta bhi sakta hu lekin chalo phir bhi sabko ek hi main cover kar leta hu-Konsi Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019? Virat Kohli – Ms Dhoni – Jaspreet Bumrah – Rohit Sharma – Hardik Pandya- KL Rahul etc:- Yeh khiladi itne dangerous hain, kisi ek ne bhi thaan liya aaj India ko Jeetana he to samne wali team sirf darshak ban ke reh jayegi. Chahe koi turram khan Team aajaye iska baal bhi baka nahi hoga sab khiladi bahot hi dangerous hain jo World cup laake usko desh ko sop sakte he. ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP 2019 KE DORAAN SABSE ADHIK POOCHE JAANE WALE SAWAAL JINKE JAWAAB APKO WORLDCUP KE DORAN YAHA MILENGE ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 KON JITEGA? ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN MAN OF THE TOURNAMENT KON BANEGA? ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN SABSE ZYADA RUN KONSA BATSMAN BANAYEGA? ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN SABSE ZYADA WICKET KONSA BOWLER LEGA? KYA WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN MATCH TIE HOGA? MOREOVER, CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN HATRICK KONSA BOWLER LEGA? CRICKET ICC WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN AAJ KONSI TEAM JITI? ICC CWC 2019 MAIN KITNE RUN OUT HUYE? CWC 2019 MAIN SABSE ZYADA SIX KIS BATSMAN NE MARE? ICC CWC 2019 MAIN SABSE JYADA STUMPING KIS CRICKETER NE KI? KYA INDIA CWC 2019 KE FINAL MAIN POHCHEGA? KYA INDIA ICC CWC FINAL JITEGA? KONSI DO TEAMS ICC CWC 2019 FINAL KHELEGI? AAJ KI DREAM 11 TEAM KYA HOGI? DREAM 11 TEAM FOR TODAY’S MATCH HOW TO WIN DREAM 11 GRAND LEAGUE IN CWC 2019? DO DREAM 11 WILL BRING 1 CRORE PRICE MONEY AGAIN IN ICC CWC 2019? SABSE ZYADA ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP KONSI TEAM JEETI? KONSI 4 TEAMS ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 KA SEMIFINAL MAIN POHCHEGI? ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN BEST FIELDER AWARD KISKO MILEGA BEST CATCH OF ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019? KYA AAPKO ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN MANKADIN DEKHNE KO MILEGA? ICC CWC 2019 MAIN KISKO BEST UMPIRE AWARD MILEGA? ICC CWC KAB SHURU HO RAHA HAIN KONSI TEAM NE SABSE ZYADA ICC CWC WORLCUP JEETE HAIN? KIS BOWLER NE ICC CWC MAIN SABSE ZYADA WICKET LIYE HAIN? KIS BATSMAN NE ICC CWC MAIN SABSE ZYADA RUN BANAYE HAIN? KONSI TEAM LAGATAAR 3 BAAR ICC CRICKET WORLCUP JEETI HAIN? PEHLA CRICKET WORLCUP KAB KHELA GAYA THA? INDIA NE KITNE CRICKET WORLDCUP JEETE HAIN? ICC WORLDCUP 2019 MAIN JITNE WALI TEAM KO KITNA PAISA MIELAGA PURASHKAR KE ROOP MAIN? KONSI TEAM AAJ TAK ICC CRICKET WORLDCUP NAHI JEET PAAYI? 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Nail biting matches ho to jyada maja aap bhi apni favorite teams ke baarein main comment kar sakte dosto yeh tha mera drishtikon – Konsi Team Jitegi ICC Cricket Worldcup 2019?
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What a story line. Even I am married and I can never think of hitting my wife whether she is wrong or not. One my uncle told me when I was bachelor that Beta jis din tunae apni wife par hath uthaya samjh ja tere respect khatam. Repect to all wome. Turram khan 01. Turram khan trailer. Every mother really deserves a second chance, my mama always regret things she left after marriage.

Turram khanacademy. Turram khan. Turram khan. Turram khanna. AMN / In a setback to Indian travellers, the Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China, has withdrawn the visa-free facility for Indians and they will now have to complete a pre-arrival registration from next month. The Pre-arrival Registration for Indian Nationals will be implemented on January 23, 2017. The Hong Kong immigration department said, Indian nationals must apply for and successfully complete pre-arrival registration online before they can visit or transit Hong Kong visa-free, if seeking to enter Hong Kong during transit. Pre-arrival registration will not be required for Indian nationals in direct transit by air and not leaving the airport transit area. This is a major set-back for over half a million Indians who visit the former British colony for business, trade and holidays. Official sources said that till now Hong Kong, which is now a Special Administrative Region of China, has permitted Indians to enter with valid passport for a period up to 14 days without a visa. But the facility has been withdrawn despite representations from India ostensibly on the ground that the number of Indian asylum. seekers was on the rise.


Hansal Mehta's forthcoming directorial, Turram Khan, starring Rajkummar Rao and Nushrat Bharucha in the lead, has now been renamed as  Chhalaang. The film marks the reunion of the director-actor duo of Mehta and Rao, who have previously collaborated critically acclaimed films like  Shahid, Citylights, Aligarh, and Omerta. Rajkummar and Nushrat, on the other hand, earlier featured together in Dibakar Banerjee's 2010 anthology drama  Love Sex Aur Dhokha. Check out the announcement here New title finalized... #TurramKhan is now #Chhalaang... Stars #RajkummarRao and #NushratBharucha... Directed by Hansal Mehta... Produced by Ajay Devgn, Luv Ranjan and Ankur Garg... TSeries presentation... 31 Jan 2020 release. — taran adarsh (@taran_adarsh) December 7, 2019 The film has been slated to release on 31 January, 2020, clashing with Himesh Reshammiya-starrer Happy Hardy and Heer. The movie was recently rescheduled from its initial 3 January, 2020 release date. Apart from Rajkummar and Nushrat, Chhalaang also stars Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub in a key part. Produced by Ajay Devgn, Luv Ranjan and Ankur Garg, Chhalaang is a social comedy based in a small town in Uttar Pradesh. In 2019, Rajkummar appeared in three movies — Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga, Judgementall Hai Kya, and Made in China. Also starring Sonam Kapoor Ahuja,  Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga was considered pathbreaking for being the first mainstream Hindi movie to explore homosexuality.  Judgementall Hai Kya was  directed by Prakash Kovelamudi, and featured Kangana Ranaut opposite Rajkummar. Made in China, released during the Diwali weekend,  saw Rajkummar play a Gujarati businessman who goes to China to increase his business prospects. His upcoming projects include Roohi Afza, a horror-comedy produced by Dinesh Vijan. Current in its filming stages, Roohi Afza also stars Janhvi Kapoor. On the other hand, Nushrat was last seen in Ayushmann Khurrana-starrer Dream Girl. She will also play the female lead in the romantic drama Hurdang, opposite Sunny Kaushal. Find latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison. Updated Date: Dec 07, 2019 15:34:00 IST.
Courtesy: At the end of this month, Reliance Entertainment, Trilogic Digital Media Ltd. and Film Farmers Motion Picture Company are bringing to your nearby theatres Hawaizaada -  an inspiring story of an Indian man who is believed to have flown an unmanned aircraft, eight years before the Wright Brothers. Set in the early 19th Century, this movie has Vibhu Puri making his debut as a director and the lead role of Shivkar Bapuji Talpade is portrayed by versatile actor, Ayushmann Khurrana. Supporting Khurrana in narrating this biopic is Pallavi Sharda as Sitara, the tamasha girl and Mithun Chakraborthy as Pandit Subbaraya Shastry who plays Talpade's mentor. Courtesy: https://goolnk.com/vmvjz5
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  • About The Author: Govind Sharma
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Creator - J.J. Abrams, Chris Terrio. Audience Score - 217586 Vote. Duration - 142M. Ratings - 7,5 / 10. . directed by - J.J. Abrams. Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker one. Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker movie.

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Recent updates: Star Wars have shared an official further look at the returning Palpatine James Earl Jones returns as Darth Vader in newly released clip It seems that redemption for Kylo Ren is out of the question It’s been confirmed that Leia will be training Rey in the Force New TV spot points to the Emperor somehow returning in The Rise of Skywalker JJ Abrams: “The ambition of this movie is far greater than  Force Awakens. ” Daisy Ridley says the film sees Rey “driving her own thing” and “not doing what other people are telling her to do. ” Anthony Daniels discusses the film’s climax: “A good ending feels right. ” JJ Abrams teases an appearance from Ahsoka Tano Another look at the resurrected Palpatine has been shared Many Star Wars fans were shocked at the return of Emperor Palpatine in the new film – he was presumed dead in 1983’s Return Of The Jedi – and the franchise have now shared another image of the character. “It was kind of a delicate balance and went back and forth a lot about how much we wanted to reveal, ” one of the film’s editors, Maryann Brandon, told   The Huffington Post. “Some scenes changed quite a bit, the way that we wanted to present it to the audience. In the end, we ended up showing a lot less of it than we started with. ” Get a further look at Palpatine below. Emperor Palpatine in ‘Star Wars: The Rise Of Skywalker’. Credit: Lucasfilm Have we seen any footage from the film? Yes! The a new clip has just been released, which sees Kylo Ren journey to meet with the Emperor (Ian McDiarmid) – but ends with him hearing from an all too familiar voice. “At last, my boy… I have been every voice you have ever heard… inside your head, ” it says, as McDiarmid hands the baton to Andy Serkis as the CGI villain Supreme Leader Snoke, and, finally, to James Earl Jones – reprising his iconic role as Darth Vader from the original trilogy, and a cameo in  Revenge of the Sith. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker | Clip Nothing will prepare you for the end. Watch an exclusive clip from Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. See it in theaters December 20! Get tickets: Posted by Star Wars Movies on Thursday, December 12, 2019 Before that, the first clip arrived on social media a few weeks ago, and it’s action packed. It sees Rey, Finn, Poe and the rest of the gang riding on a desert craft while being pursued by a gang of relentless stormtroopers. Rather them than us. Check out this clip from #StarWars: #TheRiseOfSkywalker. See it in theaters December 20. Get your tickets: — Star Wars (@starwars) November 25, 2019 A new TV spot called ‘Duel’ was also shared in November 2019, which features the voice of the Emperor (Ian McDiarmid). What that means, and whether he will somehow make a return in The Rise of Skywalker remains to be seen…. Have there been any reactions to The Rise Of Skywalker? As the film nears its release date, a handful of actors have been sharing their thoughts after getting an early glimpse at the film. Richard E. Grant said he “stood and cheered”, “cried” and “fist pumped the air” while watching episode 9 in a video message posted to Twitter. “Just seen the 1st cast screening of [The Rise Of Skywalker], ” he wrote. “What it achieves, weaves & resolves, is a total emotional meltdown & resurrection of the Spirit. ” Is there a trailer? Yes, there is. A final trailer for Star Wars Episode 9 was released on October 22. It teases the appearance of Palpatine, an epic face-off between Rey and Kylo Ren, as well as a scene with the late Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa. Watch it below: Can I already buy my ticket? Yes, you can. Tickets for Star Wars Episode 9 officially went on sale after the premiere of the October 22 trailer. Tickets for the US are officially on sale here. Star Wars Episode 9: what’s the release date? December 20, 2019. The film was originally set to be released on May 24, but production issues in August and September 2017 – including director and screenwriter changes – has pushed the film’s schedule back by six months. Meanwhile, Luke Skywalker himself Mark Hamill has been counting down to the movie: Who's counting? #9WillBeFineAllInGoodTime — Mark HoHoHoHamill (@HamillHimself) July 5, 2018 It’s claimed that the upcoming film could see Luke Skywalker’s return as a force ghost after he seemingly perished at the end of the last film. What is the title of Episode 9? The next instalment is called  The Rise of Skywalker, as confirmed with the release of a teaser trailer in April 2019. Who’s directing Episode 9? J. J. Abrams Colin Trevorrow – the man behind the $1bn-making blockbuster Jurassic World – was set to direct but crashed out of the project in September to be replaced by  The Force Awakens director J. Abrams. Speaking to Empire in September 2019, Abrams spoke of taking over from Rian Johnson, who helmed The Last Jedi. “I never found myself trying to repair anything, ” he said of possibly undoing some of Johnson’s bold decisions from the last instalment. “If I had done VIII, I would have done things differently, just as Rian would have done things differently if he had done VII. “But having worked on television series, I was accustomed to creating stories and characters that then were run by other people. ” He added: “If you’re willing to walk away from the thing that you created and you believe it’s in trustworthy hands, you have to accept that some of the decisions being made are not gonna be the same that you would make. And if you come back into it, you have to honour what’s been done. ” Talking more about the process of creating episode 9 in a new feature with EW, Abrams says: “We had more reshoots on Episode VII than this one. We had more story adjustments on VII than this one. We didn’t know if these characters would work, if the actors would be able to carry a Star Wars movie. There were a lot of things we didn’t know. “On this, we knew who and what worked, and everyone is doing the best work I’ve ever seen anyone do. But the ambition of this movie is far greater than Force Awakens. What we set out to do was far more challenging. Everything is exponentially larger on this. ” Who wrote the script? In August 2017, Jack Thorne – most famous for working with J. K. Rowling on the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child – began rewriting the untitled Star Wars Episode IX,  according to The Hollywood Reporter. In September 2017 it was reported that the film was now being rewritten by the Oscar-winning screenwriter of  Argo, Chris Terrio, and J. Abrams – meaning Thorne has presumably been replaced. When did filming start? In an interview on  The Late Show With Stephen Colbert,  J. Abrams confirmed that shooting started towards the end of July 2018 – and that the script had been finished. “We have a script, which is a big deal for me, ” he said. “It starts shooting end of July. Sometimes having the script in advance is something I haven’t always been lucky enough to have. ” Filming was confirmed to have wrapped in February 2018. Have any posters been released? Yes. Here’s the official theatrical poster. A new poster was unveiled during a panel at this D23 Expo 2019. A stunning array of character posters were unveiled to celebrate the final month leading up to the release of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. Rey Finn Kylo Ren Poe Dameron BB-8 Zorii Bliss Jannah Lando Calrissian Chewbacca Rose Tico C-3PO R2-D2 D-O An exclusive IMAX poster was released on November 30 2019. Incorporating franchise legends Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia with Rey and Kylo Ren, the poster sees twin moons float in the backdrop. Have we seen any photos? Yes. Photos have leaked from the set showing Chewbacca (Joonas Suotamo), Finn (John Boyega), Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) and more. The characters are pictured in a field, accompanied by some very shaggy horses. Fans have speculated a figure in the photos could be newcomer Naomi Ackie but the quality of the images make it too hard to tell. Quelques autres photos. On y voit également Chewbacca! — Star Wars Actu France (@StarWarsActuFR) August 23, 2018 J. Abrams also celebrated the end of filming by sharing a set photo featuring Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, and Oscar Isaac. In the picture, the three are involved in what looks like an emotional hug on a sandy planet. “It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on  Episode IX, ” Abrams captioned the post. “There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. I’m forever indebted to you all. ” It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on Episode IX. There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. I’m forever indebted to you all. — JJ Abrams (@jjabrams) February 15, 2019 John Boyega also shared the photo along with an emotional post about his experience filming the trilogy. On Instagram, the actor wrote: “That’s a wrap on Star Wars episode 9 and the end to a chapter of my life that I couldn’t be more thankful for. What a process! It really has been a joy to be in these movies surrounded by amazing people. I personally want to thank @jjabramsofficial for giving me a chance to make my dreams come true. ” He also shared a photo from the Wrap Party as filming came to an end: On May 22, Vanity Fair shared epic promotional images from the movie as part of its ‘ultimate’ preview. Boyega shared some of the images on his Twitter, including one of his character, Finn, riding Orbaks into battle with new character, Jannah (Naomi Ackie). We fight. Thank you Annie Leibovitz for capturing this powerful image and thank you to @vanityfair for all your support throughout this franchise. I can’t wait for the audience to see us strike back this December! #Starwars — John Boyega (@JohnBoyega) May 22, 2019 A lot of cool design and visuals happening here for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. — Rob Keyes (@rob_keyes) May 22, 2019 A new poster shared at Disney’s D23 expo in California shows footage from the film, namely Rey and Kylo Ren deep in battle. See that below. On October 3, a first look was given at a new character called Babu Frik. Described as a “tiny Anzellan droidsmith”, the creature “works among the Spice Runners of Kijimi and can reprogram or modify virtually any droid — regardless of the security measures protecting its systems. ” See the first image of the new character below. On October 3, a new poster has revealed some more clues about Keri Russell’s mysterious new character, Zori Bliss. The poster clearly shows the character on the “good side” suggesting she will be involved with the resistance in some way. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Available 10/4 at #TheRiseOfSkywalker #TROS #StarWars #FirstLook #ForceFriday — Trends International (@intltrends) September 27, 2019 On October 5, Dominic Monaghan shared a photo of himself in character. While the name of his character is still not yet known, Monaghan posted the pic to his Instagram, captioning it: “Oh it’s on now. @starwars #becurious. ” Who’s in Episode 9? Disney confirmed much of the cast list last July. Returning cast members include: Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyong’o, Domhnall Gleeson, Kelly Marie Tran, Joonas Suotamo, and Billie Lourd. Veteran Star Wars actors Mark Hamill, Anthony Daniels, and Billy Dee Williams – who will reprise his role as Lando Calrissian – also star in the film. Newcomers to the cast include Naomi Ackie and Richard E. Grant. Keri Russell is also on board for The Rise Of Skywalker, and we’ve been given a sneak peek of her character Zorri Bliss, who is set to become the most wanted toy in the universe. See the elusive first pic of the character below. Fans also think they’ve unearthed footage of a new character in a new edition of the Topps Trading Cards. The photo, reportedly of a character set for The Rise Of Skywalker, comes along with the caption “A New Face. ” The existence of the character isn’t confirmed. from the new topps trading cards, apparently this is from the rise of skywalker 👀 — 𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐞 ❀ (semi hiatus) (@reysrepublic) October 15, 2019 Lord Of The Rings and  Lost  star Dominic Monaghan has also been confirmed to appear in the movie. “The galaxy far, far away has had almost as much influence as the one I live in, so I am delighted to be involved, ” he told  Deadline. It’s been confirmed that Doctor Who ‘s Matt Smith will also appear in the forthcoming film. However, details of his character are being kept firmly under wraps and it’s not known whether he’ll be on the side of the evil empire or the rebels. Carrie Fisher as Leia in ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ The late Carrie Fisher will posthumously play General Leia Organa in the movie. She will be featured in the new film using previously unreleased footage which was shot for 2015’s  Star Wars: The Force Awakens. “We desperately loved Carrie Fisher, ” Abrams said in July last year. “Finding a truly satisfying conclusion to the Skywalker saga without her eluded us. We were never going to recast, or use a CG character. With the support and blessing from her daughter, Billie, we have found a way to honour Carrie’s legacy and role as Leia in Episode IX by using unseen footage we shot together in Episode VII. ” In May 2019, Abrams spoke further about the decision to include Fisher. “It’s hard to even talk about it without sounding like I’m being some kind of cosmic spiritual goofball, ” the director told Vanity Fair. “But it felt like we suddenly had found the impossible answer to the impossible question. It has a bizarre kind of left side/right side of the brain sort of Venn diagram thing, of figuring out how to create the puzzle based on the pieces we had. ” Hamill paid tribute to his late co-star on July 29, 2018 following the news, writing on Twitter that it was “bittersweet to be facing my final chapter without her – she is irreplaceable”. See his tribute below. It's bittersweet facing my final chapter without her-She is simply irreplaceable. I'm finding solace in the fact that she won't BE replaced & would love the worldwide outpouring of affection from those who loved her when they heard the news. #CarrieOnForever — Mark HoHoHoHamill (@HamillHimself) July 29, 2018 Hamill also told the Radio Times in March 2019 that he believes Fisher would “get a real kick out” of starring in Episode 9. “Something tells me she’d get a real kick out of the fact she had a hit movie years after she left us, ” he said. “That was just her. ” Additionally, Hamill revealed that he still finds it difficult to watch his final scene with her in The Last Jedi, where Luke says farewell to sister Leia before facing Kylo Ren. He said: “When I watch that scene when I say goodbye to her, it takes me out of the movie completely. ” “I’d like to think nothing would be better than having her here because she was always fun… She could always make me laugh. I was proud that I could make her laugh. That’s really what it’s all about! ” Although Fisher’s return will come in the form of unused footage, Ant-Man & The Wasp’s Evangeline Lilly has admitted that she wanted to play the role of Leia. She told fans at a recent convention: “When JJ (Abrams) announced that he was gonna do his first Star Wars film, I reached out to his producing partner for the first time ever since Lost ended. “I never requested anything ever before, and I said, ‘I wanna be Leia! Make me Leia! '” The latest casting rumour claims that  Episode IX will bring back Luke’s Rogue Squadron co-founder, Wedge Antilles. Denis Lawson, who played the character in  A New Hope  (1977),  The Empire Strikes Back  (1980) and  Return of the Jedi  (1983), is expected to reprise the role 36 years on. A rep for Lawson told Star Wars fan podcast  Rebel Force Radio  that the character will have a presence in the new movie. Additionally, in November 2019 a TV spot called ‘Duel’ (later shared on YouTube) has the Emperor’s (Ian McDiarmid) voiceover. Does this mean his character is somehow making a comeback in The Rise of Skywalker? Could Luke come back as a Force-Ghost? Mark Hamill (Luke) certainly seems to think so. In a tweet posted on March 14, 2018 he included an action figure of his role as Luke in  The Last Jedi captioned “Senior Citizen Jedi Pension-Plan Future Force-Ghost Luke” – implying he thinks Luke will be returning as a Force ghost in Episode 9. And it’s not the first time he’s teased his fans about returning for the final movie of the new trilogy. Luke How Far I've Come: A) Generic Lemon-Haired Ken Doll Luke B) Black-Haired Semi-Conscious Adult-Diaper Luke C) Pumped-Up Roid-Rage With Balcony You Could Do Shakespeare From Luke D) Senior Citizen Jedi Pension-Plan Future Force-Ghost Luke #CollectEmAll — Mark HoHoHoHamill (@HamillHimself) March 14, 2018 In 2016, Hamill teased his character’s death in  The Last Jedi – but he also stated he’d be back for Episode 9 – another hint that he’ll be returning as Luke’s Force ghost. Haven't seen my chin since May '15, so #FarewellFacialFur & #ByeByeBeard (at least til #EpisodeIX) @popculturequest — Mark HoHoHoHamill (@HamillHimself) August 30, 2016 Since the release of The Last Jedi, director Rian Johnson has since commented on the speculation: “I don’t know where the next movie is going to go. (Abrams) and Chris Terrio are writing it right now. But it seemed like the potential of Luke crossing into a new realm, that offers exciting possibilities for the role he plays in the coming chapter. No one’s ever really gone. Again, I’m not writing the script, so I don’t know. But as a fan, I would hope [he returns]. ” Will we learn anything more about Rey’s parents? Quite possibly. Rian Johnson, the director of  The Last Jedi,  has said the question of Rey’s parentage remains open after Kylo Ren told her in  TLJ  that they were “nobodies”. Asked to explain Kylo Ren’s revelation to Rey in  The Last Jedi, Johnson told HuffPost: “The easy thing would be, ‘Yes, your parents are so and so and here’s your place in the world. There you go. ’ The hardest thing she could hear would be: ‘No, you’re not going to get the answer. This is not going to define you. You’re going to have to find your own place in this world. Kylo is going to use that even as leverage to try and make you feel insecure, and you’re going to have to stand on your own two feet. '” However, Johnson said that the question of her parentage could be explored further in episode 9: “Anything’s still open, ” he said, “and I’m not writing the next film. [J. Abrams and Chris Terrio] are doing it. ” He also suggested that Kylo Ren’s revelation to Rey might not have been entirely true: “With all of these movies, Obi-Wan’s whole speech about a certain point of view always applies, so I think that you have to always think about the context of how information is given. But for me, dramatically, that’s why that reveal at that moment made sense. ” What do we know about the plot? Nothing concrete – but we do know that Daisy Ridley cried when she found out about Rey’s fate in a former draft of the script. In  Collider ‘s Jedi Council podcast, SNL  actor Bobby Moynihan – a friend of the film’s original director Colin Trevorrow – recounts the time when he saw Trevorrow telling Ridley what happened to her. “I introduced him to Daisy Ridley at the  SNL  after-party, ” he explains. “I saw a moment where she said, ‘What happens to me? ’ And he said, ‘Do you want to do this now? ’ And she said, ‘Yeah, ’ and they went off into a corner of the bar and he whispered it into her ear and she started crying. ” Discussing more about Rey’s role in the film in an EW cover story, Ridley says: “Rey is driving her own thing. She’s not doing what other people are telling her to do. ” Going on to discuss her Jedi training, Ridley continued: “I have skills that have developed, but ‘confident’ isn’t a word I’d use to describe it. She’s definitely more in control of everything and can do new fun stuff, but she’s vulnerable and a little insecure about at all. ” Star Wars creators have now confirmed that Leia will be training Rey in the Force during the film. A press junket for The Rise Of Skywalker revealed: “General Leia Organa continues to lead the heroic Resistance, building back a fighting force after having suffered costly setbacks. Leia is also training Rey in the ways of the Force, for the galaxy still has need of a Jedi. ” Daisy Ridley as Rey in ‘Star Wars’ Despite Rey training in the force, it seems that Kylo Ren remains as entrenched in the dark side as ever – and he’s certainly not going to change. Speaking to Entertainment Weekly, Adam Driver, was asked whether a change of heart could be possible. “What does he have to be redeemed for? ” he said. “[Kylo Ren] has a different identity, a different definition of what redemption is. He’s already been redeemed in his story. “I don’t think there is a thought of redemption. He doesn’t have an outside lens of the events, you know — you know what I mean? That’s more of an outsider’s view of his world. ” We can also expect The Rise of Skywalker to bring plenty of surprises. Speaking about the plot in an Awesome Con conference call, John Boyega (Finn) said the movie will be “all out war”. He said: “Regardless of where the story goes – and I haven’t read it, by the way – is going to be all-out war, so I know that I’m going to have to do all I can and train for that. ” Another huge hint comes from John Boyega, who revealed that “the film takes place roughly one year after the events of The Last Jedi”. Now, fans are taking this as proof that a time-jump could occur – after Boyega previously teased a change in his character. “I can’t wait to start shooting the next and final leg of the franchise. The first step is growing out my hair, so you can wait for the trailer to see why, ” said Boyega. This months Empire magazine… did i miss something? “John Boyega confirmed the film takes place roughly one year after the events of The Last Jedi”???? — Riri (@Riri19911) December 21, 2018 In October 2018, fans noticed that a description of the movie’s concept artwork could point towards a Death Star-style superweapon. The powerful device could play a part in bringing the final film to an explosive and dramatic finale. The leak reads: “Specifically, a description of Kylo Ren inside his throne room, assumed to be the headquarters of the First Order, viewing a hologram [from] a device held in his hand. “Kylo appears to be examining three large superweapons that are in a cylindrical shape with an enormous engine on each side of each superweapon of this ship/weapon, destroying terrain on a planet. The engine burner is coloured red and the blast from the bottom of these three massive weapons is coloured blue, impacting a surface causing astronomical destruction. Parts of the weapon seem to be under construction and not finished. ” Fans picked up on the fact that this could be referring to the World Devastators featured in the Star Wars  extended universe. In March 2019, Oscar Isaac (Poe Dameron) revealed that Episode 9 will be the end of the Skywalker saga. Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) Speaking to Today, the actor said: “It is the end of the entire Skywalker saga. “Nine stories. This is the culmination of the entire thing. What J. has done, and the entire Lucasfilm team, is incredibly fulfilling. ” He continued: “It’s also special for us because you get to learn a lot more things about these characters. ” Meanwhile, Ridley has rubbished rumours that Rey and Kylo are set for romance in the next instalment of the saga. Speaking to Steele Wars, she said: “I do know about Reylo…I don’t know how I feel about it, because everyone’s talking about the toxic thing of a relationship when it’s essentially emotional. “It’s a tricky road. I do feel like, deep down, Kylo thinks what he’s doing is right and he doesn’t think he’s wrong, but he has also killed so many people. So I can’t really get behind it, no, in a personal way. ” In May 2019, Adam Driver spoke to Vanity Fair about a “maybe-bond” between his character, Kylo Ren, and Rey (Daisy Ridley). He discusses the potential ‘ReyLo’ situation: whether Kylo Ren will end up being in a relationship with Rey, possibly as part of a redemption angle. “And then he had been forging this maybe-bond with Rey, ” Driver said in the interview, “and it kind of ends with the question in the air: is he going to pursue that relationship, or when the door of her ship goes up, does that also close that camaraderie that they were maybe forming? ” Driver doesn’t give too much away but he doesn’t shut the idea down either…. In September 2019  The Rise of Skywalker co-writer Chris Terrio told Empire that the film builds on Ren and Rey’s “complicated” relationship. “We’ve tried to pick up that complicated relationship that really has been present ever since the interrogation in Episode VII. When Ren takes off his mask, there’s a nakedness about him with Rey that he doesn’t express to anyone else. Rian developed that in fascinating ways and we’ve been able to develop it even further, ” he said. Elsewhere in the Vanity Fair piece, Driver addresses Ren’s emotionally fragile state, citing his parents Han and Leia’s rebellion efforts as part of the reason for his vulnerability. Ren, he argues, essentially grew up under the pressure of living up to unrealistic expectations. “How do you form friendships out of that? How do you understand the weight of that? ” he said. “And if there’s no one around you guiding you, or articulating things the right way … it can easily go awry. By the emotional logic that governs the Star Wars universe—and also our own—Kylo Ren is going to have to confront the past, and his fears, whatever they are, or be destroyed by them. ” Daisy Ridley has said that the film will feature “one of the most epic fights” in Star Wars history. “The interesting thing about this film is that we concentrate more on the fact that [the lightsabers] are light, ” she told  Wired. “Because the [old] lightsabers were so heavy, as Eunice [Huthart] said, who is our new stunt coordinator, that it was more like broadsword fighting, which isn’t technically what it’s supposed to be because lightsabers are supposed to be light, by nature. “So they actually made the lightsabers lighter for us. We, in this film, have, perhaps one of the most epic fights in  Star Wars. ” Rey (Daisy Ridley) and Luke (Mark Hamill) in ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Co-writer Chris Terrio has said  The Rise of Skywalker will answer two major questions about Rey and the Force. Terrio explained to Empire: “We kept coming back to ‘Who is Rey? ’, and how can we give the most satisfying answer to that not only factually – because obviously people are interested in whether there’s more to be learned of Rey’s story – but more importantly who is she as a character? “How will she find the courage and will and inner strength and power to carry on what she’s inherited? ” He added: “[‘How strong is the Force? ’] sounds a little simple, but actually when you get down to it, that is a sort of Zen Koan that we would really meditate on – not literally in yoga poses or anything, but like we would discuss, ‘What is the Force and how strong is the Force? '” On October 18, J. Abrams told Entertainment Weekly that The Rise of Skywalker will “answer as many questions as possible. ” “Endings are the thing that scare me the most, ” Abram’s admitted, before explaining what fans could expect from the final movie in the latest Star Wars trilogy. “This is about bringing this thing to a close in a way that is emotional and meaningful and also satisfying in terms of actually answering [as many] questions as possible. “So if years from now, someone’s watching these movies, all nine of them, they’re watching a story that is as cohesive as possible. ” He added: “While there were many things that were planned for and discussed — George Lucas himself said when he created this he saw it as three, three-act plays — that doesn’t mean there isn’t discovery, that doesn’t mean there aren’t things that come up that make you realise, ‘Oh, here’s an opportunity. ’ “It also doesn’t mean that there’s a list of payoffs that we have to do because of setups. But we also were very much aware this is the end of the trilogy and it needs to satisfy. We went into this thing knowing it has to be an ending. We’re not screwing around. ” Daisy Ridley has also opened up about ‘Dark Rey’, who was shown in the trailer, admitting it was “fun” to play the best and worst versions of her character. “It’s fun to play someone’s best version, and then the worst, ” the stars told Adoro Cinema and other press (via). “It’s an amazing thing to do as an actress, but we can’t do it often… I felt very good. That’s the most I can say, unfortunately. ” She added of filming one particularly emotional scene: “There was a scene that touched me a lot. It was our last day shooting in Jordan and the natural light was fading. “And it was so exciting. It was just a short scene, we filmed very fast, but the crew was shaken in a way I had not seen before. And I thought, ‘My God, if this is people’s immediate reaction when the scene isn’t even ready, imagine what it will be like to see it in the movies, with the John Williams soundtrack and all that. ’” Director JJ Abrams has also teased the possibility that we could have a reference or even some sort of appearance from fan favourite character Ahsoka Tano. Tano was Anakin Skywalker’s Padawan and appeared in TV shows The Clone Wars and Rebels, though has never appeared on the big screen. When an interviewer revealed their favourite Star Wars character was Tano, Abrams told Japanese outlet Sora News: “Hmmm, Ahsoka, huh? Well then you’ll probably want to watch closely during The Rise of Skywalker. ” What happened to the Death Star? As we know, The Rebel Alliance destroyed the Death Star in  Return of the Jedi, but the wreckage is set to feature in The Rise Of Skywalker, and the  Disney Parks  blog has revealed where it will be found. After a watery landscape was shown in the trailer for  The   Rise of Skywalker, Disney has revealed that the Death Star wreckage now reside on an ocean moon named Kef Bir. Will fans like the ending? Maybe. Daisy Ridley has promised it won’t be as controversial as  Game Of Thrones’  big finale. Of course, details about the trilogy’s ending are being kept firmly under wraps right now so she could turn out to be very wrong, but hopefully there won’t be any petition for a re-write this time. Anthony Daniels, the famous voice of C-3PO, has discussed the ending as part of a feature with EW, simply saying: “It’s a very good ending, and a good ending feels right. ” Will we see Han Solo’s dice again? Yes, probably. In the below official  Star Wars video from explaining the secrets of  The Last Jedi, it’s revealed that Rian Johnson originally included Han’s gold dice as a reference to  The Force Awakens. In a TFA  scene that was deleted after Johnson wrote The Last Jedi, Han hangs up the gold dice on the Millennium Falcon when he gets it back. In  TLJ, the astral-projected version of Luke gives the gold dice to Leia – and, because that  TFA scene was deleted, this now looks like a reference to the dice’s mise-en-scene presence in the original trilogy. Star Wars  story group member Matt Martin teases that the dice will be back in  The Rise of Skywalker  by saying “wink wink” – catch the moment in the video below, which also explains how the dice are intended to help us mourn Han Solo. Will John Williams score Episode 9? Yes, but this is likely to be his last score for the Star Wars sequel. For a long time it wasn’t clear whether, at the age of 85, Williams would continue in his role of scoring all of the Star Wars saga (to date he has scored Episodes I-VIII, but not the Anthology films).  News of his involvement was confirmed in an interview with  Variety  in January 2018. “I would very much like to complete that, ” he said. “I don’t think you can retire from writing. I feel very lucky, and the work that I do doesn’t depend on much. If your vision’s still good, and your hands – I have no arthritis in my hands and I play the piano very easily – I don’t think there’s any reason to deprive oneself of the fun of working. Music is so rewarding. ” Williams indicated in interview with US radio station KUSC earlier this month that this would be his final  Star Wars  film. “We know JJ Abrams is preparing one [Star Wars movie] now that I will hopefully do next year for him, ” he said. “I look forward it. It will round out a series of nine, that will be quite enough for me. ” Who else is on the crew? In February 2018, the art director of Blade Runner 2049, Paul Inglis,  reportedly joined the crew of  Star Wars: Episode 9, suggesting the next  Star Wars film’s look will be as strong as the Oscar-nominated design of the huge sci-fi film. His past experience also includes  Skyfall,  Game of Thrones, and Prometheus. In his role as art director he helps bring the production designer’s vision to life, builds sets and helps curate the look of the film. When did shooting begin? In December 2016, Deadline reported that filming won’t begin for ‘about a year’ – which would be late 2017. According to a leaked casting call notice, shooting was set to begin in July 2017. In September 2017, following the departure of Colin Trevorrow – which changed the film’s production timeline – it was  confirmed that the film would begin shooting in June 2018. And in February 2018, JJ Abrams verified the summer 2018 filming date in a message to Japan’s D23 Expo. How will Episode 9 be filmed? It’s going to be filmed on 65mm format – a first for the series. The Force Awakens was shot on 35mm, and so was The Last Jedi. 65mm film will mean Abrams will be able to work with large frames at higher quality – making the experience similar to IMAX. What are the latest rumours? The Millennium Falcon won’t make it through the film On the latest episode of his podcast, Kevin Smith theorised that Han Solo’s beloved ship won’t make it through The Rise of Skywalker. “They killed Han Solo in  The Force Awakens. ” he said. “They killed Luke Skywalker in  The Last Jedi. Sadly, Carrie has passed, so they have to deal with the Princess Leia of it all. But what do you think is the next big loss? I think it’s the Falcon. That would really rip all of our hearts out… “They’ll never kill Chewie, ” he continued, “because you could be Chewie for 400 years. It’s a guy in a suit. They can’t kill any of the droids, that could be anybody and stuff. But they’ve got to kill something that makes us go ‘No! I f*cking love that from my childhood! ’” There are rumours circulating amongst fans that (an as yet unconfirmed) leak of a storyboard from the upcoming movie may reveal Rey’s death at the end of The Rise of Skywalker. As reported in  We Got This Covered, there are “unverifiable reports” (reported in  The Express  and via Mike Zeroh initially) that a series of storyboards have been leaked, reportedly showing the climax of J. Abrams trilogy-ender. The storyboards allegedly show Kylo Ren cradling Rey, in a scene echoing Luke’s final scene with Vader in  Return of the Jedi. Red is reportedly crying as he cradles Rey and puts his hand on her forehead while destruction rages all around. You can watch a video in which Mike Zeroh explains the theory more here:.

Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker death.

Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker dies

It’s time for the Skywalker Saga to end. Image: All Gifs: Lucasfilm It’s here: we finally have our first look at Star Wars: Episode IX, or rather, The Rise of Skywalker. It’s a teaser that is, unsurprisingly, full of mystery, one with more questions than it has answers. But that didn’t stop us combing over the footage for what few clues we could find. The trailer opens with Rey (Daisy Ridley) on an unnamed desert world—there’s all the possibility in the world that this is potentially Tatooine or Jakku, given Star Wars ’ penchant for returning to familiar biomes, or perhaps even Jedha from Rogue One, given the rock formations. But it could very easily be another sand world to be added to the Star Wars canon. The outfit she’s wearing is new, although was recently seen in a leaked marketing poster for The Rise of Skywalker. It’s an interesting evolutionary blend between the scavenger regalia she wore in The Force Awakens and the Resistance greys she wore in The Last Jedi, but now in all white and with a hood. But the most interesting thing is perhaps not her gear, but the familiar weapon dangling on her waist: the Lightsaber of Anakin and Luke Skywalker. Destroyed in The Last Jedi thanks to a force tug-of-war between Rey and Kylo Ren (Adam Driver), it has now been fully repaired, hinting at not just the still-unknown period of time which has passed between the climax of Rian Johnson’s movie and the beginning of J. J. Abrams’ return to the director’s chair. It’s probably pretty decent if Rey has not only had time to reforge the weapon but, as some very intriguing voiceover dialogue hints, do some important reading as well. As Rey draws her weapon, we cut to a ship roaring in from the distance (we’ll get to that soon enough), but over this footage, we hear from none other than Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) himself, presumably speaking to Rey as a Force spirit, just as Obi-Wan and Yoda had done so to him in his early days as a Jedi. “We’ve passed on all we know, ” Luke intones. “A thousand generations live in you this is your fight. ” Luke’s plurality is interesting—does he simply refer to himself and Yoda, or to the wider legacy of the Jedi that came before them? Prior Force Ghosts presented in the films retained their own sense of identity, so it’s interesting to see Luke speak collectively as if speaking for the Force itself, if not for himself. If it even is Luke as a Force Ghost, and not some manifestation of the Force, or perhaps even the Ancient Jedi texts Rey managed to secret away from Ahch-To, using his voice to guide her. The ship in the distance speeds by to reveal that it’s none other than Kylo Ren’s TIE Silencer. First introduced in The Last Jedi, the vessel seems much the same..... it gets closer and closer to mowing down Rey! The closer look reveals the Silencer actually has a slightly different lick of paint, with more red markings on the ship’s cockpit as well as what looks like white panels on the wings compared to the black of the original. Whether or not this is an entirely new fighter or an updated paint job remains to be seen, but interestingly enough, this actually brings the Silencer in line with the difference between the standard TIE/fo and the TIE/sf (those stand for “First Order” and “Special Forces, ” respectively, fact fans). But let’s be real, it means you get a new toy out of all this. Wouldn’t be the first time the Silencer had a design tweak because of that! A new look isn’t enough to bother Rey, who just decides instead to take a leap right into the Silencer’s path. And before you perhaps bristle at the thought of a Prequel-esque feat of acrobatics making its way in here, force users have been taking rather large leaps of faith since 1980. Also? It’s cool as hell. An unidentified ship races toward a city at night, as we get a look at what appears to be another new world, although it certainly has similarities to some we’ve seen before (like I said, it’s not like Star Wars hasn’t set a precedent for going back to places we’ve seen already alongside new locations! ). The mountainous regions and snowy climes are very evocative of Solo ’s Vandor, for example. Our first good look at Kylo Ren sees him seemingly spearing a poor masked warrior with one of the crossguards on his lightsaber. Yeowch. Given that the First Order ends The Last Jedi in an interesting position of quasi-ascendance—sure, the New Republic Senate is devastated and their massive fleets have emerged from the Unknown Regions, but there was that whole thing where their flagship got hyperspaced into shreds—it’ll be interesting to see how much Rise of Skywalker ’s time jump has changed the First Order into an invading force or a ruling Empire. Speaking of Kylo Ren, here’s a very interesting shot: the mask he shattered after Supreme Leader Snoke mocked it in The Last Jedi is being repaired. The previously mentioned leaked poster (and since-officially-unveiled Rise of Skywalker merchandise packaging) shows Kylo Ren wearing the reforged mask, but note here: He’s not the one rebuilding it. Those are some very furry, very alien hands. So who could it be? That same poster seemingly showed off what appears to be the Knights of Ren from The Force Awakens, who were very much absent from this trailer and have been long rumored to be a part of Rise of Skywalker due to their Last Jedi absence. Could this be one of the Knights, working at Kylo Ren’s behest? Back on the same desert world we saw Rey and Kylo Ren on, however, we get our first good look at Finn (John Boyega) and Poe (Oscar Isaac). At the panel preceding the release of the trailer, Boyega mentioned that Finn has come into his own sense of identity as a Resistance member in The Rise of Skywalker, and part of that is down to a new outfit he’ll have in the film. Also, note that he’s carrying Rey’s staff for her while she’s off being chased by the Silencer, which is very sweet of him—and a reminder that our disparate heroes will be united in this film after spending much of The Last Jedi apart. BB-8's got cute competition! Say hello to D-O, a new practical droid that made its debut at the Episode IX panel as well. This cute, duck-like little droid will seemingly be tagging along for the ride as BB-8's new buddy. Speaking of buddies, Chewbacca (Joonas Suotamo, who has now taken over full-time for former Chewie actor Peter Mayhew) has one in the cockpit of the Millennium Falcon—but this one isn’t new to us or him, because it’s the legendary intergalactic charmer, and former Baron Governor of Cloud City, Lando Calrissian (the returning Billy Dee Williams)! We don’t know what Lando’s been up to since Return of the Jedi, but he’s back helping what’s left of the Resistance out for now, it seems. And seemingly raiding his Solo wardrobe: he’s basically wearing the same gear Donald Glover wore as the young Calrissian, weirdly enough. just been hanging out in the Falcon’s wardrobes all this time? Cutting back to the desert world again, a speeder finds itself pursued by not just a speeder on the ground, but what appears to be a brand new kind of First Order Stormtrooper, evocative of the Clone Jetpack and Imperial Jumptroopers seen in prior canonical material like the Star Wars: Battlefront games. That speeder, by the way, is piloted by Finn and the very out-of-place C-3PO (Anthony Daniels)! At the Episode IX Celebration panel, Daniels teased that Threepio would have a much more involved role in Rise of Skywalker, and that previously mentioned leaked poster did show the Protocol droid ditching etiquette for Chewbacca’s bowcaster. So maybe he’s not as out-of-place as he seems. A blink-and-you’ll-miss-it shot of a sunset battle in the lower atmosphere of a planet—it could be this desert world we’ve seen throughout the trailer—shows an unfortunate RZ2 A-Wing getting blown to bits in front of a First Order Star Destroyer. We then cut to a very interesting shot indeed—one of the medals that Leia (the late, dearly missed Carrie Fisher) gave to Luke and Han (Harrison Ford) at Yavin IV at the end of A New Hope. Don’t worry, they canonically added in a comic that Chewie got one too, but take a look at the hands: They look a lot like they’re Leia’s. Given that J. Abrams has long noted that the material used for Leia’s storyline in Rise of the Skywalker is drawn from deleted scenes shot for The Force Awakens, it stands to reason that this medal is actually Han’s, rather than Luke (it’s definitely not Chewie’s; he gave it away in that aforementioned comic). Perhaps originally she was reminiscing where her wayward husband was when this scene was first shot, and is now remembering him after his death at Kylo Ren’s hands. Oh, don’t mind me, I’m just going to sit here and cry for a second. “We’ll always be with you, ” Luke’s voice adds, as if it already wasn’t tragic enough. There’s that plural again: is it just a coincidence here that it just so happens to apply to this Leia moment contextually, or has she moved on into the Force, and was part of the “We” he was mentioning earlier as well? The forested planet Rey and Leia embrace on seems to match one shown in a picture at the Episode IX panel—yet another unidentified world. Rey, Finn, Poe, Threepio, D-O, BB-8, and Chewbacca gaze out from grassy knolls at something disconcerting. This environment matches up with previous set pictures that included Naomi Ackie’s new character in the movie, confirmed at today’s Celebration panel as being named Jannah. We don’t know much else about her, but the world she’s on? It’s home to broken shards of the second Death Star. You would think this could possibly reveal that this world is, in fact, the forest moon of Endor else could the Death Star have smashed pieces into? Well, an explosion that big could easily have flung segments far and wide into other planets in the same system, or even further. But what is most fascinating is that this isn’t actually a wholly new concept for this sequel trilogy: The idea of visiting the underwater ruins of the Death Star II, specifically the Emperor’s throne room, was considered for The Force Awakens. So what could Rey and her friends be hunting for there? As revealed in The Force Awakens ’ art book, originally the map leading to Luke’s location would’ve been the target of the underwater dive into the Death Star’s ruined superstructure. What could it be now that we already have that map? Some ancient Sith relic? A key to, perhaps, the Emperor’s survival beyond his apparent death in Return of the Jedi? Because that sure as hell seems to be what this trailer implies in its final moments: As we fade to The Rise of Skywalker ’s title reveal, Luke re-iterates a heartbreaking line from The Last Jedi: “No one’s ever really gone. ” If this is the Force Spirit Luke, it’s obvious to intone what he could mean here to Rey. But given that immediately after, we hear the sinister, rasping cackle of none other than Sheev Palpatine himself (Ian McDiarmid, who surprised audiences at the Episode IX panel by appearing on stage as the trailer concluded). Novels released in the wake of The Force Awakens —most notably Chuck Wendig’s Aftermath trilogy —have expounded upon the idea that Palpatine hid Observatories full of powerful, dangerous Force artifacts across the galaxy, to be safeguarded in the wake of his death. Could those same observatories now be what Rey and her friends are looking for? Could they find the key that’s lead to the potential return of Palpatine? Is it all a ruse? wouldn’t be the first time Star Wars has misdirected fans with stories about the Emperor being back, in some form or another. Even if those stories are no longer canon... As I said before, The Rise of Skywalker ’s first trailer is an enigma wrapped inside a mystery. It is tone, it is hints, but it is not a trailer that really tells us much at all what the climactic entry in the Skywalker Saga is actually about. ’s not really the point, at least yet. We’re meant to be left to our questions—who is that voice, where are our heroes, what are they up to, what does it mean for a Skywalker to rise, and who even is the Skywalker? Because we’ve still got a good long while left to see more of this grand conclusion to a story over four decades in the making. All will be revealed, in the end, when Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker hits theaters this December. For more, make sure you’re following us on our new Instagram @ io9dotcom.

We think this movie stands out for: A lot or a little? The parents' guide to what's in this movie. As with whole  Star Wars  franchise, main tension here is between good and evil, light and dark. Characters discover nuances of humanity and how people aren't generally all one thing or the other. Story underlines idea that everyone has a choice about which moral code to believe in, which mission to accept. Your family/background doesn't determine your destiny. Promotes transformative power of hope, and importance of friendship, courage, teamwork, loyalty, trust, listening to others, faith. Positive Role Models & Representations Rey continues to be strong, capable, courageous, but this time also deals with inner conflict. She must decide whether to follow the path of the Jedi or indulge in her newfound sense of anger and frustration. Other female characters -- including General Leia, Rose, and some new faces -- are well represented making tough decisions, leading bravely, and more. Finn and Poe learn to lead together and to put mission above personal conflicts. Their friendship and teamwork fittingly rallies the Republic around helping Rey. First Order is depicted as mostly male and largely white, while Resistance is notably diverse both in skin color and in various species, with women in leadership positions. Tons of sci-fi action violence, both large-scale space battles/explosions and one-on-one duels, shoot-outs, tense chases/crashes. A few explicit but not bloody deaths: A non-human severed head is unceremoniously presented to the First Order (some greenish goop, but no red blood), a traitor is summarily executed, an entire field of Resistance forces is shown dead, a character's skin and face crumble/melt away, Kylo Ren kills and maims many enemies with his lightsaber. One character's wound is shown close-up; a skeleton is seen. Both sides sustain lots of casualties.  Spoiler alert:  Several primary and supporting characters are killed, and nearly everyone is injured at one point. A couple of key characters are presumed captured or killed. A few deaths will be extra emotional for audiences. Many weapons are used in addition to lightsabers: blaster guns, planet-killer weapons, bombs, grenades, daggers, arrows, fighter planes. An officer orders an entire fleet destroyed. A leader orders an entire planet destroyed. Creepy villain, dark/scary locations, and a couple of large, scary worm-like monsters. Frequent peril and danger. Arguments. Two characters continue to have an intense, supernatural bond that sometimes feels romantic. Poe comedically asks another character for a kiss two times. Several charged/longing looks. Embraces/brief kisses (both opposite-sex and, extremely briefly, same-sex). Infrequent use of insults and words of exasperation including "ass, " "damn it, " "hell, " "stupid, " "shut up, " etc. Nothing in the movie, but off camera there's an entire universe of merchandise available, from branded/themed apparel, board games, video games, accessories, housewares, action figures, Lego sets, food, toys, and just about anything else you can consume that can be a tie-in. Drinking, Drugs & Smoking What parents need to know Parents need to know that Star Wars: Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker is the ninth and final film in the four-decade-long Skywalker saga (and the third installment in the current trilogy). Following the events of  Episode VIII: The Last Jedi,   the film focuses on the battle between the villainous First Order, led by Supreme Leader Kylo Ren ( Adam Driver), and the virtuous Resistance fighters, embodied by the last Jedi, Rey ( Daisy Ridley). Everything is on the line in this installment, which means the sci-fi action violence is ratcheted up a notch: You can expect even more major space battles, high-stakes destruction, tense chases/crashes, peril, injury, and fierce lightsaber duels (plus blasters, arrows, cannons, and other weapons). This movie feels a little more intense and darker than the previous two in this trilogy, with creepy villains and locations and a few explicit (but not bloody) deaths, including a beheading, a point-blank execution, and a body crumbling to bits.  Spoiler alert:  Several primary and supporting characters are killed, and a few of those deaths will be extra emotional for audiences. There are also some scenes with lots of flashing lights, which could be difficult for those with photosensitivity. While there's not a lot of romance, the film does include some longing looks, embraces, and a couple of kisses. Language isn't frequent, but you will hear "ass, " "hell, " and "damn. " Women continue to hold strong positions in the Resistance, and there are strong messages of courage, teamwork, hope, and loyalty. Stay up to date on new reviews. Get full reviews, ratings, and advice delivered weekly to your inbox. Subscribe User Reviews Parent of a 7, 11, 13, and 13-year-old Written by FowlerFan December 20, 2019 Adult Written by ibsuzy December 22, 2019 Amazing - Emotional This movie is open-ended which left me with a few questions. Overall, the movie was way better than I could imagine. It’s one of my favorite Star Wars movies. Teen, 17 years old Written by Kwin123 December 19, 2019 What's the story? STAR WARS: EPISODE IX: THE RISE OF SKYWALKER starts off with the usual scrolling exposition: In a galaxy far, far away, what remains of the Resistance regroups after the devastating losses of  The Last Jedi, while Rey ( Daisy Ridley) trains with the Force and new Supreme Leader Kylo Ren ( Adam Driver) and the First Order look for a secret Sith lair that's broadcasting pro-Emperor Palpatine propaganda. Poe ( Oscar Isaac), Finn ( John Boyega), and Chewbacca continue on their mission to subvert the First Order and help Rey save the day. Kylo Ren attempts to lure Rey to the Dark Side, believing that their special supernatural Force connection means they're destined to share a throne and rule together. In battle after battle, the two forces fight for the future of the galaxy. Is it any good? Technically slick and impressively performed, this final installment is definitely entertaining, but the considerable fan service and nostalgic callbacks make it less epic than we might have hoped. Audiences will marvel at the elaborate set pieces, the plentiful Easter eggs, and the intricately choreographed battle sequences (the storyboarding must have been amazing). The talented stars are all back -- even the late Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa. Hopefully they were so bountifully compensated that they can now go on to long careers doing whatever film they want. It's telling, though, that of Driver's three big roles in 2019 (alongside Marriage Story and The Report), this is his least extraordinary. That's because, despite the buddy-adventure humor of the Poe-and-Finn storyline, the fascinating plot revelations (no spoilers here! ), and the Game of Thrones -style intrigue, the story and writing can occasionally become unwieldy as director J. J Abrams overstuffs the movie that signals the end of an era. Speaking for those who don't possess encyclopedic knowledge of every character name and subplot of the three Skywalker trilogies, it's possible to enjoy this film without total recall of the earlier movies -- but those who do remember the meaning of particular characters, species, locations, and vehicles will feel extra rewarded. To spell those particulars out would be to spoil several applause-worthy moments, but if moviegoers have the time, they might re-watch The Empire Strikes Back, Revenge of the Sith, and The Last Jedi to maximize their understanding of the story in Episode IX. The best part of Rise of Skywalker might be the satisfying nostalgia, but it's ultimately about another central trio of friends with sketchy backgrounds (a former scavenger, a Stormtrooper, and a spice runner) who answered a higher calling for themselves, the Force, and the galaxy. Talk to your kids about... Families can talk about the violence in Star Wars: Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker. Do scenes of explosions and space battles affect you differently than those of close-up, one-on-one lightsaber duels and killings? Why do you think that is? What makes more of an impact: violence or loss? Why? How does this movie handle both topics? Who are the movie's heroes? How are they role models? Do they demonstrate character strengths such as  courage and teamwork? How is diversity -- and a lack thereof -- used to indicate the values of the opposing sides of the conflict in the Star Wars series? Why is it notable that the First Order has very little diversity, while the Republic has a lot of it? Talk about the themes from the previous movies that repeat themselves here. Why are issues of good vs. evil, mentorship, and so on so important to this series? How do they play out on-screen? What are your thoughts on the way the Skywalker Saga ended? What do you think happens in the future for the characters, the Force, and the galaxy?

 

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Watch online star wars 3a l ascesa di skywalker status. Watch online star wars 3a l ascesa di skywalker html. Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker episode 1. Watch online star wars: l'ascesa di skywalker now. Image copyright Lucasfilm Image caption Rey, played by Daisy Ridley, returns in The Rise of Skywalker The next Star Wars movie, episode IX, will be titled The Rise of Skywalker, it has been announced. The title was revealed at a Star Wars celebration event in Chicago, while a teaser trailer was posted on Twitter with the words: "Every generation has a legend. " Director JJ Abrams said the movie is set some time after previous instalment The Last Jedi. The Rise of Skywalker is due to be released later this year. Despite his apparent death at the end of Episode VI, Return of the Jedi, Emperor Palpatine seems to be making a comeback. His sinister cackle is heard at the end of the trailer and Ian McDiarmid, who plays the character, strolled on stage to loud applause at the announcement. The two-minute trailer, the first footage seen from the new film, also features a brief glimpse of Princess Leia, played by the late Carrie Fisher. She embraces Rey (Daisy Ridley), while Luke Skywalker's voice is heard saying: "We'll always be with you. No one's ever really gone. " Fisher died in 2016 but the filmmakers were able to use previously unseen footage from The Force Awakens. Abrams told a US "Star Wars Celebration" event in Chicago it was a "weird miracle" to be able to continue Princess Leia's story. "Every day it hits me that she's not here, but it's so surreal because we're working with her still, " he said. "She's so alive in the scenes and the craziest part is how not crazy it feels. Princess Leia lives in this film in a way that's kind of mind-blowing for me. " The Rise of Skywalker is the third episode of the third set of Star Wars films, which were started by filmmaker George Lucas in 1977. Kathleen Kennedy, the president of Lucasfilm - a subsidiary of Disney that makes the Star Wars films - agreed with the event's panel host Stephen Colbert it was "unprecedented" to tell a story in a nine-film arc. "What's also fascinating is it's over 40 years, " she told the event. "To keep this relevant and meaningful to the characters and to the people experiencing this story, it has to feel like its of its time. "We've taken to heart everything that inspired George [Lucas] and then I think the inspiration that JJ's [Abrams] brought to this has given it even more depth. " Fans welcomed the reappearance of Lando Calrissian, played by Billy Dee Williams, who is seen piloting the Millennium Falcon. The movie also features the return of John Boyega as Finn, and Oscar Isaac's Poe Dameron. The trailer opens with Rey on a desert planet as Skywalker, played by Mark Hamill, says in a voiceover: "We've passed on all we know. A thousand generations live in you now. But this is your fight. " She activates her lightsaber as a TIE fighter bears down on her, flying close to the ground. As it reaches her, she backflips over it. Then we see Kylo Ren, played by Adam Driver, slicing through enemies in a blood-red forest. Lando Calrissian appears at the controls of the Millennium Falcon, putting it into hyperdrive as a title card says: "The saga comes to an end. " Lando Calrissian is back after appearances in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi Heroes including C-3PO are seen being chased across the desert planet in a low-flying craft before the trailer cuts to the shot of Rey hugging Leia. Then we see Rey, Finn, Poe, C-3PO, BB-8 and Chewbacca walking to the edge of a cliff by the sea. Across the water appears to be the wreckage of a Death Star. The trailer's final shot appears to show a wrecked Death Star The film is due to be released on 20 December.

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Born with unique powers, a boy is recruited to fight demons and save the community that fears him 8,1 / 10 year - 2019 runtime - 110 m Mo Han. Ne Zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movies. When I saw the thumbnail Luffy? Holding a spear? WTF! 😂😂. 破三十亿了,加油💪. Great film but the trailer revealed too much. I am glad I saw the movie first before seeing the trailer. This movie has broken record, so my expectation is quite high. And in the end it really meets my expectation. The story is well told, and it made people laugh every other minutes, but at some point it made you think about family and love, and you just cant stop crying. I enjoyed every minute of it.

I just watched this movie. It is really a great movie. very interesting and inspiring. if (your) fate isn't fair, fight it till the end. Ne Zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie maker. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie youtube. 好燃啊!有机会一定刷. 这就是中国文化,不用去理会别人说什么,用心做好我们特色的文化电影,我们中国人华人,大马华人, 新加坡华人,包括全世界的华人, 多少啊? 用得着他们去欣赏吗?我说的对吗?.

Fantastic animation, the storyline is a little diverted from the original ancient story but just as good. I almost burst into tears several times. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie theater. Im not a chinese or someone from china. and i know things or two bout nezha. i thought this nezha myth famous all over the globe, but it seems like. not. It like Seeing Dragon Ball Z and Naruto in action. Ne Zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie database. Ok just stop. Ne Zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie page imdb. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie video. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie online.

This movie has grossed 4.1 billion yuan in China! Don't ask me why I know) I have a Chinese nearby who flew to his hometown specially to see. She told me that it is really very nice. Although the production cost is only 60 million RMB) many stars have imitated it on China's microblog, which shows that it is very popular.

Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie download. Hahha ~是古装啊~说穿的土~ 哈哈哈. Reluctantly give 7 stars and encourage the country. The special effects are basically up to standard, but the script will go back and polish for 10 years. "Mother-in-law is more and more defeated" unprincipled indulgence of bear children destroying property; trying to reflect the prejudice in people's minds, but adding a lot of regional elements to the characters from the entertainment. 爾非魚... 焉知... Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie 2017. The animation looks gorgeous. So beautiful. I hope the story does justice to it. And now this film is the number 1 animation film in box office in China! Nezha is absolutely brilliant.

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Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie trailer. NE ZHA (哪吒) English Dub Synopsis Ne Zha (2019), the top-grossing Chinese animated film inspired by the traditional Chinese legend and lore, is back in 2020 with an English dub! Own it on digital on February 25, or on 4K Ultra HD on March 3. A young boy, Nezha, is birthed from a heavenly pearl by the Primeval Lord of Heaven. Born with unique powers, Nezha finds himself as an outcast who is hated and feared. Destined by prophecy to bring destruction to the world, the young boy must choose between good and evil in order to break the shackles of fate and become the hero. Cast Lyu Yanting, Cao Yalong, Wang Zheng, Chen Hao, Zeng Hongru, Yang Wei, Zhang Jiaming Release Date Mar 03, 2020.

哇塞它真的超级好看啦! 希望有机会看着这部厉害的电影.来自美国的问候. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie 2016. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movies. A complete and intelligent storyline, live characters, and lots lots of love. I cannot help but compare it to Wall-E, Toy Story 3, or Zootopia. It is as entertaining, touching, but also different. I can enjoy the movie fully because I am a native Chinese speaker, and I hope the translation can get the essence of the story, so more people can enjoy it. Recommend. Ne Zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie. Wow amazing. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie times. Please premiered in indonesia. Quite a great comedy cartoon. Somehow the matured Natra appearance really looks like Songoku. Ne zha zhi mo tong jiang shi movie 2015.

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Ashfall movie. Ashfall philippines. The Republic of Iceland () (;) is a European island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 320, 000 and a total area of 103, 000 km². Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, whose surrounding area is home to some two-thirds of the national population. Located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland is volcanically and geologically active on a large scale; this defines the landscape. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many big glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Warmed by the Gulf Stream, Iceland has a temperate climate relative to its latitude and provides a habitable environment and nature. According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norwegian settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the next centuries, people of Nordic and Celtic origin settled in Iceland. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and was from 1262 to 1918 a part of the Norwegian, and later the Danish monarchies. In the 20th century, Iceland's economy and welfare system developed quickly, and in recent decades the nation has implemented free trade in the European Economic Area, diversifying from fishing to new economic fields in services, finance and various industries. Iceland is a free market economy with low taxes compared with other OECD countries. The country maintains a Nordic welfare system providing universal health care and post-secondary education for its citizens. Icelandic culture is based on the nation’s Norse heritage and its status as a developed and technologically advanced society. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, the nation’s poetry, and the medieval Icelandic Sagas. In recent years, Iceland has been one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 2007, it was ranked as the most developed country in the world by the United Nations' Human Development Index and the fourth most productive country per capita. In 2008, however, the nation’s banking system systematically failed, causing significant economic contraction and political unrest that lead to early parliamentary elections making Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir the country's Prime Minister. Geography A map of Iceland with major towns marked Iceland is located in the North Atlantic Ocean just south of the Arctic Circle, which passes through the small island of Grímsey off Iceland's northern coast, but not through mainland Iceland. Unlike neighbouring Greenland, Iceland is a part of Europe, not of North America, though geologically the island is part of both continental plates. Because of cultural, economic and linguistic similarities, Iceland is one of the Nordic countries and participates in Nordic cooperation. The closest bodies of land are Greenland (287 km) and the Faroe Islands (420 km). The closest distance to the mainland of Europe is 970 km (to Norway). Iceland is the world's 18th largest island, and Europe's second largest island following Great Britain. The main island is 101, 826 km² but the entire country is in size, of which 62. 7% is tundra. Lakes and glaciers cover 14. 3%; only 23% is vegetated. The largest lakes are Þórisvatn ( Reservoir): and Þingvallavatn:; other important lakes include Lögurinn and Mývatn. Öskjuvatn is the deepest lake at. However, geologically Iceland is a subaerial part of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, the ridge along which the oceanic crust spreads and forms new oceanic crust. In addition to this, this part of the mid ocean ridge is located atop a mantle plume causing Iceland to be subaerial (above sea level). Tectonically, Iceland belongs neither to the European continent nor to North America since it is a raised part of the oceanic crust, not a continental land mass. Many fjords punctuate its 4, 970 km long coastline, which is also where most settlements are situated. The island's interior, the Highlands of Iceland, are a cold and uninhabitable combination of sand and mountains. The major towns are the capital of Reykjavík, along with its outlying towns of Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður and Garðabær, Reykjanesbær, where the international airport is located, and Akureyri, in northern Iceland. The island of Grímsey just south of the Arctic Circle contains the northernmost habitation of Iceland. Iceland has three national parks: Vatnajökull National Park, Snæfellsjökull National Park, and Þingvellir National Park. Geological activity A geologically young land, Iceland is located on both the Iceland hotspot and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which runs right through it. This combined location means that the island is highly geologically active and has many volcanoes, notably Hekla, Eldgjá, Herðubreið and Eldfell. Iceland is one of two places on Earth where a mid-ocean ridge rises above sea level, making it an easily accessible site to study the geology of such ridges. The volcanic eruption of Laki in 1783-1784 caused a famine that killed nearly a quarter of the island's population; the eruption caused dust clouds and haze to appear over most of Europe and parts of Asia and Africa for several months afterward. There are also many geysers in Iceland, including Geysir, from which the English word is derived, as well as the famous Strokkur, which erupts every 5–10 minutes. After a phase of inactivity, Geysir started erupting again after a series of earthquakes in the year 2000. With the widespread availability of geothermal power, and because many rivers and waterfalls are harnessed for hydroelectricity, most residents have inexpensive hot water and home heat. The island itself is composed primarily of basalt, a low- silica lava associated with effusive volcanism like Hawaii. Iceland, however, has various kinds of volcanoes, many of which produce more evolved lavas such as rhyolite and andesite. controls Surtsey, one of the youngest islands in the world. Named after Surtr, it rose above the ocean in a series of volcanic eruptions between 8 November, 1963 and 5 June, 1968. Only scientists researching the growth of new life are allowed to visit the island. Climate 200 px The climate of Iceland's coast is subpolar oceanic. The warm North Atlantic Current ensures generally higher annual temperatures than in most places of similar latitude in the world. Regions in the world with similar climate include the Aleutian Islands, the Alaska Peninsula and Tierra del Fuego, although these regions are closer to the equator. Despite its proximity to the Arctic, the island's coasts remain ice-free through the winter. Ice incursions are rare, the last having occurred on the north coast in 1969. There are some variations in the climate between different parts of the island. Generally speaking, the south coast is warmer, wetter and windier than the north. Low-lying inland areas in the north are the most arid. Snowfall in winter is more common in the north than the south (there is ca. 50% chance of a white Christmas in Reykjavík but ca. 70% in Akureyri). The Central Highlands are the coldest part of the country. The highest air temperature recorded was on 22 June, 1939 at Teigarhorn on the southeastern coast. The lowest was on 22 January, 1918 at Grímsstaðir and Möðrudalur in the northeastern hinterland. The temperature records for Reykjavík are on 30 July 2008, and on 21 January 1918. Flora and fauna Few plants and animals have migrated to the island or evolved locally since the last ice age, 10, 000 years ago. There are around 1, 300 known species of insects in Iceland, which is a rather low number compared with other countries (over one million species have been described worldwide). The only native land mammal when humans arrived was the Arctic Fox, which came to the island at the end of the ice age, walking over the frozen sea. There are no native reptiles or amphibians on the island. Phytogeographically, Iceland belongs to the Arctic province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of Iceland belongs to the ecoregion of Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra. Approximately three-quarters of the island are barren of vegetation; plant life consists mainly of grassland which is regularly grazed by livestock. The most common tree native to Iceland is the Northern Birch Betula pubescens, which formerly formed forest over much of Iceland along with "Aspen" (Populus Tremola), "Rowan" (Sorbus Aucuparia) and "Common Juniper" (Juniperus communis) and other smaller trees. Permanent human settlement greatly disturbed the isolated ecosystem of thin, volcanic soils and limited species diversity. The forests were heavily exploited over the centuries for firewood and timber. Deforestation caused a loss of critical topsoil due to erosion, greatly reducing the ability of birches to grow back. Today, only a few small birch stands exist in isolated reserves. The planting of new forests has increased the number of trees, but does not compare to the original forests. Some of the planted forests include new foreign species. The animals of Iceland include the Icelandic sheep, cattle, chicken, goat and the sturdy Icelandic horse, as well as the Icelandic sheepdog. Many varieties of fish live in the ocean waters surrounding Iceland, and the fishing industry is a main contributor to Iceland's economy, accounting for more than half of the country's total exports. Wild mammals include the Arctic Fox, mink, mice, rats, rabbits and reindeer. Polar bears occasionally visit the island, travelling on icebergs from Greenland. In May 2008 two polar bears arrived only two weeks apart. Birds, especially seabirds, are a very important part of Iceland's animal life. Puffins, skuas, and kittiwakes nest on its sea cliffs. Commercial whaling is practiced intermittently along with scientific whale hunts. Whale watching has become an important part of Iceland's economy since 1997. History Settlement and the establishment of the Commonwealth (874–1262) The first people believed to have visited Iceland were members of a Hiberno-Scottish mission or hermits, also known as Papar, who came in the 8th century. No archaeological discoveries support this theory; the monks are supposed to have left with the arrival of Norsemen, who systematically made settled in the period circa AD 870–930. The results of recent carbon dating work, published in the journal Skírnir, suggests that the country may have been settled as early as the second half of the 7th century. The first known permanent Norse settler was Ingólfur Arnarson, who built his homestead in Reykjavík in the year 874. Ingólfur was followed by many other emigrant settlers, largely Norsemen and their Irish slaves. By 930, most arable land had been claimed and the Althing, a legislative and judiciary parliament, was founded as the political hub of the Icelandic Commonwealth. Christianity was adopted 999–1000. The Commonwealth lasted until 1262 when the political system devised by the original settlers proved unable to cope with the increasing power of Icelandic chieftains. Middle Ages to the Early Modern Era The internal struggles and civil strife of the Sturlung Era led to the signing of the Old Covenant, which brought Iceland under the Norwegian crown. Possession of Iceland passed to Denmark-Norway in the late 14th century, when the kingdoms of Norway and Denmark were united in the Kalmar Union. In the ensuing centuries, Iceland became one of the poorest countries in Europe. Infertile soil, volcanic eruptions, and an unforgiving climate made for harsh life in a society whose subsistence depended almost entirely on agriculture. The Black Death swept Iceland in 1402–04 and 1494–95, each time killing about half the population. Around the middle of the 16th century, King Christian III of Denmark began to impose Lutheranism on all his subjects. The last Catholic bishop in Iceland was beheaded in 1550, along with two of his sons and the country subsequently became fully Lutheran. Lutheranism has since remained the dominant religion. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Denmark imposed harsh trade restrictions on Iceland, while pirates from England, Spain and Algeria ( Turkish Abductions) raided its coasts. A great smallpox epidemic in the 18th century killed around a third of the population. In 1783 the Laki volcano erupted, with devastating effects. The years following the eruption, known as the Mist Hardships (Icelandic: Móðuharðindin), saw the death of over half of all livestock in the country, with ensuing famine in which around a quarter of the population died. The Independence Movement and the World Wars (1814-1945) In 1814, following the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark-Norway was broken up into two separate kingdoms via the Treaty of Kiel. Iceland, however, remained a Danish dependency. Throughout the 19th century, the country's climate continued to grow worse, resulting in mass emigration to the New World, particularly Manitoba in Canada. About 15, 000 out of a total population of 70, 000 left. However, a new national consciousness was revived, inspired by romantic and nationalist ideas from continental Europe, and an Icelandic independence movement arose under the leadership of Jón Sigurðsson. In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland a constitution and home rule, which was expanded in 1904. The Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark signed on 1 December 1918, recognised Iceland as a fully sovereign state under the Danish king. During World War II, Iceland joined Denmark in asserting neutrality. After the German occupation of Denmark on 9 April 1940, the Icelandic parliament declared that the Icelandic government should assume the Danish king's duties and take control over foreign affairs and other matters previously handled by Denmark on behalf of Iceland. A month later, British Armed Forces occupied Iceland, violating Icelandic neutrality. In 1941, responsibility for the occupation was taken over by the United States. Allied occupation of Iceland lasted throughout the war. On 31 December 1943, the Act of Union agreement expired after 25 years. Beginning on 20 May 1944, Icelanders voted in a four-day plebiscite on whether to terminate the union with Denmark and establish a republic. The vote was 97% in favour of ending the union and 95% in favour of the new republican constitution. Iceland formally became an independent republic on 17 June 1944, with Sveinn Björnsson as the first president. Recent history (1946–present) In 1946, the Allied occupation force left Iceland, which formally became a member of NATO on 30 March 1949, amid domestic controversy and riots. On 5 May 1951, a defence agreement was signed with the United States. American troops returned to Iceland and remained throughout the Cold War, finally leaving on 30 September 2006. The immediate post-war period was followed by substantial economic growth, driven by industrialisation of the fishing industry and Marshall aid. The 1970s were marked by the Cod Wars —several disputes with the United Kingdom over Iceland's extension of its fishing limits. The economy was greatly diversified and liberalised when Iceland joined the European Economic Area in 1994. During the period 2003–07, Iceland developed from a nation best known for its fishing industry into a global financial powerhouse, but was consequently hit particularly hard by the 2008 global financial crisis. Government Iceland is a representative democracy and a parliamentary republic. The modern parliament, called "Alþingi" (English: Althing), was founded in 1845 as an advisory body to the Danish monarch. It was widely seen as a re-establishment of the assembly founded in 930 in the Commonwealth period and suspended in 1799. Consequently, "it is arguably the world's oldest parliamentary democracy. " It currently has 63 members, elected for a four year term. The president of Iceland is a largely ceremonial head of state and serves as a diplomat but can block a law voted by the parliament and put it to a national referendum. The current president is Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. The head of government is the prime minister, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, who, together with the cabinet, is responsible for executive government. The cabinet is appointed by the president after a general election to Althing; however, the appointment is usually negotiated by the leaders of the political parties, who decide among themselves after discussions which parties can form the cabinet and how its seats are to be distributed, under the condition that it has a majority support in Althing. Only when the party leaders are unable to reach a conclusion by themselves in a reasonable time does the president exercise this power and appoint the cabinet himself or herself. This has not happened since the republic was founded in 1944, but in 1942 the regent of the country ( Sveinn Björnsson who had been installed in that position by the Althing in 1941) did appoint a non-parliamentary government. The regent had, for all practical purposes, the position of a president, and Sveinn in fact became the country's first president in 1944. The governments of Iceland have almost always been coalitions with two or more parties involved, as no single political party has received a majority of seats in Althing during the republic. The extent of the political power possessed by the office of the president is disputed by legal scholars in Iceland; several provisions of the constitution appear to give the president some important powers but other provisions and traditions suggest differently. In 1980, Icelanders elected Vigdís Finnbogadóttir as president, the world's first directly elected female head of state. She retired from office in 1996. Elections for town councils, presidency and parliament are each held every four years. The next elections are scheduled for 2010, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Subdivisions Iceland is divided into regions, constituencies, counties, and municipalities. There are eight regions which are primarily used for statistical purposes; the district court jurisdictions also use an older version of this division. Until 2003, the constituencies for the parliamentary elections were the same as the regions, but by an amendment to the constitution, they were changed to the current six constituencies: * Reykjavík North and Reykjavík South (city regions); * Southwest (four geographically separate suburban areas around Reykjavík); * Northwest and Northeast (north half of Iceland, split); and, * South (south half of Iceland, excluding Reykjavík and suburbs). The redistricting change was made in order to balance the weight of different districts of the country, since previously a vote cast in the sparsely populated areas around the country would count much more than a vote cast in the Reykjavík city area. The imbalance between districts has been reduced by the new system, but still exists. File:Regions of | Regions of Iceland File:Constituencies | Constituencies of Iceland | Counties of Iceland Iceland's 23 counties are, for the most part, historical divisions. Currently, Iceland is split up among 26 magistrates ( sýslumenn, singular sýslumaður) who represent government in various capacities. Among their duties are tax collection, administering bankruptcy declarations, and performing civil marriages. After a police reorganization in 2007, which combined police forces in multiple counties, about half of them are in charge of police forces. There are 79 municipalities in Iceland which govern local matters like schools, transport and zoning. These are the actual second-level subdivision of Iceland, as the constituencies have no relevance except in elections and for statistical purposes. Reykjavík is by far the most populous municipality, about four times more populous than Kópavogur, the second one. Politics Iceland has a left–right multi-party system. The biggest parties are the Social Democratic Alliance ( Samfylkingin), the Centre-right Independence Party ( Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn) and the Left-Green Movement ( Vinstrihreyfingin - grænt framboð). Other political parties with seats in Althing are the centrist Progressive Party ( Framsóknarflokkurinn) and the Citizens' Movement ( Borgarahreyfingin). Many other parties exist on the municipal level, most of which only run locally in a single municipality. | Social Democratic Alliance File:Independence | Independence Party File:Left-green | Left-Green Movement File:Framsóknarflokkurinn | Progressive Party File:Borgarahr-logo | Citizens' Movement Foreign relations Nordic prime ministers in 2007 Iceland maintains diplomatic and commercial relations with practically all nations, but its ties with the Nordic countries, Germany, the US and the other NATO nations are particularly close. Icelanders remain especially proud of the role Iceland played in hosting the historic 1986 Reagan–Gorbachev summit in Reykjavík, which set the stage for the end of the Cold War. Iceland's principal historical international disputes involved disagreements over fishing rights. Conflict with the United Kingdom led to a series of so-called Cod Wars in 1952–1956 as a result of the extension of Iceland's fishing zone from, 1958–61 following a further extension to, 1972–73 with another extension to; and in 1975–76 another extension to. Iceland has no standing army. The U. S. Air Force maintained four to six interceptors at the Keflavík base, until 30 September, 2006 when they were withdrawn. Iceland supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq despite much controversy in Iceland, deploying a Coast Guard EOD team to Iraq which was replaced later by members of the Icelandic Crisis Response Unit. Iceland has also participated in the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan and the 1999 bombing of Yugoslavia. Despite the ongoing financial crisis the first new patrol ship for decades was launched on 29 April 2009. Iceland is a member of European Economic Area (EEA), which allows the country access to the single market of the European Union (EU). It is not a member of EU, but in July 2009 the Icelandic parliament, the Althingi, voted in favour of application for EU membership. EU officials mentioned 2011 or 2012 as possible accession dates. Iceland is also a member of the UN, NATO, EFTA and OECD. Demographics The original population of Iceland was of Nordic and Celtic origin. This is evident from literary evidence dating from the settlement period as well as from later scientific studies such as blood type and genetic analyses. One such genetics study has indicated that the majority of the male settlers were of Nordic origin while the majority of the women were of Celtic origin. Iceland has extensive genealogical records dating back to the late 17th century and fragmentary records extending back to the Age of Settlement. The biopharmaceutical company deCODE Genetics has funded the creation of a genealogy database which attempts to cover all of Iceland's known inhabitants. It sees the database, called Íslendingabók, as a valuable tool for conducting research on genetic diseases, given the relative isolation of Iceland's population. The population of the island is believed to have varied from 40, 000–60, 000 in the period from initial settlement until the mid-19th century. During that time, cold winters, ashfall from volcanic eruptions, and bubonic plagues adversely affected the population several times. The first census was carried out in 1703 and revealed that the population was then 50, 358. After the destructive volcanic eruptions of the Laki volcano during 1783–84 the population reached a low of about 40, 000. Improving living conditions have triggered a rapid increase in population since the mid-19th century—from about 60, 000 in 1850 to 320, 000 in 2008. Population estimate Year Population 2008 313, 376 2009 319, 442 2010 317, 440 2020 340, 095 2030 368, 468 2040 391, 983 2050 408, 835 Source: Statistics Iceland In December 2007, 33, 678 people (13. 5% of the total population) living in Iceland had been born abroad, including children of Icelandic parents living abroad. 19, 000 people (6% of the population) held foreign citizenship. Polish people make up the far largest minority nationality (see table on the right for more details), and still form the bulk of the foreign workforce. About 8, 000 Poles now live in Iceland, 1, 500 of them in Reyðarfjörður where they make up 75 percent of the workforce who are building the Fjarðarál aluminium plant. The recent surge in immigration has been credited to a labour shortage because of the booming economy at the time, while restrictions on the movement of people from the Eastern European countries that joined the EU / European Economic Area in 2004 have been lifted. Large-scale construction projects in the east of Iceland (see Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project) have also brought in many people whose stay is expected to be temporary. The Icelandic financial crisis threatens to push many immigrants—mostly those from Poland—back home. The southwest corner of Iceland is the most densely populated region. It is also the location of the capital Reykjavík, the northernmost capital in the world. The largest towns outside the greater Reykjavík area are Akureyri and Reykjanesbær, although the latter is relatively close to the capital. Greenland was first settled by some 500 Icelanders under the leadership of Erik the Red in the late 10th century. The total population reached a high point of perhaps 5, 000 and developed independent institutions before disappearing by 1500. From Greenland the Norsemen launched expeditions to settle in Vinland, but these attempts to colonize the North America were soon abandoned in the face of hostility from the indigenous peoples. Immigration to the United States and Canada began in the 1870s. Today, Canada has over 88, 000 people of Icelandic descent. There are more than 40, 000 Americans of Icelandic descent according to the 2000 U. census. 10 most populous towns in Iceland List of ten most populous towns in Iceland. The population census is 1 October, 2009. Language Iceland's official written and spoken language is Icelandic, a North Germanic language descended from Old Norse. It has changed less from Old Norse than the other Nordic languages, has preserved more verb and noun inflection, and has to a considerable extent developed new vocabulary based on native roots rather than borrowings from other languages. It is the only living language to retain the runic letter Þ. The closest living language to Icelandic is Faroese. In education, the use of Icelandic Sign Language for Iceland's deaf community is regulated by the National Curriculum Guide. English is widely spoken as a secondary language. Danish is also widely understood and spoken. Studying both languages is a mandatory part of the compulsory school curriculum. Other commonly spoken languages are German, Norwegian and Swedish. Danish is mostly spoken in a way largely comprehensible to Swedes and Norwegians—it is often referred to as "Scandinavian" in Iceland. Rather than using family names as is the custom in all mainland European nations, the Icelanders use patronymics. The patronymic follows the person's given name, e. g. Ólafur Jónsson ("Ólafur, Jón's son") or Katrín Karlsdóttir ("Katrín, Karl's daughter"). It is for this reason that the Icelandic telephone directory is listed alphabetically by first name rather than surname. Religion Icelanders enjoy freedom of religion under the constitution, though the National Church of Iceland, a Lutheran body, is the state church. The National Registry keeps account of the religious affiliation of every Icelandic citizen. In 2005, Icelanders were divided into religious groups as follows: 80. 7% members of the National Church of Iceland. 6. 2% members of unregistered religious organisations or with no specified religious affiliation. 4. 9% members of the Free Lutheran Churches of Reykjavík and Hafnarfjörður. 2. 8% not members of any religious group. 2. 5% members of the Roman Catholic Church, which has a Diocese of Reykjavík (see also Bishop of Reykjavík). The remaining 2. 9% includes around 20-25 other Christian denominations while around 1% belong to non-Christian religious organisations. The largest non-Christian denomination is Ásatrúarfélagið, a neopagan group. Religious attendance is relatively low, as in the other Nordic countries. The above statistics represent administrative membership of religious organisations which does not necessarily closely reflect the belief demographics of the population of Iceland. According to Froese (2001), 23% of those in Iceland are either atheist or agnostic. Economy and Infrastructure Iceland was the seventh most productive country in the world by List of countries by GDP per capita (US$54, 858), and the fifth most productive by GDP at purchasing power parity ($40, 112). Except for its abundant hydroelectric and geothermal power, Iceland lacks natural resources; historically its economy depended heavily on the fishing industry, which still provides almost 40% of export earnings and employs 8% of the work force. The economy is vulnerable to declining fish stocks and drops in world prices for its main material exports: fish and fish products, aluminium, and ferrosilicon. Whaling in Iceland has been historically significant. Although the Icelandic economy still relies heavily on fishing, its importance is diminishing as the travel industry and other service, technology and various other industries grow. Although Iceland is a highly developed country, it is still one of the most newly industrialised in Europe. Until the 20th century, it was among the poorest countries in Western Europe. The strong economic growth that Iceland has experienced in recent decades has only just allowed for the modernisation of infrastructure. Many political parties remain opposed to EU membership, primarily due to Icelanders' concern about losing control over their natural resources. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, including software production, biotechnology, and financial services. Despite the decision to resume commercial whale hunting in 2006, the tourism sector is expanding, with the recent trends in ecotourism and whale-watching. Iceland's agriculture industry consists mainly of potatoes, green vegetables (in greenhouses), mutton and dairy products. The financial centre is Borgartún in Reykjavík, hosting a large number of companies and three investment banks. Iceland's stock market, the Iceland Stock Exchange (ISE), was established in 1985. The three investments banks collapsed in October 2008 taking down the entire financial sector, stock market, and currency with it. The national currency of Iceland is the Icelandic króna (ISK). An extensive poll, released on 11 September, 2007, by Capacent Gallup showed that 53% of respondents were in favour of adopting the euro, 37% opposed and 10% undecided. Iceland ranked 5th in the Index of Economic Freedom 2006 and 14th in 2008. Iceland has a flat tax system. The main personal income tax rate is a flat 22. 75 percent and combined with municipal taxes the total tax rate is not more than 35. 72%, and there are many deductions. The corporate tax rate is a flat 18 percent, one of the lowest in the world. Other taxes include a value-added tax and a net wealth tax. (The wealth tax was eliminated in 2006. ) Employment regulations are relatively flexible. Property rights are strong and Iceland is one of the few countries where they are applied to fishery management. Taxpayers pay various subsidies to each other, similar to European countries with welfare state, but the spending is less than in most European countries. Despite low tax rates, overall taxation and consumption is still much higher than countries such as Ireland. According to OECD, agricultural support is the highest among OECD countries and an impediment to structural change. Also, health care and education spending have relatively poor return by OECD measures. OECD Economic survey of Iceland 2008 highlighted Iceland's challenges in currency and macroeconomic policy. There was a currency crisis that started in the spring of 2008 and on 6 October trading in Iceland's banks was suspended as the government battled to save the economy. Iceland was ranked first in Development Index report for 2007/2008. Icelanders are the fourteenth longest-living nation with a life expectancy at birth of 80. 67 years. The Gini coefficient ranks Iceland as one of the most egalitarian countries in the world. 2008–2009 economic crisis Iceland has been hit especially hard by the ongoing late 2000s recession, because of the failure of its banking system and a subsequent economic crisis. Before the crash of the three largest banks in Iceland, Glitnir, Landsbanki and Kaupthing, their combined debt exceeded approximately six times the nation's gross domestic product of € 14 billion ($19 billion). In October 2008, the Icelandic parliament passed emergency legislation to minimize the impact of the financial crisis. The Financial Supervisory Authority of Iceland used permission granted by the emergency legislation to take over the domestic operations of the three largest banks. Icelandic officials, including central bank governor Davíð Oddsson, stated that the state did not intend to take over any of the banks' foreign debts or assets. Instead, new banks were established around the domestic operations of the banks, and the old banks will be run into bankruptcy. The Icelandic economic crisis has been a matter of great concern in international media. On 28 October 2008, the Icelandic government raised interest rates to 18%, (as of July 2009, it is 12%) a move which was forced in part by the terms of acquiring a loan from the IMF. After the rate hike, trading on the Icelandic króna finally resumed on the open market, with valuation at around 250 ISK per Euro, less than one-third the value of the 1:70 exchange rate during most of 2008, and a significant drop from the 1:150 exchange ratio of the week before. Iceland has appealed to Nordic countries for an additional €4 billion in aid to avert the continuing crisis. On 26 January 2009, the coalition government collapsed due to the public dissent over the handling of the financial crisis. A new left-wing government was formed a week later and immediately set about removing Central Bank governor Davíð Oddsson and his aides from the bank through changes in law. Oddsson was removed on 26 February, 2009. Transportation [[File:Route1(iceland)|thumb| The Ring Road of Iceland and some towns it passes through: 1. Reykjavík, 2. Borgarnes, 3. Blönduós, 4. Akureyri, 5. Egilsstaðir, 6. Höfn, 7. Selfoss. ]] The social structure of Iceland is very dependent upon the personal car. Icelanders have one of the highest levels of car ownership per capita: 656, 7 cars per 1000 inhabitants in 2008 () or on average one car per inhabitant older than 17 years. Most Icelanders travel by car to work, school or other activities. The main mode of transport in Iceland is road. Iceland has 13, 034 km of administered roads, of which 4, 617 km are paved and 8, 338 km are not. The ring road was completed in 1974 and the last communities were connected to the road system only a few years previously and there were only short stretches of roads paved before that date. Today, roads are being improved throughout the country and freeways are being built in and around Reykjavík. A great number of roads remain unpaved to this day, mostly little used rural roads. The road speed limits are 50 km/h (30 mph) in towns, 80 km/h (50 mph) on gravel country roads and 90 km/h (56 mph) is the limit on hard-surfaced roads. Iceland currently has no railways. Route 1 or the Ring Road (Icelandic: Þjóðvegur 1 or Hringvegur) is a main road in Iceland that runs around the island and connects all inhabited parts (the interior of the island is uninhabited). The road is 1, 337 km long (830 miles). It has one lane in each direction, except near larger towns and cities and in the Hvalfjörður Tunnel where it has more lanes. Most smaller bridges on it are single lane and made of wood and/or steel. Most of the road's length is paved with asphalt, in the east 5 km (3. 1 miles) of road are currently being moved and are gravel but will be paved soon (as of 29 September, 2008). The main hub for international transport is Keflavík International Airport, which serves Reykjavík and the country in general. It is 48 km (30 mi) to the west of Reykjavík. Domestic flights, flights to Greenland and the Faroe Islands and business flights operate mostly out of Reykjavík Airport, which lies in the city centre. Most general aviation traffic is also in Reykjavík. There are 103 registered airports and airfields in Iceland; most of them are unpaved and located in rural areas. The biggest airport in Iceland is Keflavík International Airport and the biggest airfield is Geitamelur, a four-runway field around 100 km (62 mi) east of Reykjavík, dedicated exclusively to gliding. Energy Renewable sources provide practically all of Iceland's electricity and over 70% of the nation's total energy, with most of the remainder from imported oil used in transportation and in the fishing fleet. Iceland expects to be energy-independent by 2050. Iceland's largest geothermal power plant is located in Nesjavellir, while the Kárahnjúkar dam will be the country's largest hydroelectric power plant. Icelanders emit 10. 0 tonnes of CO2 equivalent of greenhouse gases per capita, which is higher than many European nations. This is due to the wide use of personal transport and a large fishing fleet. Iceland is one of the few countries that have filling stations dispensing hydrogen fuel for cars powered by fuel cells. It is also one of a few countries currently capable of producing hydrogen in adequate quantities at a reasonable cost, because of Iceland's plentiful renewable sources of energy. Iceland has never produced oil or gas. On January 22, 2009 Iceland announced its first round of offshore licensing to companies looking to explore for hydrocarbons in a region northeast of Iceland, known as the Dreki area. Education and science Ministry of Education, Science and Culture is responsible for the policies and methods that schools must use, and they issue the National Curriculum Guidelines. However, the playschools and the primary and lower secondary schools are funded and administered by the municipalities. Nursery school or leikskóli, is non-compulsory education for children younger than six years, and is the first step in the education system. The current legislation concerning playschools was passed in 1994. They are also responsible for ensuring that the curriculum is suitable so as to make the transition into compulsory education as easy as possible. Compulsory education, or grunnskóli, comprises primary and lower secondary education, which often is conducted at the same institution. Education is mandatory by law for children aged from 6 to 16 years. The school year lasts nine months, and begins between 21 August and 1 September, ending between 31 May and 10 June. The minimum number of school days was once 170, but after a new teachers' wage contract, it increased to 180. Lessons take place five days a week. The Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the OECD, currently ranks the Icelandic secondary education as the 27th in the world, significantly below the OECD average. Upper secondary education or framhaldsskóli follows lower secondary education. These schools are also known as gymnasia in English. It is not compulsory, but everyone who has had a compulsory education has the right to upper secondary education. This stage of education is governed by the Upper Secondary School Act of 1996. All schools in Iceland are mixed sex schools. The largest seat of higher education is the University of Iceland, which has its main campus in central Reykjavík. Other schools offering university-level instruction include Reykjavík University, University of Akureyri and Bifrost University. By 1999, 82. 3% of Icelanders had access to a computer. Iceland also had 1, 007 mobile phone subscriptions per 1, 000 people in 2006, the 16th highest in the world. Iceland is home to the European Mars Analog Research Station. Culture Icelandic culture has its roots in Norse traditions. Icelandic literature is popular, in particular the sagas and eddas which were written during the High and Late Middle Ages. Icelanders place relatively great importance on independence and self-sufficiency; in a European Commission public opinion analysis over 85% of Icelanders found independence to be "very important" contrasted with the EU25 average of 53%, and 47% for the Norwegians, and 49% for the Danes. Some traditional beliefs remain today; for example, some Icelanders either believe in elves or are unwilling to rule out their existence. Iceland ranks first on the Human Development Index, and was recently ranked the fourth happiest country in the world. Iceland is progressive in terms of lesbian, gay bisexual and transgendered ( LGBT) matters. In 1996, Parliament passed legislation to create registered partnerships for same-sex couples, covering nearly all the rights and benefits of marriage. In 2006, by unanimous vote of Parliament, further legislation was passed, granting same-sex couples the same rights as different-sex couples in adoption, parenting and assisted insemination treatment. Literature Iceland's best-known classical works of literature are the Icelanders' sagas, prose epics set in Iceland's age of settlement. The most famous of these include Njáls saga, about an epic blood feud, and Grœnlendinga saga and Eiríks saga, describing the discovery and settlement of Greenland and Vinland (modern Newfoundland). Egils saga, Laxdæla saga, Grettis saga, Gísla saga and Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu are also notable and popular Icelanders' sagas. A translation of the Bible was published in the 16th century. Important compositions since the 15th to the 19th century include sacred verse, most famously the Passion Hymns of Hallgrímur Pétursson, and rímur, rhyming epic poems. Originating in the 14th century, rímur were popular into the 19th century, when the development of new literary forms was provoked by the influential, National-Romantic writer Jónas Hallgrímsson. In recent times, Iceland has produced many great writers, the best-known of which is arguably Halldór Laxness who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1955. Steinn Steinarr was an influential modernist poet. Art The distinctive rendition of the Icelandic landscape by its painters can be linked to nationalism and the movement to home rule and independence, which was very active in this period. Contemporary Icelandic painting is typically traced to the work of Þórarinn Þorláksson, who, following formal training in art in the 1890s in Copenhagen, returned to Iceland to paint and exhibit works from 1900 to his death in 1924, almost exclusively portraying the Icelandic landscape. Several other Icelandic men and women artists learned in Denmark Academy at that time, including Ásgrímur Jónsson, who together with Þórarinn created a distinctive portrayal of Iceland's landscape in a romantic naturalistic style. Other landscape artists quickly followed in the footsteps of Þórarinn and Ásgrímur. These included Jóhannes Kjarval and Júlíana Sveinsdóttir. Kjarval in particular is noted for the distinct techniques in the application of paint that he developed in a concerted effort to render the characteristic volcanic rock that dominates the Icelandic environment. Einar Hákonarson is an expressionistic and figurative painter who by some is considered to have brought the figure back into Icelandic painting. In the 1980s many Icelandic artists worked with the subject of the new painting in their work. In the recent years artistic practice has multiplied, and the Icelandic art scene has become a setting for many large scale projects and exhibitions. The artist run gallery space Kling og Bang, members of which later ran the studio complex and exhibition venue Klink og Bank has been a significant portion of the trend of self organised spaces, exhibitions and projects. The Living Art Museum, Reykjavík Municipal Art Museum and the National Gallery of Iceland are the larger, more established institutions, curating shows and festivals. Icelandic architecture draws from Scandinavian influences. The scarcity of native trees resulted in traditional houses being covered by grass and turf. Music Icelandic music is related to Nordic music, and includes vibrant Electronic music, folk and pop traditions, including medieval music group Voces Thules, alternative rock band The Sugarcubes, singers Björk and Emiliana Torrini; and Sigur Rós. The national anthem of Iceland is " Lofsöngur ", written by Matthías Jochumsson, with music by Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson. Traditional Icelandic music is strongly religious. Hallgrímur Pétursson wrote many Protestant hymns in the 17th century. Icelandic music was modernised in the 19th century, when Magnús Stephensen brought pipe organs, which were followed by harmoniums Other vital traditions of Icelandic music are epic alliterative and rhyming ballads called rímur. Rímur are epic tales, usually a cappella, which can be traced back to skaldic poetry, using complex metaphors and elaborate rhyme schemes. The best known rímur poet of the 19th century was Sigurður Breiðfjörð (1798–1846). A modern revitalization of the tradition began in 1929 with the formation of the organization Iðunn. Icelandic contemporary music consists of a big group of bands, ranging from pop-rock groups such as Bang Gang, Quarashi and Amiina to solo ballad singers like Bubbi Morthens, Megas and Björgvin Halldórsson. Independent music is also very strong in Iceland, with bands such as múm, Sigur Rós and solo artists Emiliana Torrini and Mugison being fairly well-known outside Many Icelandic artists and bands have had great success internationally, most notably Björk and Sigur Rós but also Quarashi, Hera, Ampop, Mínus and múm. The main music festival is arguably Iceland Airwaves, an annual event on the Icelandic music scene, where Icelandic bands along with foreign ones occupy the clubs of Reykjavík for a week. Media Iceland's largest television stations are the state-run Sjónvarpið and the privately owned Stöð 2, Skjár einn and ÍNN. Smaller stations exist, many of them local. Radio is broadcast throughout the country, including some parts of the interior. The main radio stations are Rás 1, Rás 2 and Bylgjan. The daily newspapers are Morgunblaðið and Fréttablaðið. The most popular websites are the news sites Vísir and. Iceland is home to television network Nick Jr. 's LazyTown (Icelandic: Latibær), a children's television programme created by Magnús Scheving. It has become a very popular programme for children and adults and is shown in over 100 countries, including the UK, the Americas and Sweden. The LazyTown studios are located in Garðabær. Actress Anita Briem, known for her performance in Showtime 's The Tudors, is Icelandic. Briem starred in the 2008 film Journey to the Center of the Earth, which shot scenes in Iceland. Cuisine Iceland liver sausage Most national Icelandic foods are based around fish, lamb and dairy products. Þorramatur is a national food consisting of many dishes and is usually consumed around the month of Þorri. Traditional dishes include skyr, cured ram scrota, cured shark, singed sheep heads and black pudding. The modern Icelandic diet is very diverse, and includes cuisines from all over the world. As in other Western societies, fast food restaurants are widespread. Sport Sport is an important part of the Icelandic culture. The main traditional sport in Iceland is Glíma, a form of wrestling thought to have originated in medieval times. Popular sports are football, track and field, handball and basketball. Handball is often referred to as a national sport, Iceland's team is one of the top-ranked teams in the world and Icelandic women are surprisingly good at football relative to the size of the country, the national team ranked 19th by FIFA. Iceland has excellent conditions for ice and rock climbing, although mountain climbing and hiking is preferred by the general public. Iceland is also a world class destination for alpine ski touring and Telemark skiing with the Troll Peninsula in Northern Iceland being the center of activity. Iceland also has the most Strongman competition wins. The oldest sport association in Iceland is the Reykjavík Shooting Association, founded 1867. Rifle shooting became very popular in the 19th century and was heavily encouraged by politicians and others pushing for Icelandic independence. Shooting remains popular and all types of shooting with small arms is practiced in the country. See also Accession of Iceland to the European Union Icelanders Index of Iceland-related articles List of international rankings New Iceland in Manitoba, Canada References Footnotes Bibliography External links Gateway to Government Offices of Iceland Icelandic Government Information Center & Icelandic Embassies Chief of State and Cabinet Members Iceland entry at Encyclopædia Britannica Iceland from UCB Libraries GovPubs [irc #Iceland Icelandic Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel] Wikia has a wiki on this subject at World Wikia: Travel Website HD video of Iceland landscapes by Eva Sturm vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole
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Ashfall fossil bed ne. YouTube
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Ashfall in the philippines. Ashfall movie 2019. Ashfall. Ashfall showtimes. Ashfall 2019. Ashfall nebraska state park. Great! Ashfall Episode 1 RAW released. Let's watching and enjoying Ashfall Episode 1 and many other episodes of Ashfall with Full HD for FREE. Check out all of our freely drama series online by clicking on Drama List. Here is the RAW. Facebook Twitter Switch Off Light Download Favorites Please scroll down to choose servers and episodes Standard Server Choose this server Kvid Choose this server Xstreamcdn Choose this server Mp4upload Choose this server Dear valued customer, 1. Dramacool regularly updates new technology. If there any errors appear, please reload the page first. If errors reappear then report to us. 2. Main player supported Chromecast & Airplay. You can use it to streaming on your TV. 3. Please be patient with popup ads with us, that supports us to maintain our fully service to you. Thank you for your support and cooperation. View more video Show all episodes.

A. Sample Number For example: year, personal initials, and a number (06KW-1) but you can label however you want as long as the number is unique (no two are the same). B. Date & Time of Collection If you collected ash during an ash fall event please indicate the time ash began falling and when it stopped (i. e. duration of ash collection). We need accurate times to the nearest minute (i. e the time on your cellular phone is usually accurate Alaska Standard Time) C. Location of Collection GPS location, map location, street address, general location, whatever you can provide (more detail is better). D. Dimensions of Container Give length, width, or diameter of inside edge of container lip. Please specify units (inches, centimeters) e. g. L=12 cm, W= 10 cm, or D = 6 cm. E. Thickness of Ash Layer (to the nearest 1/16 inch or 1/2 millimeter) If you don't have a metric ruler use an inch ruler rather than guessing, it's amazing how easy this is to overestimate. There is a metric ruler on the datasheet that you can cut out and used. The more accurate you are the better the volume calculation will be! F. Describe surface upon which ash has fallen Snow, ice, metal roof, wood, etc. G. Describe weather conditions during ash fall, if known Wind speed, wind direction, gusty or not, snowfall or rainfall during ash deposition, etc. H. Photos If you have photos of your sampling routine or of people doing the sampling please send them to the address above or if digital, send to Please only send copies or digital images as they will not be returned. All photos will be credited to photographer. Please send samples and sample information to: USGS/Alaska Volcano Observatory, c/o Tephra Lab 4230 University Dr., Suite 201 Anchorage, AK 99508 For more information contact us, 907-786-7497, Volcano information can be found on our website: Thank you for your contribution to volcano science in Alaska!

You go down through the Ocean View district of San Francisco to the first freeway exit after Daly City, where you describe, in effect, a hairpin turn to head north past a McDonald’s to a dead end in a local dump. It is called the Daly City Scavenger Company. You leave your car and walk north on a high contour some hundreds of yards through deep grasses until a path to your left takes you down a steep slope a quarter of a mile to the ocean. You double back along the water, south to Mussel Rock. Mussel Rock is a horse. As any geologist will tell you, a horse is a displaced rock mass that has been caught between the walls of a fault. This one appeared to have got away. It seemed to have strained successfully to jump out of the continent. Or so I thought the first time I was there. It loomed in fog. Green seas slammed against it and turned white. It was not a small rock. It was like a three-story building, standing in the Pacific, with brown pelicans on the roof. You could walk out on a ledge and look up through the fog at the pelicans. When you looked around and faced inland, you saw that you were at the base of a fifty-foot cliff, its lithology shattered beyond identification. A huge crack split the cliff from top to bottom and ran on out through the ledge and under the waves. After a five-hundred-mile northwesterly drift through southern and central California, this was where the San Andreas Fault intersected the sea. I went to Mussel Rock that foggy afternoon in 1978 with the geologist Kenneth Deffeyes. I have returned a number of times since, alone or in the company of others. With regard to the lithosphere, it’s a good place to sit and watch the plates move. It is a moment in geography that does your thinking for you. The San Andreas Fault, of course, is not a single strand. It is something like a wire rope, as much as half a mile wide, each strand the signature of one or many earthquakes. Mussel Rock is near the outboard edge of the zone. You cannot really say that on one side of the big crack is the North American Plate and on the other side is the Pacific Plate, but it’s tempting to do so. Almost automatically, you stand with one foot on each side and imagine your stride lengthening—your right foot, say, riding backward toward Mexico, your left foot in motion toward Alaska. There’s some truth in such a picture, but the actual plate boundary is not so sharply defined. Not only is the San Andreas of varying width in its complexity of strands, it is merely the senior fault in a large family of more or less parallel faults in an over-all swath at least fifty miles wide. Some of the faults are to the west and under the ocean; more are inland. Whether the plate boundary is five miles wide or fifty miles wide or extends all the way to central Utah is a matter that geologists currently debate. Nonetheless, there is granite under the sea off Mussel Rock that is evidently from the southern Sierra Nevada, has travelled three hundred miles along the San Andreas system, and continues to move northwest. As evidence of the motion of the plates, that granite will do. For an extremely large percentage of the history of the world, there was no California. That is, according to present theory. I don’t mean to suggest that California was underwater and has since come up. I mean to say that of the varied terranes and physiographic provinces that we now call California nothing whatever was there. The continent ended far to the east, the continental shelf as well. Where California has come to be, there was only blue sea reaching down some miles to ocean-crustal rock, which was moving, as it does, into subduction zones to be consumed. Ocean floors with an aggregate area many times the size of the present Pacific were made at spreading centers, moved around the curve of the earth, and melted in trenches before there ever was so much as a kilogram of California. Then, a piece at a time—according to present theory—parts began to assemble. An island arc here, a piece of a continent there—a Japan at a time, a New Zealand, a Madagascar—came crunching in upon the continent and have thus far adhered. Baja is about to detach. A great deal more may go with it. Some parts of California arrived head on, and others came sliding in on transform faults, in the manner of that Sierra granite west of the San Andreas. In 1906, the jump of the great earthquake—the throw, the offset, the maximum amount of local displacement as one plate moved with respect to the other—was something like twenty feet. The dynamics that have pieced together the whole of California have consisted of tens of thousands of earthquakes as great as that—tens of thousands of examples of what people like to singularize as “the big one”—and many millions of earthquakes of lesser magnitude. In 1914, Andrew Lawson, writing the San Francisco Folio of the Geologic Atlas of the United States, wistfully said, “Most of the faults are the expression of energies that have been long spent and are not in any sense a menace. It is, moreover, barely possible that stresses in the San Andreas fault zone have been completely and permanently relieved by the fault movement of 1906. ” Andrew Lawson—who named the San Andreas Fault—was a structural geologist of the first order, whose theoretical conclusions were as revered in his time as others’ are at present. For the next six decades in California, a growing population tended to imagine that the stresses were indeed gone—that the greatest of historic earthquakes (in this part of the fault) had relieved the pressure and settled the risk forever. In the nineteen-sixties, though, when the work of several scientists from various parts of the world coalesced to form the theory of plate tectonics, it became apparent—at least, to geologists—that those twenty feet of 1906 were a minuscule part of a shifting global geometry. The twenty-odd lithospheric plates of which the rind of the earth consists are nearly all in continual motion; in these plate movements, earthquakes are the incremental steps. Fifty thousand major earthquakes will move something about a hundred miles. After there was nothing, earthquakes brought things from far parts of the world to fashion California. Deffeyes and I had been working in Utah and Nevada, in the physiographic province of the Basin and Range. Now he was about to go east and home, and we wandered around San Francisco while waiting for his plane. Downtown, we walked by the Transamerica building, with its wide base, its high sides narrowing to a point, and other buildings immensely tall and straight. Deffeyes said, “There are two earthquake-resistant structures—the pyramids and the redwoods. These guys are working both sides of the street. ” The skyscrapers were new, in 1978. In an earthquake, buildings of different height would have different sway periods, he noted. They would “creak and groan, skin to skin. ” The expansion joints in freeways attracted his eye. He said they might open up in an earthquake, causing roadways to fall. He called the freeways “disposable—Kleenexes good for one blow. ” He made these remarks in the shadowy space of Second Street and Stillman, under the elevated terminus of Interstate 80, the beginnings of the San Francisco Skyway, the two-level structure of the Embarcadero Freeway, and so many additional looping ramps and rights-of-way that Deffeyes referred to it all as the Spaghetti Bowl. He said it was resting on a bog that had once surrounded a tidal creek. The multiple roadways were held in the air by large steel Ts. Deffeyes said, “It’s the engineer in a game against nature. In a great earthquake, the ground will turn to gray jello. Those Ts may uproot like tomato stakes. And that will seal everyone in town. Under the landfill, the preëxisting mud in the old tidal channel will liquefy. You could wiggle your feet a bit and go up to your knees. ” In 1906, the shaking over the old tidal channel that is now under the freeways was second in intensity only to the San Andreas fault zone itself, seven miles away. “Los Angeles, someday, will be sealed in worse than this, ” he continued. “In the critical hours after a great earthquake, they will be cut off from help, food, water. Take one piece out of each freeway and they’re through. ” In a rented pickup, we had entered California the day before, climbing the staircase of fault blocks west of Reno that had led the Donner Party to the crest of mountains named for snow. This was among the first of a series of journeys on and near Interstate 80 that I would be making in the company of geologists, for the purpose of describing not only the rock exposed in roadcuts—and the regional geologies into which the roadcuts would serve as windows—but also the geologists themselves. The result was meant to be a sort of cross-section of the United States at about the fortieth parallel, and a picture of the science. The writing would develop as four compositions, of which this is the fourth. The element controlling them—the subject that has shaped the over-all structure—has been plate tectonics. The scientific papers that effected the plate-tectonics revolution were published from 1959 to 1968. Much of what was written there was at first widely scorned. As I started out on my transcontinental journeys, in 1978, I wanted to see how the science was settling down with its new theory, and, as a continuing result of its revelations, what revisions would occur in the consensual biography of the earth. Plenty of other matters would be discussed, but that one was paramount. The developed structure has not been linear—not a straightforward trip from New York to San Francisco on the interstate. It began in New Jersey and then leaped to Nevada, because the tectonics in New Jersey two hundred million years ago are being recapitulated by the tectonics in Nevada today. While the progress was not linear in a geographic sense, thematically it was aimed at California. In California was the prow of the North American Plate—in these latitudes, the sliding boundary. California was also among the freshest acquisitions of the continent. So radical and contemporary were the regional tectonics that the highest and the lowest points in the contiguous United States were within eighty miles of each other in California. As nowhere else along the fortieth parallel in North America, this was where the new theory was announcing its agenda. Over the years, I would crisscross the country many times, revisiting people and places, yet the first morning with Deffeyes among the rocks of California retains a certain burnish, because it exemplified not only how abrupt the transition can be as you move from one physiographic province to another but also the jurisdictional differences in the world of the geologist. As we crossed the state line under a clear sky and ascended toward Truckee, we passed big masses of competent, blocky, beautiful rocks bright in their quartzes and feldspars and peppered with shining black mica. The ebullient Deffeyes said, “Come into the Sierra and commune with the granite. ” A bend or two later, his mood extending even to the diamond-shaped warnings at the side of the road, he said, “Falling-rock signs are always good news to us. ” Then a big pink-and-buff roadcut confused him. He said he thought it consisted of “young volcanics, ” but preferred to let it remain “mysterious for the moment. ” The moment stretched. Deffeyes is as eclectic as a geologist can become, a generalist of remarkable range, but his particular expertise—he wrote his dissertation in Nevada and has done much work there since—was fading in the distance behind him. Up the road was a metasediment in dark and narrow blocks going every which way, like jackstraws. Deffeyes got out of the pickup and put his nose on the outcrop, but he had an easier time identifying a bald eagle that watched him from an overhanging pine. “You need a new geologist, ” he said to me. We took a rock sample, washed our hands In melting snow, and ate a couple of sandwiches as we watched wet traffic with bright headlights come down from Donner Summit. Looking back to the cloudless Basin and Range and seeing what lay ahead for us, Deffeyes said, “Out of the rain shadow, into the rain. ” After we got up into the high country ourselves, some additional metasediment left him colder than the rain. “The time has come to turn you over to Eldridge Moores, ” he said. A few miles farther on, we came to a big, gravelly roadcut that looked like an ashfall, a mudflow, glacial till, and fresh oatmeal, imperfectly blended. “I don’t know what this glop is, ” he said, in final capitulation. “You need a new geologist. You need a Californian. ” Moores could be found on a one-acre farm in the Great Central Valley—in a tract surrounded on three sides by the vegetable-crop field labs of the University of California, Davis. Twenty years earlier, Davis had been an agricultural college, but it had since expanded in numerous directions to take its place beside Berkeley, attracting to the Geology Department, for example, such youthful figures of future reputation as the mantle petrologist Ian MacGregor and the paleobiologist Jere Lipps, not to mention the tectonicist Eldridge Moores. At one time and another in what now approaches fifteen years, Moores and I would not so much traverse California as go into it in both directions from the middle. We would hammer the outcrops of Interstate 80 from Nevada to San Francisco, reaching out to related rock even farther than Timbuctoo. Timbuctoo is in Yuba County. The better to understand California, I would follow him to analogous geological field areas in Macedonia and Cyprus—journeys much enhanced by his knowledge of modern Greek. He has read widely in Greek history as well as geologic history, and standing on the steps of the Parthenon he sounds like any other tour guide—recounting wars, explosions, orations, and stolen marbles—until he tells you where the hill itself arrived from, and when, and why the Greeks sited their temple on soluble rock that they knew to be riddled with caverns. Moores has been a counsellor through all my projects in geology, across which time our beards have turned gray. He and his wife, Judy, still live in their turn-of-the-century farmhouse, with its high ceilings, its old two-light windows, its pools of sun on cedar floors. Their children—who were five, eight, and eleven when I met them—are grown and gone. On each of two porches lie big chunks of serpentine—smooth as talc, mottled black and green. When you see rocks like that on a porch, a geologist is inside. In the living room is a framed montage of nine covers from Geology, a magazine introduced in the nineteen-seventies by the Geological Society of America and raised during the editorship of Eldridge Moores (1981-1988) to a level of world importance in the science. Moores is the sort of person who runs up flights of stairs circling elevator shafts, because elevators are so slow. He edited Geology while teaching full time and advancing his own widespread research. The montage was a gift to him from people at the G. S. A. It includes fumaroles in Iceland, dunes in southern Colorado, orange-hot lava on Kilauea, and a painting of a Triceratops being eaten alive by a Tyrannosaurus rex. In the heavens close above the struggling creatures is the Apollo Object—an asteroid, roughly six miles in diameter—that is believed to have collided with the earth and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. In the editor’s notes on the contents page, Moores referred to the painting “The Last Supper. ” There were outraged complaints from geologists. The centerpiece of the montage is a 1988 cover showing Moores on a coastal outcrop playing a cello. Moores grew up in Arizona’s central highlands, in a community so remote and sparse that it was called a camp. A very great distance from pavement, it was far up the switchbacks of a mountain ridge and among the open mouths of small, hard-rock mines. At the age of thirteen, he learned to play the cello, and he practiced long in the afternoons. The miners, his father included, could not understand why he would want to do that. Moores has played with symphony orchestras in Davis and Sacramento. The coastal outcrop on the cover of Geology is the brecciated limestone of Petra tou Romiou, Cyprus. Moores in the field has long since overcome the most obvious drawback of a cello. He travels with an instrument handcrafted in a workshop in Maryland. Essentially, it is just like any other cello but it has no belly. Neck, pegbox, fingerboard, bridge—everything from scroll to spike fits into a slim rectangular case wired to serve as an electronic belly. This is a Sherpa’s cello, a Chomolungma cello, a base-camp viol. In Moores’ living room is a grand piano. Still on a shelf behind it are the sheet-music boxes of his children, labelled “Brian Clarinet, ” “Brian Bassoon, ” “Kathryn Cello, ” “Geneva Piano, ” and “Geneva Violin, ” and three additional boxes labelled “Eldridge Cello, ” “Eldridge Cello and Piano, ” “Eldridge Cello Concertos and Trios. ” Judy grew up in farming country in Orange County, New York. On her California acre of the Great Valley she grows vegetables twelve months a year, and has also raised bush strawberries, grapes, blackberries, goats, pigs, chickens, pears, nectarines, plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, asparagus, ziziphus, figs, apples, persimmons, and pineapple guavas—but not so prolifically in recent years, because she has been working toward a Ph. D. in human development, and teaching in the Early Childhood Laboratory at U. C. Davis. She has worked in regional science centers since she was a teen-ager, and, with others, she founded one in Davis. School buses bring children there from sixty miles around to get their hands on spotting scopes, microscopes, oscilloscopes, and living snakes, on u-build-it skeletons, on take-apart anatomies and disassembled brains. Judy, trim and teacherly, puts her hands palms down on a table to show the interaction of lithospheric plates. Lithosphere is crustal rock and mantle rock down to a zone in the mantle that is lubricious enough to allow the plates to move. Thumbs tucked, fingers flat, the hands side by side, she presses them hard together until they buckle upward. The hands are two continents, or other landmasses, converging, colliding—making mountains. The Himalaya was made that way. Placing the hands flat again, she slowly moves them apart. These are two plates separating, one on either side of a spreading center. The Atlantic Ocean was made that way. She begins to slide one hand under the other. This is subduction. Ocean floors are consumed that way. Thumbs tucked, fingers flat, palms again side by side, she slides one hand forward, one back, the index fingers rubbing. This is the motion of a transform fault, a strike-slip fault—the San Andreas Fault. Parts of California have slid into present place that way. Convergent margins, divergent margins, transform faults: she has outlined the boundaries of the earth’s plates. There is enough complexity in tectonics to lithify the nimblest mind, but the basic mode] is that simple. Take your hands with you—she smiles—and you are ready for the mountains. When I first went into the Sierra with Judy’s husband, in 1978, he had an oyster-gray Volkswagen bus with a sticker on its bumper that said “Stop Continental Drift. ” I guess he thought that was funny. There were not a few geologists then who really would have stopped it in its tracks if they could have figured out a mechanism for doing so, but since no one knew then (or knows now) what drives the plates no one knew how to stop them. Plate tectonics had arrived in geology just about when Moores did, and—in his metaphor—he hit the beach in the second wave. He has called it “the realization wave”: when geologists began to see the full dimensions and implications of the new theory, and the research possibilities it afforded—a scientific revolution literally on a global scale. As long-established geologic concepts disintegrated under the advance of the new paradigm, people coming into geology in the nineteen-sixties realized what was being handed to them, and would carry its principles into every corner of the science, historically revising every corner of the world. Physiographic California, for much of its length, is divided into three parts. Where Interstate 80 crosses them, from Reno to San Francisco, they make a profile that is acutely defined: the Sierra Nevada, highest mountain range in the Lower Forty-eight; the Great Central Valley, essentially at sea level and very much flatter than Iowa or Kansas, and the Coast Ranges, a marine medley, still ascending from the adjacent sea. In this cross-section, the Coast Ranges occupy forty miles, the valley fifty miles, the mountains ninety. All of it added together is not a great distance. It is not as much as New York to Boston. It is Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. In breadth and in profile, a comparable country lies between Genoa and Zurich—the Apennines, the Po Plain, the Alps. An old VW bus is best off climbing the Sierra from the west. Often likened to a raised trapdoor, the Sierra has a long and planar western slope and—near the state line—a plunging escarpment facing east. The shape of the Sierra is also like an airfoil, or a woodshed, with its long sloping back and its sheer front. The nineteenth-century geologist Clarence King compared it to “a sea-wave”—a crested ocean roller about to break upon Nevada. The image of the trapdoor best serves the tectonics. Hinged somewhere beneath the Great Valley, and sharply faulted on its eastern face, the range began to rise only a very short geologic time ago—perhaps three million years, or four million years—and it is still rising, still active, continually at play with the Richter scale and occasionally driven by great earthquakes (Owens Valley, 1872). In geologic ages just before the uplift, volcanic andesite flows spread themselves over the terrain like butterscotch syrup over ice cream. Successive andesite flows filled in local landscapes and hardened flat upon them. As the trapdoor rises—as this immense crustal block, the Sierra Nevada, tilts upward—the andesite flows tilt with it, and to see them now in the roadcuts of the interstate is to see the angle of the uplift. Bear in mind how young all this is. Until the latter part of the present geologic era, there was no Sierra Nevada—no mountain range, no rain shadow, no ten-thousand-foot wall. Big rivers ran west through the space now filled by the mountains. They crossed a plain to the ocean. Remember about mountains: what they are made of is not what made them. With the exception of volcanoes, when mountains rise, as a result of some tectonic force, they consist of what happened to be there. If bands of phyllites and folded metasediments happen to be there, up they go as part of the mountains. If serpentinized peridotites and gold-bearing gravels happen to be there, up they go as part of the mountains. If a great granite batholith happens to be there, up it goes as part of the mountains. And while everything is going up it is being eroded as well, by water and (sometimes) ice. Cirques are cut, and U-shaped valleys, ravines, minarets. Parts tumble on one another, increasing, with each confusion, the landscape’s beauty. On the first of our numerous trips to the Sierra, Moores pulled over to the shoulder of the interstate to have a look at the outcrop that had frustrated Ken Deffeyes—the one that Deffeyes had identified as glop. It was sixteen miles west of Donner Summit, beside a bridge over the road to Yuba Gap. Moores in the field looks something like what Sigmund Freud might have looked like had Freud gone into geology. Above Moores’ round face and gray-rimmed glasses and diagnostic beard is a white, broad-brimmed, canvas fedora featuring a panama block. There are weather creases at the edges of his eyes. He typically wears plaid shirts, blue twill trousers, blue running shoes. On one hip is a notebook bag, on the other a Brunton compass in a cracked leather case. He is a chunky man with a long large chest and a short stretch between his hips and the terrain. From cords around his neck dangle two Hastings Triplets, the small and powerful lenses that geologists hold close to outcrops in order to study crystals. He did not need them to see what was incorporated in this massive paradox of glop. It contained jagged rock splinters and smoothly rounded pebbles as well. “It’s hard at first blush to tell that it’s mudflow and not wholly glacial, ” Moores said. “It is mostly andesite mudflow breccia with reworked stream gravel in it and glacial till on top, which appears to be moraine but is not. ” In the early Pliocene, a volcano grew into the range there. It has long since eroded away. Andesite lavas poured from the volcano. Lighter eruptive material settled around the crater. In the moist atmosphere, the volcano’s eruptions caused prolonged heavy rains. The water mobilized the unstable slopes. Volcanic muds—full of the sharp rock fragments that would cement together as breccia—slid into the country. In quiet periods between eruptions, streams flowing down the volcano tumbled some of the rock fragments, rounding pebbles. In recent time, alpine glaciers dug into the country and dozed away much of what was left of the volcano, and as the ice melted it left upon the brecciated mudflows heaps of lateral till. (“It is mostly andesite mudflow breccia with reworked stream gravel in it and glacial till on top, which appears to be moraine but is not. ”) All this had happened in one areal spot. All this was represented in that one roadcut. Anyone could be pardoned if, at first glance, the complete narrative seemed less than apparent. The story had repeated itself through much of the Sierra during the same band of time: other volcanoes extruding andesite and shedding mud, their remains disturbed by ice. It was a surface story, a latter-day account. The brecciated mudflows and andesite lavaflows had come to rest on rock that was older by as much as five hundred million years—rock with a deep and different story, rock that just happened to be there when the mountains rose. In the discipline of stratigraphy, gaps in time are known as unconformities. The layers of the Grand Canyon are full of such temporal gaps. Much more time is absent there than is represented. If a gap of five hundred million years were the right five hundred million years, it could erase the Grand Canyon. In eastern California, the infinitesimal space between the andesite flows and the rock on which they hardened is known as the Great Sierra Nevada Unconformity. To understand what that was and how it had come to be was to understand the relationship between just two of the parts in a millipartite structure. Moores and I went on to California’s eastern boundary, turned around, and recrossed the Sierra, as we would do repeatedly in the coming years. Climbing the steep east face of the mountains, you see granite and more granite and andesite capping the granite. So far so comprehensible. But before you have crossed the range you have seen rock of such varied type, age, and provenance that time itself becomes nervous—Pliocene, Miocene, Eocene nonmarine, Jurassic here, Triassic there, Ypresian, Lutetian, Tithonian, Rhaetian, Messinian, Maastrichtian, Valanginian, Kimmeridgian, upper Paleozoic. The rocks seem to change as fast as the traffic. You see olivine-rich, badly deformed metamorphic rock. You see serpentine. Gabbro. One thing follows another in a manner that seems random—a collection of relics from varied ages and many ancestral landscapes, transported from far or near, set beside or upon one another, lifted en masse in fresh young mountains and exposed in roadcuts by the state. You cannot be expected, just by looking at it, to fit it all together in mobile space and sequential time, to see in the congestion within this lithic barn—this Sierra Nevada, this atticful of objects from around the Pacific world—the events and the vistas that each item represents. Suppose you were to find in a spacious loft a whale-oil lamp of pressed lead glass. What would you think, know, guess, and wonder about the origin and the travels of that lamp? And suppose you were to find near it a Joseph Meeks laminated-rosewood chair, and an English silver porringer and stand, and an eight-lobed dish with birds in a flowering thicket. It is possible that you would not immediately think 1850, 1833, 1662, and 1620. It is possible that you would not envision the place in which each object was made or the milieu in which it was first used, and even more possible that you would not discern how or when any of these pieces moved through the world and came to be in this loft. You also see, lined up in close ranks, a Queen Anne maple side chair, a Federal mahogany shield-back side chair, a Chippendale shell-carved walnut side chair, and a William and Mary carved and caned American armchair. Stratigraphically, they are out of order. How did that happen? Why are they here? Only one thing is indisputable: this is some loft. Jammed to the trusses, it also contains a Queen Anne carved-mahogany block-front kneehole dressing table, a Hepplewhite mahogany-and-satinwood breakfront bookcase, a rosewood Neo-Gothic chair, an Empire mahogany step-back cupboard, and a Regency mahogany metamorphic library bergère. It contains a classical brass-mounted mahogany gilt wood-and-gesso bed with pressed-brass repoussé. It contains a Federal cherry-wood-and-bird’s-eye-maple bowfront chest of drawers, an early Victorian mahogany dining chair with a compressed balloon back, a Federal carved and inlaid curly-maple-and-walnut fall-front desk, a Windsor sackback writing armchair, and a Louis XV ormolu-mounted kingwood parquetry commode. There’s a temple bell dating to Auspicion Day of the fifth month of the first year of Tembrun. There’s a Federal carved-mahogany armchair with a cornucopian splat. Sort that out. Complete a title search for each piece. Tell each story backward through shifting space to differing points in time. Imagine the palace, the pavilion, the house, the hall for which each piece was fashioned, the climate and location of the country outside. Naturally, you can’t do that—not in a single reconnaissance. Don’t fret it. Don’t fret that you can’t see the story whole. You cannot tell whence each of these items has come, any more than its maker could have known where it would go. “Nature is messy, ” Moores remarked. “Don’t expect it to be uniform and consistent. ” I remembered the sedimentologist Karen Kleinspehn saying to me in these same mountains, “You can’t cope with this in an organized way, because the rocks aren’t organized. ” Gradually, though—outcrop to outcrop, roadcut to roadcut—Moores revived enough related scenes in the distinct origins of the random rock to frame a cohesive chronological story. That is what geologists do. “You spend a lot of time working over rocks and you have a lot of time to do nothing but think, ” he said. “These mountains, for example, are Tertiary normal faulted, confusing the topography with regard to structure. They show different levels of structure in different places. To see through the topography and see how the rocks lie in three dimensions beneath the topography is the hardest thing to get across to a student. ” After a mile of silence, he added cryptically, “Left-handed people do it better. ” I said nothing for a while, and then asked him, “Are you left-handed? ” He said, “I’m ambidextrous. ” As it happens, I am left-handed, but I kept it to myself. From the east, the climb is rapid to Donner Summit—less than thirty miles, and the road is not straight. Yet elsewhere along the Sierra front the rise is so much shorter and steeper that nothing on wheels could ever climb it. From the basin below (altitude four thousand feet), you bend your neck and look ten thousand feet up a granite mass that was lifted intact, whereas here, on the route above Reno, the “Tertiary normal faulting” that Moores referred to has tiered the escarpment and lowered the crestline as well. The early trappers found a native trail here. In all likelihood, the natives who made the trail were animals, followed, in time, by people. Under ponderosas and Western cedars at the Nevada-California line, the granite reveals itself and then is quickly gone, as the roadside rock becomes something like dark cordwood, fallen in columnar blocks. This is the caprock andesite, which cracks into columns as it cools. Another five miles, and the interstate moves through a long cut that is buff, gray, buff, gray, and buff again as lavaflows and mudflows intersperse. Perhaps a hundred thousand years separate the lavaflows, while the laminating muds come ten times as often. The volcanic cap over the granite is still a kilometre thick here. Among the trees are erratic boulders—granite boulders out of place on the andesite, transported a few thousand years ago by a descending ribbon of ice. Three miles before the summit, the granite reappears, not in ice-transported bits but in bedrock at the side of the road. And then more granite, under Jeffrey pines—weathered granite, light and sparkling sliced granite. It ends abruptly, at a contact with andesite. This particular granite had been sitting here eroding quietly for maybe ninety million years when the andesite lava flowed upon it, coating hills and filling valleys, plastering over the granitic terrain, concealing and preserving a Miocene landscape. Differentially, randomly, erosion has eaten through the cap rock. So the road encounters both formations. Granite reappears at the summit. Donner Summit, at seven thousand two hundred and thirty-nine feet, is half the height of the range. Locally, engineers found a way for the interstate which is considerably less precipitous than the trail used by the emigrants in the eighteen-forties. The place that came to be known as Donner Pass is a couple of miles south, on a relic stretch of U. 40. Moores and I once went over there and stood on a cliff edge, looking east. Tens of thousands of square miles of basin-and-range topography fanned out into Nevada, all of it aimed, within converging lines, at the pass. The drop to Donner Lake, more than a thousand feet below, was almost giddy. To get over the pass, everything on feet or wheels had to come up that grade. In a normal year, about seventy inches of water falls on the High Sierra, nearly all of it as snow. Seventy inches of water is roughly one and a half times what falls on New York City and twice what falls on Seattle. The snow on the Sierra Nevada can be forty feet deep. At the end of October, 1846, the Donner Party came up to this pass and were forced to retreat by a mountain of snow. The winter camp where they starved and died was by the shore of Donner Lake, in the cirque below the pass. In deep winter, I have stayed near Donner Lake in a ski condo where a previous guest left a peevish note: “The peace and beauty are marred by a noisy refrigerator and heating unit. ” Now, in midsummer, there were, around the pass, spreads of tenacious snow. A bicyclist, standing as he pumped but scarcely puffing, came up the route of the emigrants. Seating himself as he reached the zenith, he coasted on to the west. To the east, the deep gulf of scenery that he had come out of owed itself less to the finishing touches of ice than to large parallel north-south faults that had lowered a large piece of country—a crustal block, dropped between two other crustal blocks, and now a graben. Lake Tahoe, south across a partitioning ridge from Donner Lake, lies in the same graben. The small lake and the large one would be connected but for a recent pouring of andesite, which formed the ridge. Moores said to notice how the mechanical lowering of a large piece of the mountains had caused varying levels of the original structure to turn up in unexpected places. To try to sense a structure, he repeated, one must develop a talent for “seeing through the topography” and into the rock on which the topography was carved. When rocks in their variety arrive in a given place, like furniture going into storage, they hold within themselves their individual histories: their dates of solidification, their environments of deposition, or their metamorphic experience, as the case may be. Their unit-to-unit relationship—their stratigraphy and other juxtapositions—pondered as a whole is structure. Structure on the move is tectonics. When topography is as beautiful as at Donner Pass, it is not an easy matter to see through it, but if you’re looking for structure you might start with the granite. In all the country from Nevada to the pass, the volcanic cap makes its appearances, but always as veneer—eroding everywhere, opening windows, and ultimately suggesting the bewildering mass of the underlying granite. This is the Sierra batholith. Geologists reserve that term for the largest bodies of magmatic rock. A batholith, as defined in the science, has a surface of at least forty square miles and no known bottom. For the latter reason, it is also called an abyssolith. The one in California has a surface of about twenty-five thousand square miles. It lies inside the Sierra like a big zeppelin. Geologists in their field boots mapping outcrops may not have been able to find a bottom, but geophysicists can, or think they can, and they say it is six miles down. If so, the batholith weighs a quadrillion tons, and its volume is at least a hundred and fifty thousand cubic miles. It reminds me of a big rigid airship because the rigids contained, within their metal frames, rows of giant bags that resembled aerial balloons. Batholiths develop not as single chambers of magma but as contiguous balloons of molten rock called plutons. As red-hot rising fluid, the great Sierra batholith came into the country in successive pulses during a hundred and thirty million years between early Jurassic and latest Cretaceous time. There were three peak periods—the first nearly two hundred million years before the present, the second at a hundred and forty million years before the present, and the third at eighty. The most extensive is the “80 pulse. ” All this went on some ten to thirty kilometres below the earth’s surface, where continental crust and subducting ocean crust (coming under the continent) were melting. Through Maastrichtian time and nearly all the Cenozoic epochs, the cooled and cooling magma lay buried. The topography above changed and changed again, like a carrousel of slides. And eventually, recently, the batholith came up, to serve as the lithic medium for the erosive sculpting of Olancha Peak, of Wheeler Peak, of Mt. Whitney. Dark cliffs above Donner Pass were Pliocene volcanics, but the rock beside the trail was granite—poetically weathered organic billows of granite. There were small black shapes within it, like raisins. Thousands of them. Alien pebbles. These were bits of the country rock that the batholith intruded. They had fallen into the magma while it was still molten or, if cooler than that, sufficiently yielding to be receptive. They had been softened and rounded but not melted and destroyed. On Interstate 80 west of Donner Summit, we saw larger chips of such metasediment in the granite of the roadcuts. Another mile, and they were larger still. Moores referred to them as “abundant xenoliths—Jura-Triassic pieces of the wall or the roof. ” These were not the andesites and other outpourings that had been spread upon the granite in fairly recent times; these were parts of the intruding batholith’s containing walls or roof. They had fallen into the soft granite eighty million years ago, and, before that, had been crustal rock for something like a hundred million years. In the interstate median, under Jeffrey pines, were bedrock outcrops that had been scoured and polished by overriding ice eleven thousand years ago. There were plenty of erratic boulders. For eleven miles after Donner Summit, the xenoliths in the granite increased in volume until what we had first seen as pebbles were now the size of bears. To sense the implication of what was coming, a structural geologist would need no further sign. We were fast approaching the wall of the batholith—the magma’s contact with the country rock. That highway engineers would blast out a roadcut at just such a place is fortuitous, a matter of random chance, but when Ken Deffeyes and I had come into this same right-hand bend he had shouted, “Whoa! Whoa! Pullover! ” And a moment later he was saying, “This is the best outcrop on all of I-80. You can walk up and touch the wall of the great batholith. ” Moores now called it “about as classic and neat a contact as you’ll ever see. ” As cars shot past us like MIGs, he added, “Right here. Bang! ” The contact was essentially vertical. It ran on up the mountainside and vanished under the trees. It could not have been more distinct had it been the line between a granite building and a brick building adjacent in a city. The granite of the batholith looked almost white beside the reddish country rock, which Moores described as the metamorphosed remains of what had once been an island arc. The granite was customary, competent—a lot of salt and less pepper. The arc rock was flaky, slaty-like aged iron in a state of ulcerated rust. In the first yards after the contact, tongues of granite reached into the country rock, preserved in the act of eating xenoliths. Within a short distance, they gave up. As the rock ran on in the long continuous cut, it turned black, burgundy, buff, and green, in vertical stripes, in tight drape folds with long limbs. Obviously, it had been caught up—before the arrival of the batholith—not in some minor local slumpage but in a regional and pervasive tectonic event. With two more miles, the story again made a radical change, as we came to a roadcut of gabbro. Charcoal-gray and sparkling, it was perfect gabbro. There are rich, handsome houses on the Upper East Side of Manhattan that are made of less perfect gabbro. Gabbro, too, is cooled magma. Lacking quartz, it is at the dark end of a spectrum the light end of which is, for the most part, granite. Peridotite—the rock of the earth’s mantle—was in the roadcut as well, and Moores said that in his opinion these mafics and ultramafics (rocks low in silica and high in magnesium and iron) arrived after the event that had drapefolded the rock up the road and before the intrusion of the batholith. As we moved on, the gabbro-peridotite interdigitated with granite and then disappeared as the road once again descended into the Sierra batholith. After corridors of granite, there were more volcanics, in the topographic scramble of structure. When panoramic views came along, they showed the uniformity of the sixty-mile slope—the low-angle plane of the western Sierra. The great surface (the top of the trapdoor) was completed in the eye rather than the rock. It was deeply eaten out by river gorges. To the north and the south, the vistas were wide over deep valleys to tilting planar skylines. We came to Emigrant Gap, where the erosional dissection was particularly deep. Nineteen miles from Donner Pass, the scene demonstrated with emphasis that once emigrants were across the summit they were scarcely free of trouble. From Emigrant Gap into Bear Valley they lowered their wagons on ropes. We looked into the valley, where an alpine meadow was flanked with incense cedars. Above it to the north, under the smoothly sloping skyline, were west-dipping sediments that Moores described as mudflow breccias over Paleozoic sandstones. A deep gorge cut through this ridge. It contained the Yuba River, where the Yuba had captured the Bear. The two rivers, each eroding headward from opposite sides of the ridge, had struggled toward each other until the divide between them broke down, and the Bear, giving up its direction of flow, joined the Yuba and went the other way. To the northeast, under high white peaks, was a lake gouged in granite by an alpine glacier, which had left its moraines on the volcanic muds among the sharp shards and round pebbles that had caused Deffeyes to throw in his towel. Rocks between us and that lake, Moores said, were “lower Paleozoic quartz-rich sediments metamorphosed and folded at least twice. ” And the rocks in the peaks above the lake were remains of a Jurassic island arc. Moores spoke reflectively “of “the joy of being alone with the geology, ” of spending enough time walking such a scene to learn how some of it fits together, and then adding what you can to the scientific literature, “which is not like a solo but like an orchestral piece. ” To Moores, what had happened to create California where no surviving rock had been before was much in evidence in the scene around us, as it had been in the rocks we saw along the road. As terrane—a homonym that refers not merely to surface configurations but to a full three-dimensional piece of the earth’s crust—this region had become known in geology as Sonomia. It reached from the Sonoma Range in central Nevada to the Sierra foothills west of where we stood. As plate theorists reconstruct plate motions backward through time, they see landmasses converging to form superterranes and breaking apart to form new continents. Swept up in these great events are islands and island arcs—Newfoundlands, Madagascars, New Zealands, Sumatras, Japans—that slide in or collide in toward continental cores. They become the outermost laminations of new landscapes. When terranes coming via the ocean attach themselves to a continent, they are said to have “docked. ” Never shy about metaphors, geologists refer to the docking place as a “suture. ” At the end of Permian time, in the narrative according to present theory, Sonomia docked against western North America. The suture is on the longitude where Golconda, Nevada, is now. For a century or so before plate tectonics, the obviously overriding rock was known as the Golconda Thrust. It was an event that happened about two hundred and fifty million years before the present. Sonomia was an island arc. North to south, Moores said, it might have stretched two thousand miles. It brought with it those Paleozoic sandstones above Bear Valley and the quartz-rich sediments we could also see to the northeast. Volcanoes grew in the newly docked terrane. Bits of them would become the xenoliths in the granites of the summit. Along the western margin of Sonomia, where ocean crust was subducting in a trench, more volcanoes developed. Their rock was in peaks above us. Roughly where we stood, a coastal region of exceptional beauty had lain at the base of the volcanoes. Stratovolcanoes. Kilimanjaros and Fujis. Sonomia was actually the second terrane to attach itself to the western edge of ancestral North America. The first had arrived in latest Devonian time. It had thrust itself almost to Utah. At this latitude, a third terrane would follow Sonomia in the Mesozoic, smashing into it with crumpling, mountain-building effects that would propagate eastward through the whole of Sonomia, metamorphosing its sediments—turning siltstones into slates, sandstones into quartzites—and folding them at least twice: the multicolored drape folds we had seen beside the road. This was the country rock the batholith intruded. A granite batholith will not appear just anywhere. You will wait an eternity for one to develop under Kansas. A great tectonic event must come first. Then granite—or, rather, the magma that will cool and produce granite—comes in beneath the mountains. Volcanoes appear at the surface. Lava flows. To create the magma, you must in some way melt the bottom of the crust. Subduction—one plate sliding beneath another—will cause things to melt. And so will a collision that compresses and thickens terrane. After a continent-to-continent collision, the crust might double; a batholith will come up within thirty million years. In deep burial, the heat from such radioactive and universal elements as uranium, potassium, and thorium is trapped. The heat increases until the rocks melt themselves and their surroundings. Granite should be forming under Tibet at present, where India has hit the Eurasian Plate in a collision that is not yet over. Under California, both thickened crust and plate-under-plate subduction contributed to the making of the batholith, at first after Sonomia came in and sutured on and deformed itself, and again after Sonomia was hit from the west and further deformed. The Sierra batholith is melted crust of oceanic origin as well as continental. Most of the world’s great batholiths are not quite true granite but edge on down the darkening spectrum and, strictly speaking, are granodiorite. Too strictly for me. But that is the rock of the High Sierra, which almost everyone refers to as granite. After the batholith came nothing during the many millions of years of the Great Sierra Nevada Unconformity. At any rate, nothing from those years was left for us to see. The rock record jumps from the batholith to the andesite flows of recent time, patches of which Moores pointed out from the lookoff at Emigrant Gap. A few million years ago, when lands to the east of us began to stretch apart and break into blocks, producing the province of the Basin and Range, the Sierra Nevada was the westernmost block to rise, lifting within itself the folds and faults of the Mesozoic dockings, the roots of mountains that had long since disappeared. The chronology at Emigrant Gap ends with the signatures of glaciation on the new mountains—the bestrewn boulders and dumped tills, the horns, the arêtes, the deep wide U of the Bear Valley. I remarked that geologists are like dermatologists: they study, for the most part, the outermost two per cent of the earth. They crawl around like fleas on the world’s tough hide, exploring every wrinkle and crease, and try to figure out what makes the animal move. Moores said he begged to differ. He said the whole earth is involved in plate tectonics. The earthquake slips of subducting plates could be read as deep as five hundred miles, and seismic data were now indicating that the plates’ cold ocean-crustal slabs descend all the way to the core-mantle boundary. Bumps on the core may be related to the activity of hot spots like Hawaii, Yellowstone, and Iceland. He said he wouldn’t call that dermatology. Since Moores had learned geology in the late nineteen-fifties and early nineteen-sixties, when the theory of plate tectonics was still in a formative unheralded stage, I asked him what he had been taught. How had his teachers at the California Institute of Technology explained—in what is now known as “the old geology”—the building of mountains, the rise of volcanoes, the construction of North America west of Salt Lake? Geologists used to accept the idea that the earth’s skin contracted, he said—“shrivelled up like the skin of an apple” was the favorite simile—and the wrinkles were mountains. This was said to have happened in different places at differing times, and the wrinkling process was known as an orogeny. The rise of the mountains in Utah and Nevada, where that first exotic terrane came in, was known in the old geology as the Antler Orogeny. The next wrinkling of the regional skin was the Sonoma Orogeny. The Appalachians were built in the Avalonian, Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghenian Orogenies. The Rockies were built in the Laramide Orogeny. Mountain-building mechanisms have been restyled, but these terms for them survive. If wrinkling was the force that lifted mountain belts, it did not explain their great volume. In the second half of the nineteenth century, James Hall, the state geologist of New York, theoretically resolved that question when he conceived of what came to be called the geosynclinal cycle, and so put in place the geology that prevailed until 1968, when plate tectonics was nailed to the church door. Since mountain belts tended to rise at the margins of continents and to contain, among other things, folded marine sediments and intruding batholiths, Hall imagined a long wide seafloor trough, a deep dimple, in which vast amounts of sediment would pile up and where magmas would intrude. After a sufficient amount of material had collected, it was ready to rise, to wrinkle as mountains. Wary of the apple-skin hypothesis, many geologists preferred to think that as a geosyncline gained weight it would press down on the mantle until its volume was so great that it would rebound isostatically, like a huge buoyant log coming up from underwater. Wary of isostasy as well, many more geologists would not venture further than to say (indisputably) that “earth forces” or “orogenic forces” had lifted the geosynclines, and that these forces were “not well understood. ” The geosyncline, like any admirable and serviceable fiction, contained a lot of truth. From stratigraphy to structure, geology was understood in terms of geosynclines for about a hundred years. You found gold with your knowledge of geosynclines. You found silver, antimony, and oil. You started conceptually with a geosyncline and projected events forward in time until you saw the geosyncline shuffled up in the mountains before you. Or you started with the mountains, disassembled them in your mind, and made palinspastic reconstructions, backward in time, as far as the geosyncline. The entire procedure—from the making of rock to the making of mountains to the destruction of mountains to the making of fresh formations of rock—was the geosynclinal cycle. Inevitably, the concept was improved, refined, unsimplified. The archetypical geosyncline was deep in the middle and shallow at the sides, and grew different kinds of rocks in various places. The German tectonicist Hans Stille proposed the names miogeosyncline and eugeosyncline for the shallows and the deeps. The vocabulary was universally accepted. Miogeosynclines were the source of shallow-water sediments (limestone, for example) and no volcanics. In the eugeosynclines, volcanism occurred, and deep-water sediments, like chert, collected. In the twentieth century, as the science matured and thickened, mio- and eu- became inadequate to prefix all the differing synclinal scenes that new generations of geonovelists were describing. The germinant term was soon popping like corn. The professional conversation came to include parageosynclines, orthogeosynclines, taphrogeosynclines, leptogeosynclines, zeugogeosynclines, paraliageosynclines, and epieugeosynclines. Moores had entered Caltech in 1955. “In the old geology, one learned of the eugeosyncline and miogeosyncline of western North America, which started in the late Precambrian and went through the Cretaceous, ” he said, in recapitulation. “Rock deformed by orogeny—folding and thrusting—from the center of the eugeosyncline out toward the continental shelf. The mechanism was ‘orogenic forces. ’ Here in the Sierra, for example, you had a eugeosyncline and a miogeosyncline, and the eugeosyncline was thrust on the miogeosyncline. And that was the Golconda Thrust. No one knew how this orogeny happened. If California rock was disassembled on paper and palinspastically reassembled as the original geosyncline, there were shallow-water sediments followed by deep-water material, but there was no other side. “That was never explained, ” Moores went on. “Also, the geosynclinal cycle was said to be about two hundred million years. In the Overthrust Belt in Montana, forty thousand feet of Precambrian sediment had been thrust over Cretaceous sediment. As students, we wondered why all that Precambrian was still there. What had the source geosyncline been doing sitting there for a billion years when the cycle was two hundred million? There was no answer. ” Hall’s idea was not preposterous. It was incomplete. There was, after all, marine rock in mountains. Between the geosyncline and the mountains, though, something was missing, and what was missing was plate tectonics. We continued west from Emigrant Gap through cuts in unsorted glacial till, buff and bouldery, and past the many blue doors of the pink garage of the Transportation Department’s mountain center for snowplows and road maintenance, situated, with its cavalry of trucks, within a slowly moving earthflow, a creeping descent of unstable moraine, a sedate landslide. “The engineers strike again, ” Moores said, but in scarcely three miles his contempt went into a subduction zone, melted, and came back up as appreciation for a long high competent roadcut that exposed bright beds of rhyolite tuff. Twenty-nine million years ago, this air-fall ash came out of a volcano in what is now Nevada, he said, as he pulled over to the side of the road, got out, and put his nose on the engineered outcrop. While he examined the tuff through his hand lens, an eighteen-wheeler that had also come from Nevada was smoking down the mountain grade. Its brakes were furiously burning, and emitted a dark cloud. Long after the truck had gone, the cloud hung stinking in the air. The ash had been launched in several eruptive episodes. Blown west, it had landed hot, and had welded solid in successive bands. Here, more than sixty miles from the source volcano, a single ashfall was more than a metre thick. The ash had settled, of course, horizontally. Having risen with the Sierra, it was now tilting west. We descended past the four-thousand-foot contour, moving on among volcanic rocks five times older than the tuff and of more proximate origin: rock of the Sonomia Terrane altered in the heat and pressure of the assembly of California and weathered along the interstate into an abstract medley of red and orange and buff and white. Now thirty miles west of Donner Summit, we were well into the country rock of California gold—the rock that was there when, in various ways, the gold itself arrived. The most obvious place to look for it was in fluviatile placers—the rubble of running streams. In such a setting it had been discovered. Placer, which is pronounced like Nasser and Vassar, was a Spanish nautical term meaning “sandbank. ” More commonly, it meant “pleasure. ” Both meanings seem relevant in the term “placer mining, ” for to separate free gold from loose sand is a good deal easier than to crack it out of hard rock. Some of the gold in the running streams of the western Sierra was traceable to the host formations from which it had eroded—traceable, for example, to nearby quartz veins that had grouted ancient fissures. Within two years of the discovery of gold in river gravel, gunpowder was blasting the hard-rock fissures. Into the quiet country of the low Sierra—between the elevations of one thousand and four thousand feet—gold seekers spread more rapidly than an explosion of moles. Their technology was as rampant as they were, and in its swift development anticipated the century to come. In 1848, the primary instrument for mining gold was a sheath knife. You pried yellow metal out of crevices. Within a year or two, successively, came the pan, the rocker, the long tom, and the sluice—variously invented, reinvented, and introduced. There was also a third source of gold. It was found in dry gravel far above existing streams—on high slopes, sometimes even on ridges. The gravel lay in discontinuous pods. Geologists, with their dotted lines, would eventually connect them. In cross-section, they were hull-shaped or V-shaped, and in some places the deposits were more than a mile wide. They had the colors of American bunting: they were red to the point of rutilance, and white as well, and, in their lowest places, navy blue. They were the beds of fossil rivers, and the rivers were very much larger than the largest of the living streams of the Sierra. They were Yukons, Eocene in age. Fifty million years before the present, they had come down from the east off a very high plateau to cross low country that is now California and leave their sorted bedloads on a tropical coastal plain. Forty million years later, when the Sierra Nevada rose as a block tilting westward, it lifted what was left of that coastal plain. It included the beds of the Eocene rivers, which were fated to become so celebrated that they would be known in world geology less often as “the Eocene riverbeds of California” than as, simply, “the auriferous gravels. ” Fore-set, bottom-set, point bar to cutbank, under the suction eddies—gold in varying assay was everywhere you looked within the auriferous gravels: ten cents a ton in the high stuff, dollars a ton somewhat lower, concentrated riches in the deep “blue lead. ” To separate gold from gravel, you wash it. But you don’t wash a bone-dry enlofted Yukon with the flow of little streams bearing names like Shirt Tail Creek. Mining the auriferous gravels was the technological challenge of the eighteen-fifties. The miners impounded water in the high country, then brought it to the gravels in ditches and flumes. In five years, they built five thousand miles of ditches and flumes. From a ditch about four hundred feet above the bed of a fossil river, water would come down through a hose to a nozzle, from which it emerged as a jet at a hundred and twenty miles an hour. The jet had the diameter of a dinner plate and felt as hard. If you touched the water near the nozzle, your fingers were burned. This was hydraulic artillery. Turned against gravel slopes, it brought them down. In a contemporary account, it was described as “washing down the auriferous hills of the gravel range” and mining “the dead rivers of the Sierra Nevada. ” A hundred and six million ounces of gold—a third of all the gold that has ever been mined in the United States—came from the Sierra Nevada. A quarter of that was flushed out by hydraulic mining. The dry bed of an Eocene river carries Interstate 80 past Gold Run. The roadside records the abrupt change. As if you were swinging off a riverbank and dropping into the water, you go out of the metavolcanic rock and into the auriferous gravels. We stopped, stood on the shoulder, and looked about a hundred feet up an escarpment that resembled an excavated roadcut but had not been excavated by highway engineers. It was capped by a mat of forest floor, raggedly overhanging. The forest, if you could call it that, was a narrow stand of ponderosas, above an understory of manzanita with round fleshy leaves and dark-red bark. The auriferous gravels were russet, and were full of cobbles the size of tomatoes—large stones of long transport by a most impressive river. To the south, across the highway, the scene dropped off into a deep mountain valley. The near end of the valley was three hundred feet below the trees above us. The far end of the valley was nearly twice as deep. A mile wide, this was a valley that had not been a valley when wagons first crossed the Sierra. All of it had been water-dug by high-pressure hoses. It was man-made landscape on a Biblical scale. The stand of ponderosas at the northern rim was on the level of original ground. The interstate was on a bench more than halfway up the gravel. Above us, behind the trees, were the tracks of the Southern Pacific. In the eighteen-sixties, when the railroad (then known as the Central Pacific) was about to work its way eastward across the mountains, it secured the rights to this ground before the nozzles reached it. Moores and I made our way up to the tracks, where the view to the north was over a hosed-out valley nearly as large as the one to the south, and bordered by white hydraulic cliffs. The railroad, with the interstate clinging to its hip, ran across a septum of the old terrain, an isthmus in the excavation, an unmined causeway hundreds of feet high made of gravel and gold. This was the country of Iowa Hill, Lowell Hill, Poverty Hill, Poker Flat, Dutch Flat, Red Dog, You Bet, Yankee Jim’s, Gouge Eye, Michigan Bluff, and Humbug City. It was the country of five hundred camps that sprang up for many dozens of miles to the north and south of the present route of I-80. For a year or two, it had been a center of world news, and for some decades had clanged with industry. Now, in the dry air, nothing was stirring, not even a transcontinental freight. But looking down the two sides into the artificial valleys you could almost hear the waterjets and the caving slide of gravel. Poverty Hill yielded four million dollars’ worth of gold. You Bet yielded three. Humbug City got its name from a lack of confidence in the claims there, but when five million dollars came out of forty million cubic yards of flushed-away ground the name was changed to North Bloomfield. The water-dug valleys below the ground where we stood had yielded six million dollars in gold. Yankee Jim was an Australian. A red-dog bank was a savings-and-loan ahead of its time. It issued notes in excess of its ability to redeem them. Across most of the Sierra, Interstate 80 runs close by the line of two counties—Placer and Nevada—whIch together produced five hundred and sixty million dollars in gold. Translated into modern values, that would be five billion. Yankee Jim was hanged in his eponymous town. The ancient riverbed beneath us evidently passed through Gold Run, picked up a fossil tributary coming in through Dutch Flat, and went off to the northwest via Red Dog and You Bet. Before human beings appeared on earth, glacial ice and modern streams and other geologic agents had obliterated large parts of the Eocene river system. People had come near eliminating the rest. “Man is a geologic agent, ” Moores said, with a glance that swept the centennial valleys. Erosion occurs, for the most part, in what geologists call catastrophic events—hurricanes, rockslides, raging floods—and in that category full credentials belonged to hydraulic mining, for scouring out and taking away thirteen thousand million cubic yards of the Sierra. I remember Moores rapping his geologic hammer on an outcrop of olivine in northern Greece. He was drawn to the rock for academic reasons, but he remarked that it might be gone before long, because of its use in a brick that is resistant to very high temperatures. I asked him how he felt about being in a profession that calls attention to the olivine that people tear up mountainsides to take away. He said, “Schizophrenic. I grew up in a mining family, a mining town, and when I got out of there I had had it with mining. Now I am a member of the Sierra Club. But you have to face the fact that if you are going to have an industrial society you must have places that will look terrible. Other places you set aside—to say, ‘This is the way it was. ’ ” I remember him referring to the same disease in response to my asking him, one day in Davis, what effect his professionally developed sense of geologic time had had upon him. He said, “It makes you schizophrenic. The two time scales—the one human and emotional, the other geologic—are so disparate. But a sense of geologic time is the most important thing to get across to the non-geologist: the slow rate of geologic processes—centimetres per year—with huge effects if continued for enough years. A million years is a small number on the geologic time scale, while human experience is truly fleeting—all human experience, from its beginning, not just one lifetime. Only occasionally do the two time scales coincide. ” When they do, the effects can be as lasting as they are pronounced. The human and the geologic time scales intersect each time an earthquake is felt by people. They intersect when mining, of any kind, begins. After 1848, when the two time scales intersected in the gold zone of the western Sierra, California was populated so rapidly that it became a state without ever being a territory. As the attraction diminished, newcomers ricocheted eastward, in sunburst pattern—to Idaho, to Arizona, to Nevada, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado—finding zinc, lead, copper, silver, and gold, and transmogrifying the West in a manner more pervasive than the storied transition from bison to cattle. The event of 1848 in California led directly to the discovery of gold in Australia (after an Australian miner who rushed to the Sierra saw auriferous facsimiles of New South Wales). By 1865, at the end of the American Civil War, seven hundred and eighty-five million dollars had come out of the ground in California, making a difference—possibly the difference—in the Civil War. The early Californian John Bidwell, an emigrant of 1841, expressed this in his memoirs: It is a question whether the United States could have stood the shock of the great rebellion of 1861 had the California gold discovery not been made. Bankers and business men of New York in 1864 did not hesitate to admit that but for the gold of California, which monthly poured its five or six millions into that financial center, the bottom would have dropped out of everything. These timely arrivals so strengthened the nerves of trade and stimulated business as to enable the government to sell its bonds at a time when its credit was its life-blood and the main reliance by which to feed, clothe, and maintain its armies. Once our bonds went down to thirty-eight cents on the dollar. California gold averted a total collapse and enabled a preserved Union to come forth from the great conflict. Moores and I returned to the shoulder of the interstate and walked along the auriferous escarpment. The stream-rounded gravels, asparkle with quartz, are so compactly assembled there that they suggest the pebbly surface of a wide-wide screen. One does not need a director, a film, or rear projection to look into the bright stones and see the miners in motion: the four thousand who are in the region by the end of ’48, the hundred and fifty thousand who follow in the years to 1884. With the obvious exception of the natives, no one is as sharply stricken by the convergences of time as Johann Augustus Sutter. He has come into a scene in which gold is unsuspected—this blue-eyed, blond and ruddy, bankrupt Swiss drygoods merchant, with his broad-brimmed hat and his broader belly and his exceptionally creative dream. He is thirty-six years old. He envisions a wilderness fiefdom—less than a kingdom but more than a colony—with himself as a kind of duke. On a ship called Clementine, he arrives in Monterey in 1839, accompanied by ten Hawaiians and an Indian boy once owned by Kit Carson and sold to Sutter for a hundred dollars. The Mexican government, which seeks some sort of buffer between coastal California and the encroaching United States, grants him, on an incremental schedule, a hundred thousand acres of land. Sailing around San Francisco Bay, he spends a week hunting for the mouth of the Sacramento River. Soon after he finds it, there is a collection of Hawaiian grass huts on what is now Twenty-seventh Street, in a section of downtown Sacramento still called New Helvetia. He has cannons. He builds a fort, with walls three feet thick. He does not overlook a dungeon. A roof slopes in above peripheral chambers to frame a parade ground of two acres. Sutter’s goal is to develop an independent agricultural economy, and he prospers. He has a gristmill. He brings in cattle and builds a tannery. He hires weavers and makes textiles. He widens his fields of grain, and draws plans for a second gristmill. He attracts many people. He issues passports. One of the attracted people is James Wilson Marshall, of Lambertville, New Jersey, a mechanic-carpenter-wheelwright-coachmaker who is experienced as a sawyer. Sutter sees possibilities in cutting lumber and floating it to San Francisco. Meanwhile, he needs boards for the new gristmill. He sends Marshall up the American River to a small valley framed in canyons and backed by a mountainside of sugar pines. Like many handsome moments in Western scenery, this one is prized by the natives, who think it is theirs. A bend in the river touches the mountains. Marshall lays a millrace across the bend. He sees “blossom” in the stream gravel and remarks that he suspects the presence of metal. A sawyer asks him, “What do you mean by ‘blossom’? ” Marshall says, “Quartz. ” As the sawmill nears completion, its wheel is too low. Water is ponding around it. The best correction is to deepen the tailrace down through the gravel to bedrock. Yalesumni tribesmen help dig out the tailrace, where, early in the morning of January 24, 1848, Marshall picks up small light chips that may not be stone. Having some general knowledge of minerals, I could not call to mind more than two which in any way resembled this— sulphuret of iron, very bright and brittle; and gold, bright, yet malleable; I then tried it between two rocks, and found that it could be beaten into a different shape, but not broken. He sets it on glowing coals, and he boils it in lye. The substance shows no change. Carrying a folded cloth containing flakes the size of lentils, Marshall journeys to New Helvetia, and insists that he and Sutter talk behind a locked door. Sutter pours aquafortis on the flakes. They are unaffected. Sutter gets out his Encyclopedia Americana and looks under G. Using an apothecary’s scales, he and Marshall are soon balancing the flakes with an equal weight of silver. Now they lower the scales into water. If the flakes are gold, their specific gravity will exceed the specific gravity of the silver. Underwater, the scales tip, and Marshall’s flakes go down. Sutter at once can see the future and is dismayed by the look of it. Who will work in his sawmill if gold lies in the stream beside it? Who will complete the gristmill? What will become of his New Helvetia, his field-and-forest canton, his discrete world, his agrarian dream? He and Marshall agree to urge others to keep the discovery a local if not total secret until the mills are finished. Coincidentally in Mexico (that is, only five days after Marshall’s visit to Sutter), Nicholas P. Trist, American special agent, who has defied orders recalling him to Washington and pressed on with negotiations, successfully concludes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. For fifteen million dollars, Mexico, defeated in battle, turns over to the United States three hundred and thirty-four million acres of land, including California. Sutter writes a twenty-year lease with the Yalesumni for the land around the sawmill. He agrees to grind their grain for them and to pay them, in clothing and tools, a hundred and fifty dollars a year. Seeking a validation of the lease, Sutter sends an envoy to Monterey—to Colonel Richard Mason, USA, military governor of California. The envoy sets on a table a number of yellow samples. Mason calls in Lieutenant William Sherman, West Point ’40, his acting assistant adjutant general. Mason: “What is that? ” Sherman: “Is it gold? ” Mason: “Have you ever seen native gold? ” Sherman: “In Georgia. ” Sherman bites a sample. Then he asks a soldier to bring him an axe and a hatchet. With these he beats on another sample until—malleable, unbreakable—it is airy and thin. Sherman learned these tests in 1844, when he was twenty-four, on an investigative assignment in Georgia having to do with a military crime. Mason sends a message to Sutter to the effect that the Indians, having no rights to the land, therefore have no right to lease it. In an April memorandum, the editor of the California Star says, in large letters, “ Humbug ” to the idea that gold in any quantity lies in the Sierra. Six weeks later, the Star ceases publication, because there is no one left in the shop to print it. Thousands come through Sutter’s Mill and spread into the country. On the American River at the discovery site, Marshall tries to charge tithes, but the forty-eighters ignore him and overrun his claims. They stand hip to hip like trout fishermen, crowding the stream. Like fishermen, too, they move on, restlessly, from cavern to canyon to flat to ravine, always imagining something big lying in the next pool. Indians using willow baskets wash sixteen thousand dollars. People are finding nuggets the size of eggs. “There is a chance now for every white man now in the country to make a fortune, ” says a letter written to the New York Herald on May 27, 1848. One white man, in some likelihood Scottish, is driven insane by the gold he finds, and wanders around shouting all day, “I am rich! I am rich! ” Two miners in seven days take seventeen thousand dollars from a small gully. In June, Colonel Mason travels from Monterey to San Francisco and on to New Helvetia to see for himself what is happening in the foothills. He takes Sherman with him. They find San Francisco “almost deserted, ” its harbors full of abandoned ships. Ministers have abandoned their churches, teachers their students, lawyers their victims. Shops are closed. Jobs of all kinds have been left unfinished. As Mason and Sherman cross the Coast Ranges and the Great Central Valley, they see gristmills and sawmills standing idle, loose livestock grazing in fields of ripe untended grain, “houses vacant, and farms going to waste. ” It is as if a devastating army had traversed a wide swath on its way to the foothills from the sea. Sutter, in the shadow of his broad-brimmed hat—his silver-headed cane tucked under his arm—warmly greets the military officers. It is scarcely their fault that two thousand hides are rotting in the vats of his abandoned tannery, that forty thousand bushels of standing wheat are disintegrating on the stem, that work has ceased on the half-finished gristmill, that the weavers have abandoned their looms, that strangers without passports—here today, gone tomorrow—have turned his fort into a boarding house and taken his horses and killed his cattle. To short-term profit but long-term disaster his canton is doomed. His dream is drifting away like so much yellow smoke. We could follow him to his destitute farm on the Feather River and on to the East, where he dies insolvent in 1880, but better to leave him on July 4, 1848, sitting at the head of his table in the storehouse of his fort, host of a party he is giving to celebrate—for the first time in California—the independence of the United States. He has fifty guests. With toasts, entertainment, oratory, beef, fowl, champagne, Sauternes, sherry, Madeira, and brandy, he presents a dinner that costs him the equivalent of sixty thousand dollars (in the foothills’ suddenly inflated prices converted into modern figures). In no way has he shown resentment that rejection has met his appeal to secure his claims in a discovery of sufficient magnitude to pay for a civil war. Seated on his right is Richard Barnes Mason. Seated on his left is William Tecumseh Sherman. By the end of 1848, a few thousand people, spread out over a hundred and fifty miles, have removed from modern stream placers ten million dollars in gold. The forty-eighters have the best of it in 1849, because the forty-niners are travelling most of that season, at the end of which fifty thousand miners are in the country. There are a hundred and twenty thousand by the end of 1855. The lone miner all but disappears. To stay abreast of the sophisticating technologies, individuals necessarily form groups. Groups are crowded out by corporations. More and more miners make less and less money, until many independents are living hand-to-mouth and their way of life is called subsistence mining. Watching companions die of disease in Central American jungles or drown in Cape storms, they have travelled thousands of miles in pursuit of a golden goal that has now turned into “mining for beans. ” Always, though, there are fresh stories going east—stories that would cause almost anyone to start thinking about trying the overland route, the isthmus, the Horn. Growlersburg is so named because of the sound of nuggets swirling in pans. In a deep remote canyon on the east branch of the north fork of the Feather River, two Germans roll a boulder aside and under it find lump gold. Another couple of arriving miners wash four hundred ounces there in eight hours. A single pan yields fifteen hundred dollars. The ground is so rich that claims are limited to forty-eight inches square. In one week, the population grows from two to five hundred. The place is named Rich Bar. At Goodyears Bar, on the Yuba, one wheelbarrow-load of placer is worth two thousand dollars. From hard rock above Carson Creek comes a single piece of gold weighing a hundred and twelve pounds. After black powder is packed in a nearby crack, the blast throws out a hundred and ten thousand dollars in gold. A miner is buried in Rough and Ready. As shovels move, gold appears in his grave. Services continue while mourners stake claims. So goes the story, dust to dust. From the auriferous gravels of Iowa Hill two men remove thirty thousand dollars in a single day. A nugget weighing only a little less than Leland Stanford comes out of hard rock in Carson Hill. Size of a shoebox and nearly pure gold, it weighs just under two hundred pounds (troy)—the largest piece ever found in California. Carson Hill, in Calaveras County, is in the belt of the Mother Lode—an elongate swarm of gold-bearing quartz veins, running north-south for a hundred and fifty miles at about a thousand feet of altitude. There are Mother Lode quartz veins as much as fifty metres wide. Some of the early gold camps are so deep in ravines, gulches, caverns, and canyons that the light of the winter sun never reaches the miners’ tents. If you have no tent, you live in a hole in the ground. Your backpack includes a blanket roll, a pick, a shovel, a gold pan, maybe a small rocker in which to sift gravel, a coffeepot, a tobacco tin, saleratus bread, dried apples, and salt pork. You sleep beside your fire. When you get up, you “shake yourself and you are dressed. ” You wear a flannel shirt, probably red. You wear wool trousers, heavy leather boots, and a soft hat with a wide and flexible brim. You carry a pistol. Not everyone resembles you. There are miners in top hats, miners in panama hats, miners in sombreros, and French miners in berets, who have raised the tricolor over their claims. Chinese miners wear outsize boots and blue cotton. Their packs are light. They live on rice and dried fish. Their brothels thrive. They are the greatest gamblers in the Sierra. They make Caucasian gambling look like penny ante. There are miners working in formal topcoats. There are miners in fringed buckskin, miners in brocaded vests, miners working claims in dress pumps (because their boots have worn out). There are numerous Indians, who are essentially naked. There are many black miners, all of them free. As individual prospecting gives way to gang labor, this could be a place for slaves, but in the nascent State of California slavery is forbidden. On Sundays, while you drink your tanglefoot whiskey, you can watch a dog kill a dog, a chicken kill a chicken, a man kill a man, a bull kill a bear. You can watch Shakespeare. You can visit a “public woman. ” The Hydraulic Press for October 30, 1858, says, “Nowhere do young men look so old as in California. ” They build white wooden churches with steeples. In four months in Mokelumne Hill, there is a murder every week. In the absence of law, lynching is common. The camp that will be named Placerville is earlier called Hangtown. When a mob forgets to tie the hands of a condemned man and he clutches the rope above him, someone beats his hands with a pistol until he lets go. A Chinese miner wounds a white youth and is jailed. With a proffered gift of tobacco, lynchers lure the “Chinee” to his cell window, grab his head, slip a rope around his neck, and pull until he is dead. A young miner in Bear River kills an older man. A tribunal offers him death or banishment. He selects death, explaining that he is from Kentucky. In Kentucky, that would be the honorable thing to do. Some miners’ wives take in washing and make more money than their husbands do. In every gold rush from this one to the Klondike, the suppliers and service industries will gather up the dust while ninety-nine per cent of the miners go home with empty pokes. In 1853, Leland Stanford, twenty-nine years old, opens a general store in Michigan Bluff, about ten miles from Gold Run. John Studebaker makes wheelbarrows in Hangtown. Stanford moves to Sacramento, where he sells “provisions, groceries, wines, liquors, cigars, oils & camphene, flour, grain & produce, mining implements, miners’ supplies. ” Credit is not in Stanford’s vocabulary. Miners must “come down with the dust. ” They come down with the dust to Mark Hopkins, a greengrocer who, sensing greater profit in picks, shovels, and pans, goes out of produce and into partnership at Collis P. Huntington, Hardware. They come down with the dust to Charles Crocker, Mining Supplies. When the engineer Theodore Judah comes down from a reconnaissance of the Sierra with the opinion that a railroad can be built across the mountains, these merchants of Sacramento have the imagination to believe him, and they form a corporation to construct the Central Pacific. The geologic time scale, rising out of the ground in the form of Cretaceous gold, has virtually conjured a transcontinental railroad. It leaves Sacramento in 1863, and not a minute too soon, for in a sense—which is only a little fictive—it is racing the technology of mining. As the railroad advances toward Donner Summit at the rate of about twenty miles a year, the miners are doing what they can to remove the intervening landscape. Their ability to do so has been much accelerated in scarcely a dozen years. This is the evolution of technique: Prospectors find the fossil rivers within two years of James Wilson Marshall’s discovery, and soon afterward vast acreages are full of holes that seem to have been made by very large coyotes. In the early form of mining that becomes known as coyoting, you dig a deep hole through the overburden and lower yourself into it with a windlass. You hope that your mine will not become your grave. You dig through the gravel to bedrock, then drift to the side. Some coyote shafts go down a hundred feet. One goes down six hundred. When water first arrives by ditch and flume, it not only washes excavated pay dirt but is allowed to spill downslope, gullying the gravel mountainsides and washing out resident gold. This is known as ground-sluicing, gouging, booming, or “picking down the bank. ” So far, the technology is not new. From high reservoirs and dug canals, the Romans ground-sluiced for gold, as did Colombian Indians before 1500, and people in the eighteenth century in the region known as the Brazils. California’s momentous innovation in placer mining comes in 1853, after Edward E. Matteson, a ground-sluicer, is nearly killed when saturated ground slides down upon him and knocks his pick from his hand. Matteson thinks of a way to dismantle a slope from a safe distance. With his colleagues Eli Miller and A. Chabot, he attaches a sheet-brass nozzle to a rawhide hose and bombards a hill near Red Dog with a shaped hydraulic charge. That first nozzle is only three feet long and its jet at origin three-quarters of an inch in diameter. Soon the nozzles are sixteen feet long, and are called dictators, monitors, or giants. They require ever more ditches and flumes. In the words of Hutchings’ California Magazine, “The time may come when the whole of the water from our mountain streams will be needed for mining and manufacturing purposes, and will be sold at a price within the reach of all. ” Where two men working a rocker can wash a cubic yard a day, two men working a mountainside with a dictator can bring down and drive through a sluice box fifteen hundred tons in twelve hours, and this is the technology that the railroad is racing to the ground at Gold Run. Although the nozzle has the appearance of a naval cannon, it is mounted on a ball socket and is so delicately counterbalanced with a “jockey box” full of small boulders that, for all its power, it can be controlled with one hand. Every vestige of what has lain before it—forest, soil, gravel—is driven asunder, washed over, piled high, and flushed away. At a hundred and twenty-five pounds of pressure per square inch, the column of shooting water seems to subdivide into braided pulses hypnotic to the eye, and where it crashes at the end of its parabola it sounds like a storm sea hammering a beach. In one year, the North Bloomfield Gravel Company uses fifteen thousand million gallons of water. Through the big nine-inch nozzles go thirty thousand gallons a minute. Benjamin Silliman, Jr., a founding professor of the Sheffield Scientific School, at Yale, writes in 1865, “Man has, in the hydraulic process, taken command of nature’s agencies, employing them for his own benefit, compelling her to surrender the treasure locked up in the auriferous gravel by the use of the same forces which she employed in distributing it! ” To get at the deepest richest gravels, which lie in the hollows of bedrock channels, the miners dig tunnels under the beds of the fossil rivers. When they reach a point directly below the blue lead, they go straight up into the auriferous gravel, where they set up their nozzles and flush out the mountain from the inside. At Port Wine Ridge, Chinese miners make a tunnel in the gravel fifteen miles long. Surface excavations meanwhile deepen. Twelve million cubic yards of gravel are washed out of Scotts Flat, forty-seven million cubic yards of gravel out of You Bet and Red Dog, a hundred and five million cubic yards out of Dutch Flat, a hundred and twenty-eight million out of Gold Run. After a visit to Gold Run and Dutch Flat in 1868, W. Skidmore, of San Francisco, writes, “We will soon have deserted towns and a waste of country torn up by hydraulic washings, far more cheerless in appearance than the primitive wilderness of 1848. ” In the middle eighteen-sixties, hydraulic miners find it profitable to get thirty-four cents’ worth of gold from a cubic yard of gravel. In a five-year period in the eighteen-seventies, the North Bloomfield Gravel Company washes down three and a quarter million yards to get $94, 250. Soon the company is moving twelve million parts of gravel to get one part of gold. As the mine tailings travel in floods, they thicken streambeds and fill valleys with hundreds of feet of gravel. In their blanched whiteness, spread wide, these gravels will appear to be lithic glaciers for a length of time on the human scale that might as well be forever. In a year and a half, hydraulic mining washes enough material into the Yuba River to fill the Erie Canal. By 1878 along the Yuba alone, eighteen thousand acres of farmland are covered. Mud, sand, cobbles—Yuba tailings and Feather River tailings spew ten miles into the Great Central Valley. Tailings of the American River reach farther than that. Broad moonscapes of unvegetated stream-rounded rubble conceal the original land. Before hydraulic mining, the normal elevation of the Sacramento River in the Great Valley was sea level. As more and more hydraulic detritus comes out of the mountains, the normal elevation of the river rises seven feet. In 1880, hydraulic mining puts forty-six million cubic yards into the Sacramento and the San Joaquin. The muds keep going toward San Francisco, where, ultimately, eleven hundred and forty-six million cubic yards are added to the bays. Navigation is impaired above Carquinez Strait. The ocean is brown at the Golden Gate. In the early eighteen-eighties, a citizens’ group called the Anti-Debris Association is formed to combat the hydraulic miners. On June 18, 1883, a dam built by the miners fails high in the mountains—apparently because it was insufficiently engineered to withstand the pressure of high explosives. Six hundred and fifty million cubic feet of water suddenly go down the Yuba, killing six people and creating a wasteland much like the miners’. On January 9, 1884, a United States Circuit Court bans the flushing of debris into streams and rivers. Although the future holds some hydraulic mining—with debris dams, catch basins, and the like—it is essentially over, and miners in California from this point forward will be delving into hard rock. Edward E. Matteson—of whom the Nevada City Transcript said in 1860, “His labors, like the magic of Aladdin’s lamp, have broken into the innermost caves of the gnomes, snatched their imprisoned treasures, and poured them, in golden showers, into the lap of civilized humanity”—spends the last days of his life at Gold Flat, near Nevada City, working as a nighttime mine watchman and a daytime bookseller. Even in the high years of his invention, he never applied for a patent. From 1848 onward, James Wilson Marshall has been literally haunted by the fact of his being the discoverer of California gold. William Tecumseh Sherman will remember him as “a half-crazy man at best, ” an impression that Marshall confirms across the years as he claims to consult with spirits, asking them where he might again find gold. Newcomers to California in mid-century believe that Marshall really does have some sort of divine intuition, and—to his bitter annoyance—follow him wherever he goes. With respect to further gold strikes, nowhere is where he goes. Drinking himself to Heaven, he drips tobacco juice through his beard. It stains his shirt and dungarees. Looking so, he makes a visit home. From his family’s house, on Bridge Street in Lambertville, he goes up into the country toward Marshall’s Corner and the farmhouse where he was born, prospecting outcrops of New Jersey diabase, hoping to discover gold. He picks up rock samples. He carries them to a sister’s house and roasts them in the oven. At the end of the twentieth century, the small farmhouse where he was born is still standing. Part fieldstone, part frame, it has long since been divided into three apartments, enveloped in a parklike shopping center called Pennytown. A boldly lettered sign on a screen door indirectly recalls Marshall’s compact with Sutter. It says, “Don’t Let the Cat Out. ” Beside I-80, Moores inserted a knife in the auriferous gravels and pried loose a few rounded stones. He carved them to demonstrate their softness, and said, “They are practically clay. They have weathered so much they could be in Georgia. ” In the nineteenth century, some of the nuggets found in the auriferous gravels were electrum—a natural pale-yellow alloy of gold and silver. Other nuggets were full of mothy cavities, where something had been eaten away—quite possibly silver. This was some of the first evidence that California enjoyed a coincidence of golds, for electrum was not characteristic of the hard-rock gold of the Sierra. The gravels had brought those nuggets from somewhere else. Rock soft enough to carve with a knife would disintegrate if it were tumbling in the bed of a stream; therefore, it had softened after it arrived. Because gold changes shape so easily, the mothy pitting of nuggets necessarily occurred after transport, too. That the auriferous deposits were Eocene was affirmed by the fossil plants among them. The gravels themselves, with channel deposits six hundred feet deep and stones the size of basketballs, described the power of the river that brought them, the Himalayan loft of its headwaters. Fossils of subalpine Eocene vegetation have since been found in central Nevada. “There is gold in the Carson Range, east of the Sierra, that is like the nuggets that were found in these gravels, ” Moores said. “The source of some California gold is probably under Nevada now. ” If something as crazy-sounding as that had been said to miners in the eighteen-fifties, the miners in all likelihood would not have been surprised, for they were familiar with geologists, and geologists were not their heroes. In 1852, at Indian Bar, a miner remarked to a doctor’s wife, “I maintain that science is the blindest guide that one could have on a gold-finding expedition. Those men, who judge by the appearance of the soil, and depend upon geological calculations, are invariably disappointed, while the ignorant adventurer, who digs just for the sake of digging, is almost sure to be successful. ” The doctor’s wife, Louisa Amelia Knapp Smith Clappe, is probably the most interesting writer who was on the scene in the early days of the gold rush. Indian Bar was close by Rich Bar, where the two Germans in the deep canyon rolled a boulder and found lump gold. The doctor and his wife became resident there in 1851. She wrote letters to a sister in Amherst, Massachusetts, which have been preserved in publication under her pseudonym, Dame Shirley. At times, she may be even more purple than the interior of the Rich Bar saloon, but when she speaks of “the make-shift ways which some people fancy essential to California life, ” she is hitting for distance. She speaks of “red-shirted miners... reclining gracefully... in that transcendental state of intoxication, when a man is compelled to hold on to the earth for fear of falling off. ” She speaks of “the Irishman’s famous down couch, which consisted of a single feather laid upon a rock. ” And she has thoughts to add about geologists: Wherever Geology has said that gold must be, there, perversely enough, it lies not; and wherever [geology] has declared that it could not be, there has it oftenest garnered up in miraculous profusion the yellow splendor of its virgin beauty. It is certainly very painful to a well-regulated mind to see the irreverent contempt, shown by this beautiful mineral, to the dictates of science; but what better can one expect from the “root of all evil”? There were prospectors in the Sierra who wore over their hearts a device they called a gold magnet, explaining that in the presence of gold the magnet tingled and shocked. There were prospectors who carried forked hazelwood rods that were said to point to gold as if it were water. The miners had as much respect for them as they had for the geologists. Over their shoulders as they took off up the canyons the miners liked to say, “Gold is where you find it. ” As early as 1849, the Sacramento Placer Times remarked: The mines of California have baffled all science, and rendered the application of philosophy entirely nugatory. Bone and sinew philosophy, with a sprinkling of good luck, can alone render success certain. We have met with many geologists and practical scientific men in the mines, and have invariably seen them beaten by unskilled men, soldiers and sailors, and the like. All that notwithstanding, the legislature of the new State of California created in 1860 a state geological survey, and recruited the Yale-trained and already distinguished Josiah D. Whitney to be the state geologist. Nearly everybody imagined that Whitney would investigate and catalogue places in California where the earth could be turned for a profit. Instead, he gave them paleontology, historical geology, igneous petrology, stratigraphy, structure, tectonics. He gave them the minutest points of mineralogy, and he gave them the global setting. He gave them academic geology in the form that can least be turned into capital—the disciplines that lead to understanding of the history and composition of the planet. California fired him. They fired him in the modern sense that after a few years he was defunded. His name rests on the highest mountain in the Sierra Nevada. By the erosive scenes at Iowa Hill, Poverty Hill, Forest Hill, North Bloomfield, Michigan Bluff, Gold Run, You Bet, Dutch Flat, Poker Flat, Downieville, and Smartville—the major Eocene-river deposits—Josiah Whitney was not appalled. He liked the hydraulic diggings. They flushed away the soft stuff and exposed solid rock, the better for geologists to see. Moores cast a final glance over the man-made valley by Gold Run, and said, “It’s not all that bad. Some places like this do not look bad. They are spaced out. They are not the English industrial Midlands. I like to drive cars. I like to move rapidly from place to place. There is a price we pay. If people wish to eschew all that, let them walk. When they get rid of their cars and their hi-fi sets, their credibility will rise. ” He lingered long enough for a change of mood. His voice resumed at a lower and softer register. “In a couple of hundred years we are doing a good job of extracting minerals deposited over billions of years. High-grade gold deposits are just gone. Ditto copper. The U. has had it. There just won’t be any more until we go through a few million more years of erosion, allowing the geologic processes of secondary enrichment to take place. Meanwhile, technology must extract lower and lower-grade resources. We don’t realize what we’re doing. ” I said I thought that we knew what we were doing and didn’t give a damn. He said, “Americans look upon water as an inexhaustible resource. It’s not, if you’re mining it. Arizona is mining groundwater. ” Soon we were dropping toward two thousand feet, among deeply weathered walls of phyllite, in color cherry and claret—the preserved soils of the subtropics when the unrisen mountains were a coastal plain. Geologists call it lateritic soil, in homage to the Latin word for brick. All around the Sierra, between two and three thousand feet of altitude, is a band of red soil, its color deepened by rainfall that leaches out competing colors and intensifies the iron oxide. Not only phyllites but also mica schists, shales, tuffs, and sandstones in the roadcuts were red. When the road dipped far below the rooflike plane of the western Sierra Nevada, the dissected inclines around us had the appearance of red mountains covered with manzanita. At Weimar, a little off the highway and close to the two-thousand-foot contour, was a narrow band of serpentine, the California state rock. Moores said, “Worldwide, there is an association between serpentine and gold-bearing quartz, as there is here, in the belt of the Mother Lode. Gold-quartz deposits and serpentines just go together. Where there’s a hard-rock mine, serpentine will not be far away. The relationship between serpentine and quartz-vein gold is not well understood, but the miners talked about it. It was a fact of their life. ” On the geologic map, the serpentines showed up as strings and pods in a rich wisteria blue, like some sort of paisley print, trending north-south, signing the Mother Lode. Also accompanying the Mother Lode was a family of major faults, confined to a zone that was scarcely fifteen miles wide but extended, both to the north and to the south of Interstate 80, more than a hundred miles. Three of the faults crossed the highway in and close to Auburn, about twenty miles below Gold Run and thirty-five above Sacramento. In Auburn Ravine, a couple of hundred yards below the railroad overpass and exactly twelve hundred feet above sea level, the interstate had been cut through charcoal-gray rock that had very evidently been damaged by a great deal more than human engineering. We pulled over as soon as the shoulder was wide enough, and walked back to have a look. We walked past talc schists and sheared serpentines and integral blocks of volcanic rock separated by shear zones. The cut that had caught Moores’ attention was ten feet high and nondescript, below gray pines and trees of heaven. It was tight to the interstate, and tandem trailers were screaming past us. A billboard across the road said, “Placer Savings, It’s the Extras That Count. ” Picking and prying at the Sierra Nevada a roadcut at a time, Moores had crossed the mountains showing all levels of absorption and excitement. In the presence of unusual rock, he variously fizzes and clicks. Now, as he leaned into this outcrop with his lens, he began to do both. It was fine-grained diabase, in magnification asparkle with crystals—free-form, asymmetrical, improvisational plagioclase crystals bestrewn against a field of dark pyroxene. It was a much finer diabase than you would find in, say, the Palisades Sill, across the Hudson River from Manhattan. It had cooled and frozen more rapidly, but it derived from a chemically identical magma—that is to say, essentially identical, there being no exact copy in geology except a Xerox of your last mistake. Had this magma been extruded into air or water it would have become basalt, but—like granite, diorite, gabbro—it had chilled and formed its crystals in the absence of both. There was a signal difference, however—far beyond cooling rates or chemical composition—between this diabase and the rock of the Palisades Sill or any magma that intrudes and then hardens as a single body. To see the difference, you did not need to make a thin section—a tiny slice of rock for a microscope slide. You did not even need the hand lens. This rock had been assembled in vertical laminations like successive layers of wallboard. It had frozen not all in one piece but in continual fashion, layer after layer—a history that could be read from one lamination to the next, like bar codes indefinitely extended. Moores, ebullient, said, “We’re in Fat City. ” Lens to eye and leaning into the outcrop, this professed and practicing agnostic said, “God, it’s fantastic! God Almighty! This is a jackpot, a tremendous bit of serendipity. We’ve struck gold. ” Given the fact that we were at twelve hundred feet in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada and in close proximity to serpentine and quartz, I could be forgiven if at first I took him literally. Yet all that glistered in this outcrop was pyroxene. Gold is where you find it, though, and for Eldridge Moores this indeed was gold. Unlike all the other rock we had seen as we traversed the mountains, or were likely to see in most of the aerial world, this rock in its origin was not of any continent. It was not from slope, not from shelf, not from lake, stream, or land. It had no genetic relationship to continental rock. Like a blue-water fish on a farmhouse platter, it had been moved a great distance. Only a meteorite could have been more out of place. Nineteenth-century geologists would have called this rock augite porphyrite; the miners would have called it blue diorite or slate. It was rock of the ocean crust. Formed at spreading centers, ocean crust gradually turns cold as it travels away from the hot rift of its beginnings toward the deep trenches where nearly a hundred per cent of it is consumed. Down the vertical column from salt water to mantle rock, ocean crust has varying components, of which these laminations are the clearest record of lateral movement. A layer at a time, the fluid rock is driven upward in the spreading center, solidifies, and takes its place in the long march. Most of this happens in the mid-oceans, in the world system of separating boundaries of plates. It also happens in the short, isolated, and slice-like spreading centers that develop near island arcs. In all geology where rock forms in successive layers, the layers are initially horizontal—with this one exception. The laminations of the ocean crust form vertically, and remain vertical as they move to become the floors of abyssal plains and until they disappear into trenches. In Moores’ words, “This is the only situation where age progression goes sideways. ” Although the rock in this outcrop had obviously been shattered by a very great tectonic force—and although it had to some extent been recrystallized as well in the attendant heat and pressure—neither its disfigurement nor its metamorphosis had masked its structure. The laminations—known in geology as sheeted dikes—were as narrow as ten centimetres and as wide as eighty. By looking closely at their edges, you could all but see the spreading center that the accumulating rock had slowly moved away from. Layer after layer was glassy along its right-hand edge. The magma had cooled quickly there after touching solidified rock. The spreading center, therefore, had been to the left. After a new lamination of magma touched hard rock and turned marginally to glass, the rest of the lamination froze more slowly, forming the fine crystals. Some layers had glassy margins on both sides. They had split the weak center of previous and still-cooling layers. In a minor and local way, they corrupted the chronology. When seismology first revealed the dimensions of the ocean crust, it proved to be surprisingly thin—about fifteen thousand feet thin—with remarkable uniformity all over the world. The sediments upon it, generally speaking, are not much more than a veneer. Rock of the ocean crust—departing from spreading centers with bilateral symmetry, ultimately disappearing in the subduction zones—is everywhere younger than most rock of the continents. The oldest known continental rock was discovered about halfway between Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake, in the Canadian Northwest Territories, in 1989, and has an argon-argon age of 3. 96 billion years. The earth itself, according to radiometrics, is six hundred million years older than that. The oldest ocean-crustal rock that has yet been found in any seafloor in the world is early-middle Jurassic—a hundred and eighty-five million years old. That is less than one-twentieth the age of the oldest continental rock and one-twenty-fifth the age of the earth itself. From spreading to subduction, from creation to extinction, the ocean crust completely cleans house in fewer than two hundred million years. A lithospheric plate will typically include both continental rock and ocean crust, but trenches get rid of the ocean crust while the continents stay afloat. Since rock of the sort that Moores and I were looking at does not form on continents and will not be found under a Hudson Bay, a Sea of Okhotsk, or any epicontinental sea, what was it doing in Auburn, California, more than five hundred miles from the nearest abyssal floor? Moores did not have to be asked, for if he had a tectonic and petrologic specialty this was it. He had travelled the earth to see this kind of rock. Where you found it up on dry land, it proclaimed an event in the making of new country, in the mobile history of plates. It was not a signature after a fact but a precursory signing in. In its transportation from the deep and its emplacement on a continent, it was not merely a clue but an absolute statement that scenery had been shifted in an operatic manner. Toward the end of the middle Jurassic—in the high noon of dinosaurs, about a hundred and sixty-five million years ago—an island arc like the Aleutians or Japan had moved in from the western ocean and docked here. This was the third terrane at this latitude: the one that followed Sonomia and smashed into it with crumpling, mountain-building effects that propagated eastward turning soils into phyllites, sandstones into quartzites, siltstones into slates—the metamorphics we had seen up the road. In aggregate, the three terranes extended the continent by at least four hundred miles. The third one, suturing here, had doubled the width of what is now California. The sheeted diabase that we found in Auburn—shattered so grossly in the collision—was a part of the ocean crust at the leading edge of the third terrane. As the island arc drifted eastward and the continent westward, nearly all the intervening ocean crust was consumed, but some broke off and came to rest on the continental margin, announcing the collision. North-south, the third terrane probably came near to being a thousand miles long. What remains of it is closer to a hundred. Its width, including the part that is under the Great Valley, is about a hundred miles, too. This ten-thousand-square-mile piece of ground, named for a gold camp some twenty-five miles north of Auburn, is known in geology as the Smartville Block. If you look at a map of the Mother Lode—its narrow band, north-south, lying under Grass Valley, Auburn, Angels Camp, French Gulch, Confidence, and Plymouth—you are, for practical purposes, looking at a map of the Smartville suture. As a geologically immediate result of the collision, the nearby rock developed the numerous high-angle faults that now appear on the geologic map along the Mother Lode. The voluminous magmas of the batholith came into the country. Water moving down through the faults would have circulated close to—or actually in—the magma. Gold, which loves itself and strongly resists combination with other elements, will go into compounds at very high temperatures. The gold that is among magmatic fluids (or in the adjacent country rock) may be combined, for example, with chlorine or sulphur. The gold compounds are “modestly” soluble, and will dissolve in the water, which picks up many other elements, too, including silicon. The hot solution rises into fissures in hard crust rock, where the cooling gold breaks away from the compounds and falls out of the water as metal. Silicon precipitates, too, filling up the fissures and enveloping the gold with veins of silicon dioxide, which is quartz. In this manner, the Smartville Block, docking in the Jurassic, not only doubled the size of central California but created its Mother Lode. If you could pull up an acre of abyssal plain anywhere in the world—lift into view a complete column of the ocean floor, from the accumulated sediments at the top to mantle rock at the base—you would find the sheeted dikes about halfway down. In contrast to the rock columns you find allover the continents—giddy with time gaps among lithologies of miscellaneous origin and age—this totem assemblage from the oceans tells a generally consistent story. At its low end is peridotite, the rock of the mantle, tectonically altered in several ways on departure from the spreading center. Above the mantle rock lie the cooled remains of the great magma chamber that released flowing red rock into the spreading center. The chamber, in cooling, tends to form strata, as developing crystals settle within it like snow—olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene snow—but above these cumulate bands it becomes essentially a massive gabbro shading upward into plagiogranite as the magmatic juices chemically differentiate themselves in ways that relate to temperature. Just above the granites are the sheeted dikes of diabase, which kept filling the rift between the diverging plates. Above the sheeted dikes, where the fluid rock actually entered the sea, the suddenly chilled extrusions are piled high, like logs outside a sawmill. Because these extrusions have convex ends that bulge smoothly and resemble pillows, they are known in geology as pillow lavas. Above the pillows are the various sediments that have drifted downward through the deep sea: umbers, ochres, cherts, chalk. Unlike the rest of the crust-and-mantle package, the sediments may hint at the surrounding world. Water that gets down through all this and into the mantle rock—at the spreading center or anywhere else will change the nature and appearance of that rock. Through an alteration of minerals, the rock takes on a silky lustre and a very smooth texture, becomes fibrous, and develops color—occasional streaks and spots of white, but mainly chrome green, myrtle green, Nile green, in patterned shapes within the mantle black. Because the patterns strongly suggest the skin of a snake, this rock has been known—for nearly six hundred years in the English language—as serpentine. Geologists—in their strange, synecdochical way—have named the entire oceanic assemblage for this one component rock. But not directly. In their acute sense of time, they were not content to settle for a term of Latin derivation. Instead, they extracted from a deeper stratum ὄφις — ophis —the Greek word for snake. From the mantle upward, the complete column of ocean-floor rock is collectively known in geology as an ophiolite. The generally consistent differences within it are the ophiolitic sequence. On the American River under the bluffs of Auburn, in 1852, a single pan of gravel might be worth a hundred dollars. In 1857, after the lone miners had worked the place over, the American River Ditch Company built a dam there, to impound water for hydraulic mining. The dam eventually crumbled. The dam site did not. As environmentalists have discovered to their eternal chagrin, a dam site is a dam site forever, no matter what the state or the nation may decide to do about it in any given era. On present road maps of California, that part of the American River is marked “Auburn Dam and Reservoir (Under Construction). ” The dam site is scarcely a mile from the shattered ophiolite of Interstate 80, so Moores and I went to see how the dam might relate to the Smartville collision, and we have returned there since. The river’s deep canyon is walled with sheared foliated rock—broken, disrupted, deformed lithologies, Bruchgeitrochen, tortured rocks—as one would expect of a place where an oceanic island arc had sutured onto the continent. There were sheeted dikes, serpentines, plagiogranites, gabbros, and other items from the ocean suite. The type of dam chosen in 1967 by the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation was a thin arch of concrete rising six hundred and eighty-five feet from channel to crest. Its purpose was to store winter runoff for use in summer, supplementing the storage behind Folsom Dam, fifteen miles downstream. The new reservoir, Lake Auburn, would reach twenty miles into the Sierra, filling two forks of the river—up the North Fork past Codfish Creek and Shirt Tail Creek beyond Yankee Jim’s almost to Iowa Hill, and up the Middle Fork over New York Bar and Murderers Bar and the Ruck-a-Chucky Rapids to Volcanoville. The lake would cover ten thousand acres and be twice as deep as the Yellow Sea. When Moores and I first visited the site, in 1978, it resembled one of the huge excavations flushed out by the hoses of hydraulic mining. Benched roadways descended switchbacks a thousand feet down the canyon walls. A cofferdam had tucked the river to one side. Reaching eleven hundred and fifty feet across the canyon floor lay the white concrete of the dam’s base. From the outset, the construction project had had to deal with the inconvenience of the faulting that had followed the arrival of the Smartville Block. The dam site was squarely in the suture zone. Under the dam’s foundation ran a fracture known to engineers as the F-1 Fault. A tectonic event on the scale of an arc-to-continent docking will not result in every fissure’s being filled with quartz and gold. Countless empty cracks remain. In order to secure the dam’s basement, the Reclamation engineers had performed what they described as “dental work, ” a “root canal. ” They had sealed in the Smartville fault zone with three hundred and thirty thousand cubic yards of grout. Moores remarked, “If you want to find a fault in California, look for a dam. ” Scarcely had the dental work been completed when, in 1975, an earthquake struck near Oroville, forty-five miles up the Smartville Block. Its Richter magnitude was 5. 7. Near Oroville on the Feather River was the eighth-largest dam in the world. It had been completed in 1968, only seven years before the earthquake, and gradually its reservoir had impounded forty-six hundred million tons of water, or enough to put a lot of pressure on the rocks below. It was a gravity dam, broad and squat, an earth-fill dam, and what it had been filled with was seventy-eight million cubic yards of hydraulic-gold-mine tailings. Absorbing the earthquake, the dam just sat there, holding its lake. However, the United States Geological Survey (a sibling agency of Reclamation within the Department of the Interior) quietly noted that twenty-five per cent of reservoirs of comparable depth had, by their sheer weight, triggered earthquakes. The earthquake at Oroville had been five times larger than the maximum earthquake that the dam at Auburn was designed to withstand. This collection of facts soon assembled itself in the editorial offices of the Sacramento Bee. On its front page the Bee envisioned an earthquake that would knock out Auburn Dam, releasing water that would in less than two hours stand in Sacramento twenty feet deep. In the words of a former Assistant Secretary of the Interior, this would be “the worst peacetime disaster in American history. ” Estimates were that a quarter of a million people would drown. The federal government considers faults inactive if they haven’t jumped for a hundred thousand years. The latest known movement along the F-1 Fault in Auburn was in the Jurassic—a hundred and forty million years before the present—but that did not soothe Sacramento. Work on Auburn Dam was suspended. In 1978, Moores and I found the site silent, dry, reliquary. It looked that way eleven years later, when we went there again. Geologic time and human time seemed to have met and parted. Mountain lions go through the dam site. Bears. Feral goats. The project is dormant and appears dead, or vice versa, depending on how the beholder eyes it. The bureau keeps a skeleton crew there, each of whom speaks of the dam in the future positive. You ask at what altitude the lake level was to be. Response: “The lake level will be eleven hundred and thirty feet. ” You ask if the boat ramp would have been paved. Response: “Yes, that will be paved. ” The gravel boat ramp, several hundred yards long, descends a steep slope and ends high and nowhere, a dangling cul-de-sac. The skeletons call it “the largest and highest unused boat ramp in California. ” Houses that cling to the canyon sides look into the empty pit. They were built around the future lakeshore under the promise of rising water. You can almost see their boat docks projecting into the air. Thirty-three hundred quarter-acre lots were platted in a subdivision called Auburn Lake Trails. Moores wanted to know if a geology student from Davis might be permitted to study the rocks that had been exposed during construction. “Fine, but we would not want the student’s conclusions to inconvenience the dam. ” The dam has cost three hundred million dollars so far. The bureau spends a million dollars a year maintaining the site while nothing happens. We looked for a cup of coffee in Cool, California, after crossing the American River on a seven-hundred-foot-high bridge. Not particularly long, the bridge was built so high in order to clear the lake that wasn’t there. From houses in Cool, picture windows framed the lake air. There were numerous for-sale signs. Mother Lode Realty. Cool was a placer-mining camp of the eighteen-fifties. In Cool Quarry, marine limestone is mined now—a lenticular pod, a third of a cubic mile, shoved into California by the arriving Smartville Block. If you had lived on the moon then, as a full earth came into the sky you would have seen two large continents, one above the other, surrounded and divided by ocean. West to east, the dividing seas were the incipient Caribbean (Central America was not there), the incipient Atlantic, and—from Gibraltar through China—the long water known in geology as Tethys. Worldwide, fossils from that time are described as Tethyan. Tethys, mother of rivers, was the consort of Oceanus. Cool was named for Aaron Cool. In the limestone pod in Cool, California, caught up in the docking of the Smartville Block, are Tethyan fusulinids and Tethyan corals. As an overriding plate scrapes the plate below, it acts like the blade of a bulldozer and piles up sand, seashells, cherts, phyllites—whatever happens to be there. Impressive amounts of material can be accreted in this manner. As the Philippine Plate has scraped westward, overlapping the Eurasian Plate, an accretionary wedge has risen as Taiwan. In an arc-to-continent collision that is reducing the distance between Taipei and Beijing, Taiwan is the first piece of the West Luzon Island Arc to reach the Eurasian slope. In the mélange of rocks in the Taiwan accretionary wedge are not only sands, seashells, cherts, and phyllites but enough scraped-up ocean-floor debris—sheeted dikes, pillow lavas, gabbros, serpentines—to be known as the East Taiwan Ophiolite. A large and intact package of ocean crust-and-mantle can be expected to follow, as one did when Smartville began to close with North America. The Smartville Block pushed before it not only the limestone of Cool and the schists and serpentines of Auburn Dam but also the red-weathered phyllites and the argillites and cherts we had seen along the Interstate as we descended toward Auburn. These and a great miscellany of additional rocks were Smartville’s mélange, its accretionary prism—highly foliated, sheared, broken, disrupted, deformed—caught up in the Smartville suture, the docking of arc and continent. There was, of course, a subduction zone—a trench-between the arc and the continent as they drew together, and in the collision it disappeared. It was actually stuffed shut, according to present theory. First, ocean crust-and-mantle of the North American Plate went down the trench. Eventually, the continental rock itself reached the trench and jammed it, like a bagel in a toaster. Continents are too light and thick to be subducted, and where they arrive at trenches the trenches cease to function. Australia has jammed the trench to the north of it with such force that it has produced New Guinea. As Moores envisions the Jurassic event in California, a large overlap of Smartville ocean crust (the upper plate) was left lying on the North American continental slope after subduction stopped. The region cooled in the post-collisional stillness. The lower, west-moving plate was no longer descending, dragging everything downward. Isostasy, the force that lifts light objects when other forces cease to hold them down, began to work on the combined terranes. Lifting them, it broke off a large piece of the Smartville ocean crust-and-mantle and carried it into the air in what would eventually become the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. As a geological and geophysical specialty, the study of ophiolites is only a few years old, and therefore provokes argument on almost any question raised—from the environment of the origin of the rock itself to the putative method by which it made its way from extracontinental depths to dry land. The emplacement story for the Smartville Block was worked out by Eldridge Moores. Descending westward, just below Auburn, you cross the thousand-foot contour, and the Great Central Valley comes into view, running flat out of sight to the horizon. Sacramento is down there, and, fifteen miles farther, Davis. It is an abrupt, absolute change of physiographic worlds, where the mountains hinge. The Smartville Block extends under the valley and ends beneath the Coast Ranges. After the trench at Auburn disappeared, another one had to develop, as the trailing edge of Smartville became the new front of the North American Plate, moving west. To balance the earth’s books by consuming an amount of ocean crust comparable to what is made at spreading centers, subduction zones develop when and where they are needed. Across geologic time, subduction zones have come and gone quite often. On one side of the Smartville Block the new subduction must have been developing even while the old subduction died on the other. “For sure, ” Moores said. “You’ve got to produce that convergence somewhere. You don’t cut things off. The subduction here at Auburn was Permian to early Jurassic. The new subduction zone to the west was operating by the late Jurassic, and it operated all through Cretaceous and into Tertiary time. The volcanoes came up in the Sierra, and the main batholith formed. I think the geology is really neat. The new plate margins produced their own accretionary prism, piling up out there to the west of us to become the rest of California. ” ♦ (This is the first part of a three-part article. ).

Ashfall book. Ashfall nebraska. Below my expectations. Suppose the disastrous erruption was kept far way behind the scnene. The core is strongly focus on the "rescue" mission in which i think the emphasis was bluntly executed. The pulling in of the westerner and the Chinese into the play just not adequately boost up the hype to gain excitement. I noticed most of the facial expression in the movie is very "plastic" except for my idol BHLee. Round 1 of the 6th Annual BSC Book Tournament begins with match-ups between the Female Leads and the Male Leads brackets. If you missed it, you can see our announcement of the  brackets here  as well as the unveiling of the  full tournament schedule here. But now it is time for the voting to start! We are keeping each round in its own post, but don’t worry! They will all be linked together to make it easier for you. 3: The Line by Teri Hall VS Ashfall by Mike Mullin Continue on to the next one here! Be sure to check back tomorrow for the Female Leads VS The Male Leads bracket. If you experience any technical issues with the polling, please email with the problem. Polls will be open until Wednesday night, and results will be announced on Friday, March 16th.

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Country USA Rating 43 Vote Comedy Gary Lundgren 2019. My wife, 16 year old son and I very much enjoyed the movie. The acting was very natural leaving me feel as if I lived the story in the movie rather than just having watched it. Great job by everyone!
The producers told me that the "R" rating was for the use of the "f" word 1x. I don't even remember hearing it. Hahaha. Slam on the brakes and let him hit your rear then get a new car and compo. Add your Submit your own pictures of this city and show them to the world OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map Current weather forecast for Phoenix, OR Population in 2017: 4, 576 (100% urban, 0% rural). Population change since 2000: +12. 7% Median resident age: 51. 4 years Oregon median age: 39. 3 years Zip codes: 97535. Estimated median household income in 2017: $41, 753 ( it was $31, 701 in 2000) Phoenix: $41, 753 OR: $60, 212 Estimated per capita income in 2017: $26, 008 ( it was $16, 828 in 2000) Phoenix city income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2017: $201, 179 ( it was $94, 600 in 2000) Phoenix: $201, 179 OR: $319, 200 Mean prices in 2017: all housing units: $329, 800; detached houses: $380, 448; townhouses or other attached units: $307, 710; in 2-unit structures: $321, 231; in 3-to-4-unit structures: $660, 042; in 5-or-more-unit structures: $203, 740; mobile homes: $101, 967; occupied boats, rvs, vans, etc. : $10, 931 Median gross rent in 2017: $737. March 2019 cost of living index in Phoenix: 97. 0 (near average, U. S. average is 100) Phoenix, OR residents, houses, and apartments details Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2017: 15. 8% (17. 1% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 5. 4% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 100. 0% for American Indian residents, 6. 8% for two or more races residents) Detailed information about poverty and poor residents in Phoenix, OR Profiles of local businesses Business Search - 14 Million verified businesses Crime rates in Phoenix by year Type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Murders (per 100, 000) 0 (0. 0) 0 (0. 0) Rapes (per 100, 000) 1 (22. 5) 4 (89. 9) 1 (22. 6) 1 (23. 2) 0 (0. 0) 1 (22. 8) 2 (43. 6) 1 (21. 7) 2 (43. 5) 1 (21. 6) 0 (0. 0) 1 (21. 8) 5 (108. 4) 2 (43. 5) Robberies (per 100, 000) 0 (0. 0) 2 (45. 8) 0 (0. 7) 3 (65. 2) 1 (21. 6) 2 (44. 1) 4 (87. 4) 4 (86. 5) Assaults (per 100, 000) 1 (22. 5) 1 (22. 6) 3 (69. 5) 5 (112. 9) 0 (0. 0) 3 (65. 4) 3 (65. 0) 2 (43. 3) 10 (220. 5) 3 (65. 5) 2 (43. 3) 5 (108. 8) Burglaries (per 100, 000) 17 (383. 2) 12 (269. 8) 14 (317. 0) 16 (370. 5) 9 (203. 2) 22 (501. 5) 20 (436. 1) 8 (173. 6) 16 (347. 8) 25 (541. 2) 11 (242. 6) 16 (349. 5) 16 (346. 8) 30 (652. 6) Thefts (per 100, 000) 148 (3, 336) 112 (2, 519) 108 (2, 446) 109 (2, 524) 61 (1, 377) 77 (1, 755) 114 (2, 486) 118 (2, 561) 89 (1, 935) 72 (1, 559) 109 (2, 404) 142 (3, 102) 157 (3, 403) 202 (4, 394) Auto thefts (per 100, 000) 7 (157. 8) 6 (134. 9) 7 (158. 5) 5 (115. 8) 2 (45. 2) 8 (182. 4) 7 (151. 9) 7 (152. 2) 7 (151. 5) 9 (198. 5) 14 (305. 8) 22 (476. 8) 10 (217. 5) Arson (per 100, 000) 2 (45. 1) 0 (0. 0) 2 (44. 0) crime index (higher means more crime, U. average = 274. 0) 195. 4 220. 4 162. 1 175. 5 95. 5 145. 0 183. 2 163. 7 185. 7 144. 8 186. 3 229. 8 319. 9 308. 5 The crime rate weighs serious crimes and violent crimes more heavily. It adjusts for the number of visitors and daily workers commuting into cities. Click on a table row to update graph Crime rate in Phoenix detailed stats: murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, arson Full-time law enforcement employees in 2018, including police officers: 11 (9 officers). Officers per 1, 000 residents here: 1. 96 Oregon average: 1. 53 Latest news from Phoenix, OR collected exclusively by from local newspapers, TV, and radio stations Ancestries: American (14. 3%), German (13. 6%), English (12. 1%), Irish (10. 8%), Norwegian (4. 9%), Welsh (2. 8%). Current Local Time: PST time zone Incorporated in 1910 Elevation: 1543 feet Land area: 1. 25 square miles. Population density: 3, 663 people per square mile   (average). 222 residents are foreign born (2. 0% Latin America, 0. 9% Europe). This city: 4. 8% Oregon: 9. 9% Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2017: $2, 186 (0. 9%) Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2017: $881 (0. 9%) Nearest city with pop. 50, 000+: Medford, OR (4. 5 miles, pop. 63, 154). Nearest city with pop. 200, 000+: Northwest Clackamas, OR (216. 2 miles, pop. 224, 220). Nearest city with pop. 1, 000, 000+: Los Angeles, CA (615. 3, 694, 820). Nearest cities: Latitude: 42. 27 N, Longitude: 122. 82 W Nickname or alias (official or unofficial): The Other Phoenix Area code: 541 Phoenix, Oregon accommodation & food services, waste management - Economy and Business Data Unemployment in March 2019: Population change in the 1990s: +580 (+16. 7%). Most common industries in Phoenix, OR (%) Both Males Females Health care (9. 6%) Educational services (9. 5%) Accommodation & food services (8. 1%) Construction (5. 6%) Food & beverage stores (4. 5%) Truck transportation (3. 7%) Arts, entertainment, recreation (3. 6%) Most common occupations in Phoenix, OR (%) Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (6. 0%) Other sales and related occupations, including supervisors (5. 9%) Other office and administrative support workers, including supervisors (4. 6%) Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers (3. 8%) Other management occupations, except farmers and farm managers (3. 8%) Laborers and material movers, hand (3. 7%) Driver/sales workers and truck drivers (3. 7%) Average climate in Phoenix, Oregon Based on data reported by over 4, 000 weather stations Air pollution and air quality trends (lower is better) AQI CO PM 2. 5 Air Quality Index (AQI) level in 2017 was 106. This is significantly worse than average. Earthquake activity: Phoenix-area historical earthquake activity is above Oregon state average. It is 461% greater than the overall U. average. On 1/31/1922 at 13:17:28, a magnitude 7. 6 (7. 6 UK, Class: Major, Intensity: VIII - XII) earthquake occurred 178. 7 miles away from the city center On 11/8/1980 at 10:27:34, a magnitude 7. 2 (6. 2 MB, 7. 2 MS, 7. 2 MW, 7. 0 ML) earthquake occurred 111. 1 miles away from Phoenix center On 4/18/1906 at 13:12:21, a magnitude 7. 9 (7. 9 UK) earthquake occurred 295. 8 miles away from Phoenix center, causing $524, 000, 000 total damage On 4/25/1992 at 18:06:04, a magnitude 7. 3 MB, 7. 1 MS, 7. 1 MW, Depth: 9. 4 mi) earthquake occurred 148. 1 miles away from the city center, causing $75, 000, 000 total damage On 8/17/1991 at 22:17:14, a magnitude 7. 1 (6. 1 MW, 6. 8 ML, Depth: 8. 4 mi) earthquake occurred 146. 8 miles away from Phoenix center On 6/15/2005 at 02:50:54, a magnitude 7. 1 MB, 7. 9 mi) earthquake occurred 179. 3 miles away from the city center Magnitude types: body-wave magnitude (MB), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW) Natural disasters: The number of natural disasters in Jackson County (10) is smaller than the US average (13). Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 4 Emergencies Declared: 2 Causes of natural disasters: Fires: 4, Floods: 4, Storms: 2, Drought: 1, Heavy Rain: 1, Hurricane: 1, Landslide: 1, Mudslide: 1, Snow: 1, Winter Storm: 1 (Note: some incidents may be assigned to more than one category). Hospitals and medical centers near Phoenix: ROGUE VALLEY CARE CENTER (Nursing Home, about 1 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) ROGUE VALLEY MANOR (Nursing Home, about 3 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) ROGUE VALLEY DIALYSIS SERVICES (Dialysis Facility, about 3 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) HEARTHSTONE NURSING AND REHABILITATION CENTER (Nursing Home, about 3 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) ACCENTCARE HOME HEALTH OF ROGUE VALLEY, LLC (Home Health Center, about 3 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) ASANTE ROGUE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER Acute Care Hospitals (about 3 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) RVMC HOME CARE SERVICES HOSPIC (Hospital, about 4 miles away; MEDFORD, OR) Amtrak stations near Phoenix: 5 miles: MEDFORD (212 N. BARTLETTE ST. ) - Bus Station. Services: enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public payphones, free short-term parking, call for taxi service. 9 miles: ASHLAND (STATE HWY. 99) - Bus Station. Services: public payphones, free short-term parking. Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Phoenix: Southern Oregon University ( about 9 miles; Ashland, OR; Full-time enrollment: 4, 650) Rogue Community College ( about 31 miles; Grants Pass, OR; FT enrollment: 3, 600) Oregon Institute of Technology ( about 53 miles; Klamath Falls, OR; FT enrollment: 2, 900) Humboldt State University ( about 117 miles; Arcata, CA; FT enrollment: 7, 353) Shasta College ( about 117 miles; Redding, CA; FT enrollment: 5, 645) Lane Community College ( about 121 miles; Eugene, OR; FT enrollment: 6, 373) University of Oregon ( about 124 miles; Eugene, OR; FT enrollment: 23, 329) Public elementary/middle school in Phoenix: PHOENIX ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ( Students: 435, Location: 215 N ROSE ST, Grades: KG-5) See full list of schools located in Phoenix Points of interest: Click to draw/clear city borders Notable locations in Phoenix: Phoenix Historical Society Museum (A), Phoenix City Hall (B), Phoenix Branch Library (C), Phoenix Fire Department (D), Rogue Valley Genealogical Society Library (E). Display/hide their locations on the map Cemetery: Phoenix Cemetery (1). Display/hide its location on the map Creek: Payne Creek (A). Display/hide its location on the map Tourist attraction: Phoenix Historical Society (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 607 North Church Street). Hotels: Pear Tree Motel (3730 Fern Valley Road), Bavarian Inn Motel (636 North Main Street), Phoenix Motel (510 North Main Street). Birthplace of: Tami Farrell - Miss Teen USA 2003. Jackson County has a predicted average indoor radon screening level less than 2 pCi/L (pico curies per liter) - Low Potential Drinking water stations with addresses in Phoenix and their reported violations in the past: SOUTH VALLEY CHURCH ( Population served: 70, Groundwater): Past monitoring violations: One regular monitoring violation RISING SUN FARMS INC ( Population served: 40, Groundwater): Past health violations: MCL, Acute (TCR) - Between JUL-2011 and SEP-2011, Contaminant: Coliform. Follow-up actions: St Public Notif requested (JUL-14-2011), St Violation/Reminder Notice (AUG-01-2011), St Compliance achieved (MAR-12-2013) Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R - In JAN-01-2005, Contaminant: Lead and Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (NOV-16-2005) Follow-up Or Routine LCR Tap M/R - In JAN-01-2004, Contaminant: Lead and Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (NOV-16-2005) Initial Tap Sampling for Pb and Cu - In JAN-01-2003, Contaminant: Lead and Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (NOV-16-2005) Initial Tap Sampling for Pb and Cu - In JUL-01-2002, Contaminant: Lead and Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (NOV-16-2005) Initial Tap Sampling for Pb and Cu - In JAN-01-2001, Contaminant: Lead and Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Compliance achieved (NOV-16-2005) 7 routine major monitoring violations 3 regular monitoring violations One other older monitoring violation Average household size: This city: 2. 3 people Oregon: 2. 5 people Percentage of family households: This city: 58. 9% Whole state: 63. 4% Percentage of households with unmarried partners: This city: 6. 9% Whole state: 8. 0% Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households) Lesbian couples: 0. 2% of all households Gay men: 0. 5% of all households 23 people in group homes intended for adults in 2010 3 people in other group homes in 2000 3 people in agriculture workers' dormitories on farms in 2000 Banks with branches in Phoenix (2011 data): Wells Fargo Bank, National Association: Phoenix In-Store Branch at 735 North Main Street, branch established on 1997/09/05. Info updated 2011/04/05: Bank assets: $1, 161, 490. 0 mil, Deposits: $905, 653. 0 mil, headquarters in Sioux Falls, SD, positive income, 6395 total offices, Holding Company: Wells Fargo & Company Umpqua Bank: Phoenix Branch at 4000 South Pacific Highway, branch established on 1980/01/31. Info updated 2011/09/02: Bank assets: $11, 556. 7 mil, Deposits: $9, 325. 3 mil, headquarters in Roseburg, OR, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 193 total offices, Holding Company: Umpqua Holdings Corporation For population 15 years and over in Phoenix: Never married: 27. 2% Now married: 41. 6% Separated: 2. 7% Widowed: 10. 6% Divorced: 17. 9% For population 25 years and over in Phoenix: High school or higher: 90. 7% Bachelor's degree or higher: 19. 9% Graduate or professional degree: 7. 3% Unemployed: 9. 4% Mean travel time to work (commute): 16. 2 minutes Education Gini index (Inequality in education) Here: 9. 9 Oregon average: 11. 2 Graphs represent county-level data. Detailed 2008 Election Results Political contributions by individuals in Phoenix, OR Religion statistics for Phoenix, OR (based on Jackson County data) Religion Adherents Congregations Evangelical Protestant 25, 890 122 Catholic 16, 565 6 Other 10, 057 44 Mainline Protestant 5, 252 23 Orthodox 100 2 None 145, 342 - Source: Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley and Richard 2012. 2010 ligion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center. Graphs represent county-level data Food Environment Statistics: Number of grocery stores: 33 This county: 1. 66 / 10, 000 pop. Oregon: 2. 03 / 10, 000 pop. Number of supercenters and club stores: 6 Jackson County: 0. 30 / 10, 000 pop. State: 0. 33 / 10, 000 pop. Number of convenience stores (no gas): 45 Jackson County: 2. 26 / 10, 000 pop. State: 2. 01 / 10, 000 pop. Number of convenience stores (with gas): 33 Jackson County: 1. Oregon: 1. 69 / 10, 000 pop. Number of full-service restaurants: 199 Jackson County: 10. 00 / 10, 000 pop. State: 9. 93 / 10, 000 pop. Adult diabetes rate: This county: 7. 9% Oregon: 7. 4% Adult obesity rate: Jackson County: 23. 2% Oregon: 25. 6% Low-income preschool obesity rate: This county: 11. 1% Oregon: 14. 2% Health and Nutrition: Average overall health of teeth and gums: Phoenix: 42. 3% Oregon: 45. 3% Average BMI: Phoenix: 28. 6 State: 28. 5 People feeling badly about themselves: Phoenix: 22. 8% Oregon: 21. 9% People not drinking alcohol at all: Phoenix: 12. 0% Oregon: 10. 3% Average hours sleeping at night: Overweight people: Phoenix: 33. 6% Oregon: 33. 1% General health condition: This city: 51. 6% Oregon: 55. 4% Average condition of hearing: Phoenix: 74. 9% Oregon: 78. 3% More about Health and Nutrition of Phoenix, OR Residents Local government employment and payroll (March 2012) Function Full-time employees Monthly full-time payroll Average yearly full-time wage Part-time employees Monthly part-time payroll Other Government Administration 8 $28, 612 $42, 918 0 $0 Police Protection - Officers 8 $41, 032 $61, 548 0 $0 Financial Administration 1 $6, 292 $75, 504 0 $0 Water Supply 1 $4, 288 $51, 456 0 $0 Streets and Highways 1 $3, 864 $46, 368 0 $0 Police - Other 1 $2, 720 $32, 640 0 $0 Parks and Recreation 1 $4, 264 $51, 168 0 $0 Firefighters 0 $0   0 $0 Totals for Government 21 $91, 072 $52, 041 0 $0 Phoenix government finances - Expenditure in 2012 (per resident): Current Operations - Police Protection: $1, 026, 000 ($224. 21) Water Utilities: $1, 013, 000 ($221. 37) Central Staff Services: $668, 000 ($145. 98) Regular Highways: $320, 000 ($69. 93) Financial Administration: $166, 000 ($36. 28) Total Salaries and Wages: $1, 698, 000 ($371. 07) Water Utilities - Interest on Debt: $105, 000 ($22. 95) Phoenix government finances - Revenue in 2012 (per resident): Charges - Regular Highways: $214, 000 ($46. 77) Miscellaneous - Fines and Forfeits: $95, 000 ($20. 76) Interest Earnings: $19, 000 ($4. 15) General Revenue - Other: $4, 000 ($0. 87) Revenue - Water Utilities: $1, 108, 000 ($242. 13) State Intergovernmental - Highways: $281, 000 ($61. 41) General Local Government Support: $26, 000 ($5. 68) Other: $24, 000 ($5. 24) Tax - Property: $941, 000 ($205. 64) Phoenix government finances - Debt in 2012 (per resident): Long Term Debt - Beginning Outstanding - Unspecified Public Purpose: $2, 628, 000 ($574. 30) Outstanding Unspecified Public Purpose: $2, 311, 000 ($505. 03) Retired Unspecified Public Purpose: $317, 000 ($69. 27) Phoenix government finances - Cash and Securities in 2012 (per resident): Other Funds - Cash and Securities: $3, 586, 000 ($783. 65) Sinking Funds - Cash and Securities: $233, 000 ($50. 92) 6. 53% of this county's 2016 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2015 ($51, 960 average adjusted gross income) Here: 6. 53% Oregon average: 8. 52% 0. 04% of residents moved from foreign countries ($209 average AGI) Jackson County: 0. 04% Oregon average: 0. 05% Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2015 and 2016: 5. 22% of this county's 2015 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2016 ($43, 590 average adjusted gross income) Here: 5. 22% Oregon average: 7. 23% 0. 03% of residents moved to foreign countries ($145 average AGI) Jackson County: 0. 03% Oregon average: 0. 06% Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2015 and 2016: Businesses in Phoenix, OR Name Count Name Count AT&T 1 Kincaid 1 Circle K 1 La-Z-Boy 1 FedEx 1 Subway 1 Home Depot 1 Strongest AM radio stations in Phoenix: KAPL (1300 AM; 20 kW; PHOENIX, OR; Owner: APPLEGATE MEDIA, INC. ) KMED (1440 AM; 5 kW; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. P. ) KLVB (730 AM; 1 kW; MEDFORD, OR) KCMX (880 AM; 1 kW; PHOENIX, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) KTMT (580 AM; 10 kW; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) KRTA (610 AM; 5 kW; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: OPUS BROADCASTING SYSTEMS, INC. ) KSJK (1230 AM; 1 kW; TALENT, OR; Owner: ST. OF OR. ACT & ST. BD. OF HGR ED. ) KAJO (1270 AM; 10 kW; GRANTS PASS, OR; Owner: GRANTS PASS BROADCASTING CORPORATION) KGRV (700 AM; 25 kW; WINSTON, OR; Owner: PACIFIC CASCADE COMMUNICATIONS CORP. ) KAGI (930 AM; 5 kW; GRANTS PASS, OR; Owner: SOUTHERN OREGON STATE COLLEGE) KDUN (1030 AM; 50 kW; REEDSPORT, OR; Owner: PAMPLIN BROADCASTING-OREGON, INC. ) KPNW (1120 AM; 50 kW; EUGENE, OR; Owner: CAPSTAR TX LIMITED PARTNERSHIP) KPOJ (620 AM; 50 kW; PORTLAND, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) Strongest FM radio stations in Phoenix: KIFS (107. 5 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) K204CY (88. 7 FM; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOUNDATION) KSMF (89. 1 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: STATE OF OREGON/STATE BD HIGHER EDUC) K216DR (91. 1 FM; CENTRAL POINT, OR; Owner: EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOUNDATION) KSRG (88. 3 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: ST. BOARD OF HIGHER ED/SO. OR ST COL) K209CP (89. 7 FM; TALENT, OR; Owner: EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOUNDATION) K227AA (93. 3 FM; ASHLAND, ETC., OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) K284AE (104. 7 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) K214BO (90. 7 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: FAMILY STATIONS, INC. ) KLDZ (103. 5 FM; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) K254AD (98. 7 FM; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: GRANTS PASS BROADCASTING CORPORATION) KZZE (106. 3 FM; EAGLE POINT, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) KAKT (105. 1 FM; PHOENIX, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) KTMT-FM (93. 7 FM; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) KCMX-FM (101. 9 FM; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: MAPLETON COMMUNICATIONS, LLC) KROG (96. 9 FM; GRANTS PASS, OR; Owner: OPUS BROADCASTING SYSTEMS, INC. ) KRRM (94. 7 FM; ROGUE RIVER, OR; Owner: SHIRLEY M. BELL) K290AF (105. 9 FM; ROGUE RIVER, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) KLDR (98. 3 FM; HARBECK-FRUITDALE, OR; Owner: GRANTS PASS BROADCASTING CORP. ) K266AC (101. 1 FM; ROGUE RIVER, OR; Owner: CITICASTERS LICENSES, L. ) TV broadcast stations around Phoenix: KMVU ( Channel 26; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: BROADCASTING LICENSES, L. ) K34DJ ( Channel 34; PHOENIX, ETC., OR; Owner: SOUTHERN OREGON PUBLIC TELEVISION) K04EO ( Channel 4; ASHLAND, ETC., OR; Owner: FREEDOM BROADCASTING OF OREGON, INC. ) K16CU ( Channel 16; PHOENIX, TALENT, OR; Owner: FREEDOM BROADCASTING OF OREGON, INC. ) K32DY ( Channel 32; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: CALIFORNIA OREGON BROADCASTING, INC. ) K39EF ( Channel 39; ASHLAND, OR; Owner: WATCHTV, INC. ) K52EE ( Channel 52; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: BETTER LIFE TELEVISION) KTVL ( Channel 10; MEDFORD, OR; Owner: FREEDOM BROADCASTING OF OREGON, INC. ) K07RQ ( Channel 7; JACKSONVILLE, OR; Owner: SOUTHERN OREGON PUBLIC TELEVISION) K21BG ( Channel 21; JACKSONVILLE, OR; Owner: SODA MOUNTAIN BROADCASTING, INC. ) Phoenix fatal accident statistics for 1975 - 2017 See more detailed statistics of Phoenix fatal car crashes and road traffic accidents for 1975 - 2017 here National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics 5 Number of bridges 98ft / 29. 9m Total length 144, 054 Total average daily traffic 22, 019 Total average daily truck traffic FCC Registered Antenna Towers: 9 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Antenna Towers in Phoenix) FCC Registered Private Land Mobile Towers: 1 Mount Baldy 3 Mi Ne ( Lat: 42. 299028 Lon: -122. 750028), Structure height: 21 m, Call Sign: KNJH997, Assigned Frequencies: 856. 037 MHz, 857. 037 MHz, 858. 037 MHz, 859. 037 MHz, 860. 037 MHz, 861. 962 MHz, 862. 962 MHz, 863. 962 MHz, 864. 962 MHz, 865. 962 MHz, Grant Date: 12/23/2008, Expiration Date: 01/30/2019, Cancellation Date: 06/27/2012, Registrant: Sprint Nextel Corporation, 12502 Sunrise Valley Drive, M/S: Varesa0209, Reston, VA 20196, Phone: (703) 433-4000, Fax: (703) 433-4483 FCC Registered Broadcast Land Mobile Towers: 3 City Hall 510 W First St ( Lat: 42. 270972 Lon: -122. 819750), Call Sign: WZM998, Licensee ID: L00320376, Assigned Frequencies: 155. 670 MHz, Grant Date: 07/03/2004, Expiration Date: 07/13/2014, Cancellation Date: 09/13/2014, Registrant: City Of Phoenix, 510 W First St City Hall, Phoenix, OR 97535, Phone: (503) 535-1113 Lat: 42. 298194 Lon: -122. 750861, Call Sign: WPDS300, Assigned Frequencies: 461. 375 MHz, 463. 300 MHz, 466. 375 MHz, 468. 300 MHz, Grant Date: 07/21/2009, Expiration Date: 09/21/2019, Registrant: Lukas, Nace, Gutierrez & Sachs, LLP, 8300 Greensboro Drive, Ste. 1200, Mclean, VA 22102, Phone: (703) 584-8676, Fax: (703) 584-8696, Email: 3345 North Phoenix Rd ( Lat: 42. 282500 Lon: -122. 815000), Call Sign: WQHE533, Assigned Frequencies: 467. 762 MHz, 467. 837 MHz, 467. 850 MHz, 467. 875 MHz, 467. 900 MHz, Grant Date: 06/27/2017, Expiration Date: 07/12/2027, Certifier: Jim Fisher, Registrant: Advanced Wireless Communications, 20809 Kensington Blvd, Lakeville, MN 55044, Phone: (952) 469-5400, Fax: (952) 469-0170, Email: FCC Registered Microwave Towers: 1 PHOENIX, 4401 S Pacific Highway ( Lat: 42. 271611 Lon: -122. 810556), Type: Mtower, Structure height: 36. 9 m, Overall height: 38. 4 m, Call Sign: WQXG503, Assigned Frequencies: 5945. 20 MHz, Grant Date: 02/26/2016, Expiration Date: 02/26/2026, Certifier: John E Monday, Registrant: At&t Mobility LLC, 208 S. Akard St., Rm 1015, Dallas, TX 75202, Phone: (855) 699-7073, Fax: (214) 746-6410, Email: FCC Registered Paging Towers: 5 Mount Baldy, 4. 8 Kilometers Northeast Of ( Lat: 42. 299000 Lon: -122. 750028), Overall height: 48 m, Call Sign: KNLS595, Assigned Frequencies: 931. 812 MHz, Grant Date: 04/17/1998, Expiration Date: 04/17/2008, Cancellation Date: 09/27/2002, Registrant: Mobilemedia Communications, Inc., Debtor-In-Possession, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 935, Arlington, VA 22201, Phone: (703) 312-5153, Fax: (703) 312-5155, Email: MOUNT BALDE, 2. 42 Km East Of Phoenix ( Lat: 42. 295111 Lon: -122. 751139), Structure height: 9. 1 m, Overall height: 1122. 5 m, Call Sign: KNKL929, Assigned Frequencies: 931. 212 MHz, Expiration Date: 04/01/1999, Cancellation Date: 06/05/1999, Registrant: Young & Jatlow, 2300 N Street, N. W. Suite 600, Washington, DC 20037, Phone: (202) 663-9080 Mount Balde, 2. 42 Km E Of ( Lat: 42. 751139), Overall height: 7. 6 m, Call Sign: KNKL939, Licensee ID: L01422065, Assigned Frequencies: 931. 212 MHz, 931. 612 MHz, Grant Date: 05/07/2019, Expiration Date: 04/01/2029, Certifier: Shawn E Endsley, Registrant: Spok, Inc., 3000 Technology Dr., Ste. 400, Plano, TX 75074, Phone: (972) 801-0177, Fax: (888) 833-7112, Email: Mt Baldy, 3 Mi Ne Of ( Lat: 42. 750028), Overall height: 21. 3 m, Call Sign: WQZD509, Assigned Frequencies: 931. 937 MHz, Grant Date: 04/23/2019, Expiration Date: 04/01/2029, Certifier: J. Roy Pottle, Registrant: Wilkinson Barker Knauer, LLP, 1800 M Street, Nw, Suite 800n, Washington, DC 20036, Phone: (202) 783-4141, Fax: (202) 783-5851, Email: Mt Baldy, 3 Mi. Ne Of ( Lat: 42. 750028), Call Sign: KNKP485, Assigned Frequencies: 931. 437 MHz, Grant Date: 08/19/1999, Expiration Date: 04/01/2009, Cancellation Date: 11/10/2004, Registrant: Skytel Corp., 500 Clinton Center Drive, Clinton, MS 39056, Phone: (601) 460-3890, Fax: (601) 460-3889, Email: FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses: 46 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses in Phoenix) FAA Registered Aircraft: 9 ( See the full list of FAA Registered Aircraft in Phoenix) 2006 National Fire Incident Reporting System Incidents: See full 2006 National Fire Incident Reporting System statistics for Phoenix, OR Most common first names in Phoenix, OR among deceased individuals Name Count Lived (average) Mary 36 79. 2 years William 27 76. 9 years James 26 73. 7 years Robert 24 74. 9 years John 23 77. 1 years Charles 17 75. 4 years Joseph 14 81. 4 years Dorothy 13 73. 1 years Donald 12 79. 2 years Richard 12 67. 2 years Most common last names in Phoenix, OR among deceased individuals Last name Count Lived (average) Smith 21 79. 3 years Davis 10 82. 8 years Martin 9 81. 4 years Anderson 8 80. 5 years Cook 7 79. 2 years Brown 6 82. 0 years Hamilton 6 78. 7 years Jones 6 78. 7 years Taylor 6 73. 0 years Baker 5 79. 6 years Phoenix compared to Oregon state average: Median house value below state average. Black race population percentage below state average. Median age above state average. Foreign-born population percentage below state average. Length of stay since moving in above state average. There are 8 pilots and 5 other airmen in this city. Top Patent Applicants Dickinson Buell (1) T Scott Dunn (1) Paula Joyce Truesdell (1) Timothy Mcgarry (1) Total of 4 patent applications in 2008-2020.

Sushi & Bento # 1 of 9 seafood restaurants in Phoenix Sushi $ $ $$ Opens at 11:00 Esaan Cafe # 2 of 9 seafood restaurants in Phoenix Thai La Tapatia # 3 of 9 seafood restaurants in Phoenix Mexican $ $$$ Opens at 09:00 El Comal # 4 of 9 seafood restaurants in Phoenix Seafood $ $$$ Opens at 11:00 # 1 of 10 steak restaurants in Phoenix Tacos Michel # 4 of 10 steak restaurants in Phoenix $ $$$ Opens at 10:00 Restaurant Guru Download our free app for your Android or iPhone device Restaurant features in Phoenix See more Less Best restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon / 29 Sort by Rating Distance Distance/rating Michelin Trip Yelp Frommer's Zomato Google Zagat Foursquare Facebook Current location Point on map Phoenix city center. Show ratings Open now Find restaurants that are open now Open at... Open on Thursday at 08:30 and 1+ hour 0. 2 km In radius 0. 2 km from Phoenix city center 0. 5 km In radius 0. 5 km from Phoenix city center 1 km In radius 1 km from Phoenix city center 2 km In radius 2 km from Phoenix city center 5 km In radius 5 km from Phoenix city center 10 km In radius 10 km from Phoenix city center 20 km In radius 20 km from Phoenix city center 50 km In radius 50 km from Phoenix city center 75 km In radius 75 km from Phoenix city center 100 km In radius 100 km from Phoenix city center Within Phoenix Narrow results by city Price $ Cheap $$ Moderate $$$ Expensive $$$$ Very expensive Collections Best fast food restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best pubs & bars in Phoenix, Oregon Best american restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best chinese restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best vegetarian restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best steak restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best pizza restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best seafood restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best bbqs in Phoenix, Oregon Best restaurants with desserts in Phoenix, Oregon Best sushi restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best lunch in Phoenix, Oregon Best dinner restaurants in Phoenix, Oregon Best restaurants with a great location in Phoenix, Oregon Types Cuisines Dishes Features Clear all Apply 29 results found.

It may be an unpopular opinion, but by knowing the surprise I actually got interested in watching the movie. Of course, that being that I know jackshit about Bloodshot. Before that it was just a comic book adaptation with Vin Diesel thrown in cuz he's Vin Diesel; now, after the reveal, it's a pretty intriguing action film. I'm conflicted. Phoenix 2c oregon free time. Absolutely nobody: This trailer: Want to watch an entire movie in a few minutes? Lol. Phoenix oregon free day.

Got to catch Phoenix, Oregon when it screened in SF recently. What a delightful movie. The acting is great, the storyline is heart-felt without being too sentimental, and there are a cast of unexpected characters that are funny and believable. Go see it in theatre or catch it when it comes to Netflix. Phoenix 2c oregon free hotel. Var ListPage = { maxTries: 20, interval: 0, xhrRequests: [], update: function(url, count, callback){ var fingerprint = "&t=" + (new Date(). getTime()); var reqcount = "&req_count=" + count; ("on"); var self = this; var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); ("GET", url + fingerprint + reqcount, true); (req); req. onreadystatechange = function() { if (adyState === 4 && ( === 200 || === 202)) { eval(sponseText); ("off"); if ( === 200 ||! == 202) callback(); if ( === 202) { if (count < xTries) { setTimeout(function(){(url, ++count, callback)}, terval); terval += 100;} else { callback();}}}}; (null);}, loader: function(status) { var spinnerD = document. querySelector('. spinnersD'); var spinnerM = document. spinnersM'); if (spinnerD && spinnerM) { if (status === "on") { assName = "spinnersD shownow"; assName = "spinnersM shownow";} else { // hide assName = "spinnersD"; assName = "spinnersM";}}}, ajax: function(url, callback) { (url, 1, callback);}}; (", function(status){ if (status === 200) { ();}}); var HotelRates = { hotels: "", ajaxCalls: function(tryIndex) { if () { (" + "&" +, tryIndex, function(){ var placeholder = document. querySelectorAll('. metasearch_featured. placeholder'); for (var i = 0; i <; i++) { placeholder[i]'none';}});}}, ajax: function() { this. ajaxCalls(1);}, singleAjax: function() { this. ajaxCalls(xTries);}};
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Phoenix 2c oregon free club. Phoenix 2c oregon free street. Methheads need guns too. Phoenix oregon free fire. World Time Clock and TimeZones Map USA Time Clock Oregon map Jackson County map Phoenix on Google Map X World Clock Time Zone Map Europe Time Map Australia Time Map US Time Map Canada Time Map World Time Directory Contact Us Free Clocks en Phoenix Neighborhood Map. Where is Phoenix, Oregon? If you are planning on traveling to Phoenix, use this interactive map to help you locate everything from food to hotels to tourist destinations. The street map of Phoenix is the most basic version which provides you with a comprehensive outline of the city’s essentials. The satellite view will help you to navigate your way through foreign places with more precise image of the location. View Google Map for locations near Phoenix: Talent, Medford, Ashland, Jacksonville, Central Point Interactive Map of Phoenix area As you browse around the map, you can select different parts of the map by pulling across it interactively as well as zoom in and out it to find: Where is Phoenix, Oregon located on the world map Where is Phoenix located on the Oregon map Where is Phoenix located on the Jackson county map You can also expand it to fill the entire screen rather than just working with the map on one part of the screen. Navigate your way through foreign places with the help of more personalized maps. Use the satellite view, narrow down your search interactively, save to PDF to get a free printable Phoenix plan. Click this icon on the map to see the satellite view, which will dive in deeper into the inner workings of Phoenix. Free printable PDF Map of Phoenix, Jackson county Feel free to download the PDF version of the Phoenix, OR map so that you can easily access it while you travel without any means to the Internet. Directions If you are looking for directions to Phoenix, OR rather than an online map of all of the places that you are interested in visiting, you also have the option of finding and saving the directions for future use. Helpful Information for tourists You are also able to narrow down your search by selecting only restaurants, for example, that way you can have a list of exactly what it is that you are searching for. You can also use our search box in order to locate any other places that you are interested in finding. Recommended hotels Recommended restaurants What to do in Phoenix Shopping in Phoenix Get your hands on some new items that you can’t find back home! Here, find some of the best malls that boast the widest selections or charming markets that offer a variety of quality local goods. Phoenix’s malls: Cascade Shopping Center Park and Ride Educational Institutions in Phoenix Take a look at what Phoenix’s educational institutions look like such as their schools, colleges, and universities. Some even offer tours that way you can get an in depth idea into all that they have to offer. In addition, Phoenix boasts many architecturally elaborate libraries that not only hold copious amounts of books, but also act as great studying spaces. Schools: Hanby Middle School, Reese Creek School (historical), Roosevelt Elementary School, Oak Grove Elementary School, Patrick Elementary School, Lone Pine Elementary School, Madrone Trail Public Charter School, Talent Elementary School, Abraham Lincoln Elementary School, Bellview Elementary School Libraries: Applegate Branch Library, Ashland Public Library, Gold Hill Library, Medford Branch Library, Phoenix Branch Library, Ruch Branch Library, Talent Branch Library, Hannon Library, Eagle Point Library, Rogue Valley Genealogical Society Library Stadiums and Sports Activities in Phoenix Watch Phoenix’s home team play in the stadium for a nice evening out filled with good food and lots of emotions. However, whenever you are in the mood for a more dynamic activity, there are a number of different parks, athletic fields, and golf courses that you can visit. Golf courses: Oak Knoll Golf Course Parks: Calle Guanajuato, Clay Street Park, Garden Way Park, Glenwood Park, Hald/Strawberry Park, Scenic Park, Sherwood Park, Skateboard Park, Cantrall Buckley County Park, Britt Garden County Park Phoenix’s airports Easily locate airports with identifiers such as IATA, or International Air Transport Association, and ICAO, otherwise known as the International Civil Aviation Organization. In addition, however, you will also find the locations of the nearest airports. Airports: East Oregon Cattle Company Airport, Burrill Airport, Roseburg Lumber Company Airstrip, Mountain View Air Park, Oakridge Ranch Airport, Fly By Night Airport, Rogue Valley International - Medford Airport, Aeropuerto de los Banditos, Sutton on Rogue Airport Copyright © 2005 - 2020 All rights reserved.

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Wow DCEU history goes Waaaaay back. I'm liking what DC is doing🙏

Photos Weather Average temperature ( C° / F°) Average precipitation (mm) Top Phoenix restaurants $ $$$ Mexican, Breakfast & Brunch Popular with Families Foodies Coffee and Tea, Chain Restaurant Phoenix 42. 2754058 -122. 818092 Eric Brink Pleasant Hill, California, USA First to Review The Phoenix area was settled in about 1850 by brothers Hiram and Samuel Colver. It was initially known as Gasburg. Phoenix is located 3 miles SW of Medford and on the to way to Jacksonville and coming from Talent and then Ashland. This is still Jackson County and these parts have a population of about 4500. It's a great town to be from.

 

Phoenix oregon free stuff. Phoenix 2c oregon free district. I like your expression after drinking the Lithia water but you had to try it! I was in Ireland years ago and was hesitant to kiss the Blarney Stone but I knew I had to. Also watching this 1st vlog shows how much your editing & preplanning of shots/B-roll have grown. v/r RD. Phoenix is calling — find the perfect hotel Everyone wants to score a deal on travel, but price is just one factor to consider when booking an unforgettable hotel. Whether you’re visiting family, attending a conference or taking a well-earned vacation in Phoenix, having an awesome experience should be a no-brainer. Hotwire will hook you up! From restful nights near your flight to that prime spot in the city’s heart, we’ve done our research to bring the best options to your fingertips. Book your Phoenix hotel with us now and start your next adventure. You’re not the average traveler — and we know it You’ve done your homework and know exactly where you want to go. We’re here to help with some Hotwire travel geek-approved tips on how to save on your booking. Get away for the weekend Hotels in bigger cities usually charge higher rates during the week, when people are traveling for business. Weekends can be a bargain! It’s the other way around for vacation spots, so if you’re looking for a beach escape, consider a mid-week trip. Give yourself some wiggle room If your plans are flexible, play around with some different travel dates – a shift of a few days either way can help you save big. Prices usually jump the weekends before and after popular holidays, so we recommend steering clear of them. Or consider visiting during the off-season, when prices are generally lower. Plan around big events Are prices surprisingly high? There might be a huge conference or festival in town. Consider shifting your dates if you can. Of course, if that’s why you’re going, you’ll have to bite the bullet. We’ll still work to get you the best rates out there. Noodle over new adventures Set aside time to plan what you want to see, taste and discover. Nothing completes a trip, big or small, like a few new experiences! Check city apps or area websites to find out what’s new and what events are happening during your stay. Even during a family reunion, you can detour to that locals-only fish taco stand or under-the-radar music club. Your cousins will be impressed.
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Phoenix, Oregon free mobile. OnLine Free Phoenix, Whatever Phoenix, Watch Phoenix, Online Moviesdbz. Phoenix oregon free concerts. Learn more More Like This Short 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - / 10 X Ella and Tsiki embrace in a routine kiss when she is suddenly pricked on the lip by an unknown source - a zipper hiding under Tsiki's tongue. In the thrill of curiosity, and a chance to... See full summary  » Director: Lisa Edelstein Stars: Lisa Edelstein, James Le Gros, Jason Lewis Comedy | Drama 5. 9 / 10 A college student is determined to become a Major League Baseball star, but finds his true calling instead. Gary Lundgren Alex Frost, Noah Scott, Abbey Merow Romance 5 / 10 A reclusive novelist struggles to find romance and meaning in his life despite disastrous and comedic circumstances. Directors: Brian Jun, Jack Sanderson Cary Elwes, Joey Lauren Adams, Two Mexican day laborers are unexpected guests at their employer's intimate dinner party. Steven Doughton Tina Holmes, Kelvin Han Yee Sci-Fi Thriller 3. 9 / 10 In 2029 an ex-military drifter risks his life to protect a woman from her dangerous ex in the lawless State of Jefferson. He's aided by his A. I. implant Clyde who proves partner and friend. Andrew Wilson, Leilani Sarelle, Sam Daly Mystery 6. 5 / 10 A loving mom becomes compelled to reconnect with her creative passions after years of sacrificing herself for her family. Her leap of faith takes her on an epic adventure that jump-starts her life and leads to her triumphant rediscovery. Richard Linklater Cate Blanchett, Billy Crudup, Emma Nelson 6. 9 / 10 Follows a best-selling author of a self-help book series who hides her recent separation as she starts to navigate her life as a single woman in her 40s in Los Angeles. Beau Garrett, Necar Zadegan The plot is unknown at this time. Jack Fessenden Andi Matichak, Alex Breaux 7. 4 / 10 A young man searches for home in the changing city that seems to have left him behind. Joe Talbot Jimmie Fails, Jonathan Majors, Rob Morgan Adventure 7. 7 / 10 Zak runs away from his care home to make his dream of becoming a wrestler come true. Tyler Nilson, Michael Schwartz Zack Gottsagen, Ann Owens, Dakota Johnson A homeless ex-boxer tries to get his old life back. Jai Bugarin, Luis Rodriguez, Erik Alexander Gavica A woman is diagnosed as a sociopath and tries figure out how to live her life with this information about herself. Edit Storyline Two longtime friends battle mid-life crisis by opening a bowling alley/pizzeria in their small hometown. Plot Summary Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating ( MPAA) Rated R for language. Details Release Date: 20 March 2020 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Phoenix, Oregon Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $2, 981, 5 May 2019 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $18, 356 See more on IMDbPro  » Company Credits Technical Specs See full technical specs  » Did You Know? Trivia There actually isn't a bowling alley in Phoenix Oregon. They filmed those parts in Klamath Falls OR See more ».

 

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Phoenix oregon free rental. Cheap Flights > Phoenix-United States > Phoenix > Oregon Cheap flights from Phoenix (PHX) to popular destinations in Oregon (OR) Portland, Oregon Carrier Departure Date Return Date Lowest Price American Mar 19, 2020 Mar 30, 2020 $146 American Feb 26, 2020 Mar 2, 2020 $147 American Feb 26, 2020 Mar 9, 2020 $147 American Mar 7, 2020 Mar 9, 2020 $147 American Mar 20, 2020 Mar 30, 2020 $147 American Mar 21, 2020 Mar 30, 2020 $147 Alaska Feb 29, 2020 Mar 2, 2020 $147 Alaska Feb 29, 2020 Mar 9, 2020 $147 Alaska Mar 3, 2020 Mar 9, 2020 $147 Cheap Last Minute Flights from Phoenix to Oregon Looking for cheap last minute flights or a weekend getaway? We've got you covered with weekend flight deals from Phoenix to Oregon. The chart below shows the best last minute deals and cheap flights this weekend we could find. Destination Departing Returning Price Medford, Oregon 2/20/20 2/24/20 $195 Redmond 2/29/20 3/2/20 $153 Eugene 2/29/20 3/3/20 $189 North Bend 3/5/20 3/9/20 $324 Portland, Oregon 3/7/20 3/9/20 $147 Flight Schedule Summaries Last modified:  Feb 17, 2020 5:39 -05:00 Number of routes searched:  340 Number of itineraries searched:  2, 228, 711 Phoenix to Portland, Oregon Airline Connections Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun American - √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Alaska - √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sun Country - √ American CLT √ √ √ √ √ √ √ American DFW √ √ √ √ √ √ √ American LAX √ √ √ √ √ √ √ American ORD √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Air Canada YVR √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Air Canada YYC √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Air Canada YYZ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Alaska PAE √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Alaska SEA √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Alaska SFO √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Major Airlines ATL √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Major Airlines DTW √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Major Airlines JFK √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Major Airlines LAX √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Major Airlines MSP √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Frontier DEN √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Frontier LAS √ √ √ √ Hawaiian HNL √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Sun Country MSP √ √ √ √ √ √ √ United DEN √ √ √ √ √ √ √ United EWR √ √ √ √ √ √ √ United IAD √ √ √ √ √ √ √ United IAH √ √ √ √ √ √ √ United ORD √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Cheap Domestic Flights from Phoenix - PHX Last modified:  Feb 18, 2020 5:42 -05:00 Cheap Domestic Flights to Oregon - OR Last modified:  Feb 18, 2020 5:42 -05:00 We are updating our Cookie Policy. FareCompare will use cookies and other tracking technologies to assist with navigation and product selection, analyze your use of our services, assist with our promotional and marketing efforts, and provide deals content from third parties. Cheap Flights from Phoenix to Oregon - from $146 Round trip from PHX to OR.

The Municipality of Phoenix, OR Phoenix, Oregon, located in Jackson, has a population of 5, 003. The population has increased 15% since 2000. The average temperature in January is 38° and 69° in July. The community includes 2, 218 households, with an average household size of 2 people. Phoenix households are made up of 2, 354 men and 2, 649 women. In Phoenix, 40% of those who call the area home are married and of the 2, 218 households, 53% are families with two or more people living in the home. About 21% of families have one or more children living at home. The median age of Phoenix residents is 40 years. The city is home to many Eugene Emeralds (A) sports fans. With a CO risk index of 181, amidst growing concerns about environmental health, we recommend guarding the lives of your family with a CO alarm system. Crime in Phoenix, Oregon The local Phoenix, Oregon crime index is 88, compared to the national crime index risk score of 100. Scores are based on demographic and geographic analyses crime over seven years. Every 14 seconds a break in occurs in the US. On average residences are three times less likely to be broken into when there's a home security alarm installed. Having a home security system should be seriously considered by home owners living in Phoenix. One in four Phoenix homes may be burglarized in a year's time with an average loss of nearly $1, 750. This could be higher in some parts of Oregon—home security systems save money and lives. Security Risks for Residents Living in Phoenix, OR With a higher threat of crime in Phoenix, we strongly recommend a Protection 1 home security alarm system for your home or business. Call 1 (866) 234-9412 to speak with a Security Solution Specialist and to arrange your FREE home security evaluation. In addition to guarding your residence from prowlers, a home security alarm system also provides the option to add flood and water detection monitoring. This can save thousands of dollars in damages by alerting you when flooding occurs—not when it's too late. Protection 1 Home Alarm in Phoenix, OR Our alarm security systems include burglar and CO alarms monitored constantly, as well as fire alarms and more. Over team includes over 20, 000 security experts, including our professional security system installers, experienced service technicians and knowledgeable customer service members who are committed to providing first class home security and business security services for you every day of the year. As the largest security company serving Phoenix, we offer the best local home security that Phoenix  families depend on every day. A home security alarm is only as good as the people who monitor your family. Be sure to do your research and check with the BBB before selecting a security provider for your Phoenix home security needs. With 6 interconnected and company-owned redundant monitoring centers, our mission is to deliver an exceptional customer experience around the clock. By doing so, we maintain an A+ BBB rating with the Better Business Bureau. Our customer support is available 24/7 by Phone, Email and Live Chat. Phoenix Oregon Community Stats County: Jackson Median Age: 40 Years Median Commute: 16 Min Educational Climate: 4* Recycling Likelihood: 106** Sales Tax: 0% Closest Airport: Rogue Valley International - Medford Closest College: Southern Oregon University Closest Jr. College: Rogue Community College Population: 5, 003 Population Density: 3, 364 Persons Per Square Mile Population Change Since 2000: 15% Median Household Income: $33, 888 Annual Residential Turnover: 15% Median Years in Residence: 2 Years Median Home Sales Price: $157, 224 Change Avg. Household Income Since 2000: 10% *Scale from 1-5 **Index where 100 is the national average Local Phoenix Security and Personal Crime Risks The overall personal crime risk level in Phoenix, OR is an estimated index of 60, approximately 0. 6 times the national average. The Phoenix personal crime risk score represents the combined risks of robberies, rape, assaults and murder in Phoenix. Protect your home from intruders with a home security system. National vs. Local Crime Index ( 88) Personal Crime Risk Index ( 60) Life Safety and Health Security Risks in and around Phoenix The following data includes the local score compared to the national average of 100. Weather 1 /100 Storm Risk Legend Severe Elevated Low Home Security Solutions in Phoenix, OR Local home security and home automation systems, professional installation, 24-hour alarm monitoring of your Phoenix, Oregon home security system. Protection 1 Home Security National Office 800 E Waterman Wichita, KS, 67202, US 24 Hour Customer Service Phone: (877) 776-1911 Local Contact Information Local: (316) 854-1190 Fax: (800) 937-3354.

Phoenix oregon free medical. UC: I understand. But Why. You don't understand if you ask why... Phoenix, Oregon free web site. It's a darn good movie. No chase scenes or special effects, just a good plot, great character actors, and an interesting setting. The movie offers a believable story, a message that is not trite, and more than a few good laughs along the way. I suspect we will hear much more about this movie as it gets exposure, but go and see it as soon as you get a chance.

About #1 of 2 hotels in Phoenix Finding an ideal budget friendly motel in Phoenix does not have to be difficult. Welcome to Phoenix Motel Oregon, a nice option for travelers like you. Guest rooms offer amenities such as air conditioning, a kitchenette, and a refrigerator, and guests can go online with free wifi offered by the motel. Phoenix Motel Oregon features a 24 hour front desk and room service, to help make your stay more enjoyable. The property also boasts a pool and an on-site restaurant. If you are driving to Phoenix Motel Oregon, free parking is available. While in Phoenix be sure to experience local burritos favorites at La Tapatia Restaurant. If you’re looking for things to do, you can check out Blue Heron Park (0. 5 mi), which is a popular attraction amongst tourists, and it is within walking distance. Phoenix Motel Oregon looks forward to welcoming you on your visit to Phoenix. Read more Property amenities Free parking Free High Speed Internet (WiFi) Pool Restaurant Bicycle rental Business Center with Internet Access Fax / photocopying Non-smoking hotel Show more Room features Air conditioning Fireplace Room service Kitchenette Refrigerator Room types Non-smoking rooms Family rooms Good to know 2 stars Languages Spoken English, Hindi NUMBER OF ROOMS 22 Location 39 Car recommended Grade: 39 out of 100 22 Restaurants within 0. 75 miles 1 Attraction within 0. 75 miles 40 Reviews 0 Q+A 16 Room tips Traveler rating Excellent 19 Very Good 14 Average 2 Poor 2 Terrible 3 Time of year Mar-May Jun-Aug Sep-Nov Dec-Feb Traveler type Families Couples Solo Business Friends Language All languages ( 40) English ( 40) Cottage Grove, Oregon 5 contributions 1 helpful vote Stayed here when we saw a show in Ashland because all the hotels in Ashland where filled up or too expensive. Picked this place because of the reviews and I was so happy that I rooms where so clean and the staff was so helpful and nice. This is a hidden gem in the area and I will definitely stay here again since we see shows in the Medford and Ashland area on a constant basis. I gave it 5 stars based on the fact that I've stayed at 5 star hotels that didn't give even close to the customer service we received here. Date of stay: June 2018 Rooms Cleanliness Service Trip type: Traveled with family Room Tip: We stayed in a corner unit and it was very quiet. See more room tips Dorena, Oregon 4 contributions We stayed at this motel June 3. The room was exceptionally clean. Manager pleasant and helpful. Very good price and good location. This is an older motel, but is very well managed. It is in a good location to attend the Camelot Theater in Talent, Oregon. Date of stay: June 2018 Rooms Cleanliness Service Trip type: Traveled as a couple Eureka, California 6 contributions Managers Bharat & Priti are friendly and very helpful. Motel is recently renovated, very clean, quiet, and conveniently located near restaurants, a grocery store, and a drug store. This motel is a great value for the money. Some breakfast is provided as well as an iron and both tub and shower. I was able to safely leave my car there for two weeks and even caught a ride to the airport from the manager. Date of stay: April 2018 Trip type: Traveled solo Room Tip: All rooms a on ground floor, so no stairs or noise from upstairs. See more room tips KWAJT wrote a review Mar 2018 Eugene, OR 399 contributions 71 helpful votes Very nice rooms with lots of space. Good breakfast items to take back to the room. Kitchen have spartan utensils so if you plan to cook bring utensils. Refrigerator, stove and microwave included. Bring your own coffee or use theirs. Internet good. Date of stay: March 2018 Cleanliness Service Sleep Quality Trip type: Traveled with friends Washington State 373 contributions 138 helpful votes I am always so hesitant to give a simple motel a 5, thinking that people will be expecting the Hilton. The Hilton, it is not, but wonderfully comfortable, clean, and overlooking the creek and the greenway. But I have given Hiltons less than a 5 on occasion. In any case, this little gem far exceeded my expectations. I was visiting a friend in a small apartment nearby, and just needed some space. I chose a room with a kitchenette. Just loved my experience. It was a little bit more for this larger room. But the owner told me that people reserve rooms months in advance. It is a special little place. Date of stay: March 2018 Cleanliness Service Sleep Quality Trip type: Traveled solo Room Tip: away from the road, overlooking the greenway, kitchenette See more room tips PRICE RANGE $77 - $103 (Based on Average Rates for a Standard Room) LOCATION United States Oregon Phoenix Is This Your Tripadvisor Listing? Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more. Claim Your Listing Frequently Asked Questions about Phoenix Motel Oregon Which popular attractions are close to Phoenix Motel Oregon? Nearby attractions include Blue Heron Park (0. 5 miles). What are some of the property amenities at Phoenix Motel Oregon? Some of the more popular amenities offered include free wifi, a pool, and an on-site restaurant. Which room amenities are available at Phoenix Motel Oregon? Top room amenities include a kitchenette, air conditioning, and a refrigerator. What food & drink options are available at Phoenix Motel Oregon? Guests can enjoy an on-site restaurant during their stay. Is parking available at Phoenix Motel Oregon? Yes, free parking is available to guests. What are some restaurants close to Phoenix Motel Oregon? Conveniently located restaurants include La Tapatia Restaurant, Debby's Diner, and Puck's Donuts. Are there opportunities to exercise at Phoenix Motel Oregon? Yes, guests have access to a pool during their stay. Is Phoenix Motel Oregon located near the city center? Yes, it is 0. 2 miles away from the center of Phoenix. Which languages are spoken by the staff at Phoenix Motel Oregon? The staff speaks multiple languages, including English and Hindi. Are there any historical sites close to Phoenix Motel Oregon? Many travelers enjoy visiting EdenVale Winery (1. 7 miles).

Watch Phoenix, Oregon Online Ibtimes watch PHOENIX, OREGON online vidbull… Phoenix, Oregon Torrents. Phoenix oregon free forms. Phoenix oregon free things to do. Phoenix, Oregon. Something went wrong, but don’t fret — let’s give it another shot. Phoenix, Oregon freelance. Phoenix 2c oregon free next. Phoenix Motel $75 ($̶8̶6̶). Phoenix Hotel Deals & Reviews - KAYAK Skip to main content Good to know Distance to city center 0. 1 mi Location rating 4. 9 Nearest Airport Eugene Distance to airport 128. 6 mi Reviews Pros "Nice family run ning the place. " (in 4 reviews) "Nice staff, clean large room" (in 49 reviews) "Very good value. " (in 18 reviews) Cons "Dated bathroom" (in 5 reviews) "We were referred here by another establishment in Ashland, when we couldn't find rooms. " (in 3 reviews) Show reviews that mention Room was ready and available at check in. It was fairly large and had decent, though minimalist furnishings. Beds were comfortable, but "creaked" a lot. No way to turn on the lights at the door. Being close in Phoenix to the kids. The friendly management The parking area They charged me more than the rate i booked. The room was cold. Took 3 hrs to reach 70f. Parking is next to impossible. Old noisy run down building. Fridge is old and made noise. Good value.. Clean... Very nice hosts.. A great remodeled property. Very clean and comfortable. I will stay here again the next time I am in the area. Professional and friendly management. Very clean big room, comfortable. Staff is very nice The room was very clean. There were no camouflaging coverups scents. There was a good frig and microwave. The breakfast worked for us. The manager efficient and friendly. Location was good for our needs. There are restaurants and a grocery store very close by. We had a small amount of trouble controlling the heat in the room No big deal. Great beds, very clean, great value Parking is tight. Only space for single vehicle. The bed was comfortable and the room was clean Room No reviews found. Try removing a filter, changing your search, or clear all to view reviews. About Overview Located in Phoenix, Phoenix Motel is within a 5-minute drive of Phoenix Library and EdenVale Winery. Free self parking is available onsite. More 8. 5 Excellent based on 180 reviews Things to Know Spacious rooms Good management Good kitchenette Check in 3:00 PM Check out 10:30 AM Cancellation/prepayment Policies vary by room type and provider. FAQs when booking at Phoenix Motel Where is Phoenix Motel located? Phoenix Motel is located at 510 North Main Street, 0. 1 miles from the center of Phoenix. EdenVale Winery is the closest landmark to Phoenix Motel. When is check-in time and check-out time at Phoenix Motel? Check-in time is 3:00 PM and check-out time is 10:30 AM at Phoenix Motel. Does Phoenix Motel offer free Wi-Fi? Yes, Phoenix Motel offers free Wi-Fi. Does Phoenix Motel offer free parking? Yes, Phoenix Motel offers free parking. Does Phoenix Motel offer free airport shuttle service? No, Phoenix Motel does not offer free airport shuttle service. How far is Phoenix Motel from the airport? Phoenix Motel is 7 miles from Medford. Phoenix Motel is 55. 6 miles from Klamath Falls Kingsley Field. Can you bring pets to Phoenix Motel? No, pets are not allowed at Phoenix Motel. Does Phoenix Motel have a pool? Yes, Phoenix Motel has a pool onsite. Photos Reviews about Phoenix Motel “Room was ready and available at check in. It was fairly large and had decent, though minimalist furnishings. ” “Being close in Phoenix to the kids. The friendly management” “They charged me more than the rate i booked. Fridge is old and made noise. ” “Good value.. Very nice hosts.. ” “A great remodeled property. Professional and friendly management. ” Location Most Popular Landmarks EdenVale Winery 1. 6 mi Centennial Golf Club 2 mi Paschal Winery 2. 7 mi Getting Around Medford 7 mi Klamath Falls Kingsley Field 55. 6 mi White City 10. 3 mi Cave Junction 43. 1 mi Nearby hotels Closest 8. 4 Excellent (284 reviews) Best prices found by KAYAK users in the past 72 hours. Cheapest See cheapest hotels in Phoenix Most recommended See most recommended hotels in Phoenix Enter a city, hotel, airport, address or landmark Star products - flights interface - City products - hotels interface - POI interface - map
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Hey could you mail me one of your flyers. Phoenix oregon fire department. Phoenix 2c oregon free today. Page Transparency See More Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. See actions taken by the people who manage and post content. Page created - May 18, 2017. Phoenix oregon the movie. Phoenix 2c oregon free stadium. Please Note That Guests That Reside Within 30 Miles Cannot Be Accommodated At This Property. Welcome to Phoenix Motel Oregon, the right place to stay for business or pleasure travel in the Heart of the Rogue Valley between Medford and Ashland. Our Phoenix OR motel features 22 charming, traditionally decorated rooms that you and your family or traveling companions are sure to enjoy. Amenities at our property include a free continental breakfast, an outdoor pool, sundeck and in-room features like microwaves, refrigerators, bright televisions and more. Plus, we have rooms available for both smoking and non-smoking guests. Some rooms include kitchenettes and free wifi too. Attractions that are close at hand when you make the smart decision to stay with us include Centennial Golf Club, Paschal Winery, Craterian Ginger Rogers Theater and Quail Point Golf Course. We’re just 5 minutes from Rogue Valley Medical Center, about 8 miles from the Oregon Shakespeare Festival and about 2 hours from Oregon Caves National Monument. Our hope is that you will give this Phoenix OR motel a try and see the independent difference – a refreshing change from the sameness of the chain hotels that line the nation’s freeways and city streets. We want to make a difference for you by providing basic accommodations at a fair price at Phoenix Motel Oregon. Why not give us a try? More + Business Travel: Phoenix Motel Oregon is a smart economy Phoenix OR motel and puts you near Medford, Ashland and the local attractions as well. Stay with us at this Phoenix motel near Centennial Golf Club and experience amenities that really matter to business travelers, including free parking, a free continental breakfast and a nice pool for use in your downtime. If you need a Phoenix motel near Paschal Winery (if you have some downtime away from the hotel), this is the property for you as well. Staying here offers the very best experience for any kind of traveler, including those in the area on business. Why not give us a try? Family Travel: For family travel in this area, no pick is better than this affordable and comfortable Phoenix motel near Rogue River Rafting that you’ll enjoy visiting again and again, no matter what brings you to this vibrant and dynamic area. If you’re looking specifically for a hotel near Rogue Valley OR, we’re pleased to accommodate you. If you just need a Phoenix, Oregon motel while passing through, our low rates are sure to be for you too. Nothing matters more to us than a pleasant guest experience for every kind of traveler. Make this hotel your first choice in Oregon and you won’t be disappointed. We want to be your home away from home here. Affordable Hotel Stay: If you’re looking for an affordable motel Phoenix, Oregon travelers will surely enjoy on every trip to the area but don’t want to pay a big price, this is a smart idea. In fact, no matter what brings you to this area, you’re making a very smart decision when you stay in affordable comfortable with ample amenities at our hotel in Phoenix OR. Staying at this hotel means having a comfortable experience designed to appeal to the widest possible range of travelers. Make us your first selection of Phoenix motel lodging and you certainly won’t be disappointed. Simply contact us or use the website to book a room with us. Comfortable Stay: This motel in Phoenix, Oregon offers you a comfortable stay that’s just right for every kind of traveler with every kind of budget. We’re a particularly good pick for those looking for a motel Phoenix OR travelers can trust for safety, comfort and affordability. There’s truly something for everyone near this basic hotel, and you can experience it to the fullest when you enjoy a comfortable stay with us. One step inside and you’ll know without a doubt that you’re in the right place because of our friendly staff and warm welcome. Why not reserve Phoenix Motel Oregon now, then come see us for yourself? The decision will prove to be a sensible one. Here are some things to do in and around Phoenix, Oregon: Bear Creek Greenway is nearly 18 miles of excellent trails and passes through this area – offering you an escape to nature like no other. Pebblestone Cellars is among many local wineries where you can sample, purchase and enjoy some of the finest wines in the world. Blue Heron Park is good enough for the locals and is a great place to stir around a bit after a long day in the car. Any local restaurant is ready to serve you – and provide an experience that exceeds what the chains can offer at a price that will make sense to you. Less -.

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directors: Jack Henry Robbins; USA; Abstract: 12-year-old budding home video director Ralph begins accidentally taping over his parents' VHS wedding tape. As he overwrites the magnetic echoes of their pre-Ralph past, he commemorates his love affair with the format by using the versatile tape to make new memories of himself with his parents while also employing it to tape eccentric pioneers of late-night cable television. Shot entirely on VHS; user ratings: 7,3 of 10; Year: 2019; Duration: 72 Minutes. Nice score. Do you already have any horror / cult vhs rarities such as Scavolini's Nightmare, Island Of Perversion, any Palace Explosive's - etc. This has been Marine Corps war since the beginning. You think the Marines storming Tripoli were the pinnacle of morality and virtue? They sat on a ship for months, playing with their peeders.

That's the wrong building classic. Everyone's got a plan until you're punched in the face ~ Iron Mike Tyson. VHYes watch. How every gamer dies. Sooooo hes a cannibal lol. VHYes watch online. VHYes watch the trailer. Am I watching the whole film here. VHYes full English Full Movie Watch Online… On the page VHYes I recommend to watch. VHYes kickass Watch VHYes Online 123movies. Edit Storyline 12-year-old budding home video director Ralph begins accidentally taping over his parents' VHS wedding tape. As he overwrites the magnetic echoes of their pre-Ralph past, he commemorates his love affair with the format by using the versatile tape to make new memories of himself with his parents while also employing it to tape eccentric pioneers of late-night cable television. Shot entirely on VHS. Written by Mae Moreno Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Details Release Date: 31 January 2020 (Canada) See more  » Box Office Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $45, 391 See more on IMDbPro  » Company Credits Technical Specs See full technical specs  » Did You Know? Trivia The film was shot entirely on VHS and Betacam. See more » Connections Edited from Painting with Joan  (2017) See more ».

Why does she look so much like Haley lu Richardson. Vhyes watch online. Are these Irish or Australian Russian accents? There is no South African who sounds like this. The South African and I couldn't understand them at all. VHYes watchers. VHYes watch tv. WatchMojo brought me here. Where to watch vhyes. I had one thought this entire time underground. People will still join the marines. Why do I feel like Ill be like this when I meet my dad? Minus the porno mustache, of course. I really hope we see evil Ron in the sequel. VHYes watch now. 😱😱 This looks awesome. Here's a look [VHYes. Watch VHYES Online Promptfile VHYes English Episode Watch VHYes Online Wikipedia Watch V* Megashare.

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I got this same video as an ad right before I watched it. VHYes watching. Tino, bester Mann. What the? Doesn't look, sound or capture Buffalo at all. Sounds like Wisconsin and looks like Toronto. 🤦. VHYes watch blog. Critics Consensus VHYes is a unique film for specific tastes -- and a rare, albeit grimy gift for viewers who can appreciate its retro aesthetic and absurd humor. 78% TOMATOMETER Total Count: 37 Coming soon Release date: Jan 12, 2020 Audience Score Ratings: Not yet available VHYes Ratings & Reviews Explanation Tickets & Showtimes The movie doesn't seem to be playing near you. Go back Enter your location to see showtimes near you. VHYes Photos Movie Info A bizarre retro comedy shot entirely on VHS, VHYes takes us back to a simpler time, when twelve-year-old Ralph mistakenly records home videos and his favorite late night shows over his parents' wedding tape. The result is a nostalgic wave of home shopping clips, censored pornography, and nefarious true-crime tales that threaten to unkindly rewind Ralph's reality. Rating: NR Genre: Directed By: Written By: In Theaters: Jan 12, 2020 limited Runtime: 72 minutes Studio: Oscilloscope Laboratories Cast News & Interviews for VHYes Critic Reviews for VHYes Audience Reviews for VHYes VHYes Quotes News & Features.

| Nick Allen January 17, 2020 A sense of humor is a funny thing, especially for those of us who treasure the weird stuff. When something that's "out there" works, it’s true love. When it doesn’t, it’s like a bad date that had huge promise until it got underway. Jack Henry Robbins' “VHYes, ” with all of its nostalgia for late ‘80s TV and its endemic cheesiness, follows after the likes of Weird Al Yankovic's masterpiece " UHF, " Casper Kelly's endlessly loopable opening credits hellscape "Too Many Cooks, " and even the Kyle Mooney skits that are "cut for time" on "Saturday Night Live. " And while I adore all of those polarizing works, I didn't see what was funny about the shallow wackiness of "VHYes. " Advertisement Shot entirely on VHS and Betamax, the whole of "VHYes" is presented as the contents of a video tape, which was initially used to film the wedding for the parents of a young boy named Ralph ( Mason McNulty). When Ralph gets a camera for Christmas in 1987, and learns that he can record from the TV, it opens a world of possibilities. Namely, whatever he can find on the TV that is weird to him at the time. In one of its many abrupt, fuzzy cuts, an excited young Ralph jumps on his bed and says that he wants to create the ultimate video playlist, and soon into watching “VHYes” you accept that that’s all you’re going to get.  Instead of feeling like the chaos of a found tape, “VHYes” assembles itself like a series of sketches that it can bounce between, with random peeks back at the original wedding video contents; it struggles to have a heart by intermittently making it a story about Ralph realizing the truth behind his parents' marriage. Some sketch set-ups are directly, lazily recognizable to TV history: one cop parody steals the red and blue text from “Law and Order” because you wouldn’t get that it’s meant to parody if it didn’t have that logo. As if a tell on its weak absurdity, "VHYes" has yet another parody on TV painting instructor Bob Ross (even after Deadpool did it), with a segment starring Kerri Kenney, who turns the zen of such a host into the mindset of a creepy person who believes in aliens.  The very nostalgia within the concept becomes a pit, even when “VHYes” threatens to get truly weird. It’s not until the final minutes that the movie taps into the reality-bending that had been hinted at earlier, when Ralph started to see himself in the stuff he was watching, after one segment involved a VHS expert talking about the soul-suck that will be handheld recording in the future. Many parody sketches don’t have a discernible reference to build on (the recognition is what makes it initially funny), and instead rely on a shallow cheesiness. Even though "VHYes" features many dynamic funny people like Kenney, Thomas Lennon, Mark Prosch, Charlyne Yi, and Robbins' parents ( Tim Robbins and Susan Sarandon), many of the characters in these sketches are so broad they aren't particularly clever. “VHYes” breaks the biggest rule of parody, over and over again: it simply tries way too hard with material that’s far too easy. That’s the case with an adult film bit that goes for low-hanging fruit of bad acting, as one guy is poorly reading cue cards in a late night movie about three alien women. Or there's an ongoing true-crime show about how a sorority thought one of their sisters was a witch because she did magic, which is a funny premise given a flat execution. The commercials that are thrown in the mix, like about a violent security company, or pads to sound-proof your bathroom, are like random splatters of paint whose only intention is to fulfill the project's obvious self-amusement.  While “VHYes” is very much inspired by the media experience of 1987, it’s actually about a very modern hell: Your friend sits you down to show you something really funny on YouTube, but oh, no—they’ve misjudged your sense of humor. Now you’re stuck, watching all of it, trying to find something funny to offer a polite relief. I started to feel trapped by my obligation to watch something that could very well have been my type, but now I’m just grateful the filmmakers of “VHYes” didn’t watch me watch it in laughless silence. Reveal Comments comments powered by.

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Movie Info: Star Wars: Episode IX - The Rise of Skywalker is a movie starring Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, and Adam Driver. The surviving members of the resistance face the First Order once again, and the legendary conflict between the Jedi and Writed by: Chris Terrio, J.J. Abrams Duration: 2H 22 minute average rating: 7,7 of 10 stars Genres: Sci-Fi, Action. Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera teks. Following the release of Star Wars:  The Last Jedi, its time to get excited about for Episode IX – Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. Ahead of its December release, heres what we know about the final film in the new Skywalker trilogy. Recent updates: Star Wars have shared an official further look at the returning Palpatine James Earl Jones returns as Darth Vader in newly released clip It seems that redemption for Kylo Ren is out of the question Its been confirmed that Leia will be training Rey in the Force New TV spot points to the Emperor somehow returning in The Rise of Skywalker JJ Abrams: “The ambition of this movie is far greater than  Force Awakens. ” Daisy Ridley says the film sees Rey “driving her own thing” and “not doing what other people are telling her to do. ” Anthony Daniels discusses the films climax: “A good ending feels right. ” JJ Abrams teases an appearance from Ahsoka Tano Another look at the resurrected Palpatine has been shared Many Star Wars fans were shocked at the return of Emperor Palpatine in the new film – he was presumed dead in 1983s Return Of The Jedi – and the franchise have now shared another image of the character. “It was kind of a delicate balance and went back and forth a lot about how much we wanted to reveal, ” one of the films editors, Maryann Brandon, told   The Huffington Post. “Some scenes changed quite a bit, the way that we wanted to present it to the audience. In the end, we ended up showing a lot less of it than we started with. ” Get a further look at Palpatine below. Emperor Palpatine in ‘Star Wars: The Rise Of Skywalker. Credit: Lucasfilm Have we seen any footage from the film? Yes! The a new clip has just been released, which sees Kylo Ren journey to meet with the Emperor (Ian McDiarmid) – but ends with him hearing from an all too familiar voice. “At last, my boy… I have been every voice you have ever heard… inside your head, ” it says, as McDiarmid hands the baton to Andy Serkis as the CGI villain Supreme Leader Snoke, and, finally, to James Earl Jones – reprising his iconic role as Darth Vader from the original trilogy, and a cameo in  Revenge of the Sith. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, Clip Nothing will prepare you for the end. Watch an exclusive clip from Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. See it in theaters December 20! Get tickets: Posted by Star Wars Movies on Thursday, December 12, 2019 Before that, the first clip arrived on social media a few weeks ago, and its action packed. It sees Rey, Finn, Poe and the rest of the gang riding on a desert craft while being pursued by a gang of relentless stormtroopers. Rather them than us. Check out this clip from #StarWars: TheRiseOfSkywalker. See it in theaters December 20. Get your tickets: — Star Wars ( starwars) November 25, 2019 A new TV spot called ‘Duel was also shared in November 2019, which features the voice of the Emperor (Ian McDiarmid. What that means, and whether he will somehow make a return in The Rise of Skywalker remains to be seen…. Have there been any reactions to The Rise Of Skywalker? As the film nears its release date, a handful of actors have been sharing their thoughts after getting an early glimpse at the film. Richard E. Grant said he “stood and cheered”, “cried” and “fist pumped the air” while watching episode 9 in a video message posted to Twitter. “Just seen the 1st cast screening of [The Rise Of Skywalker] ” he wrote. “What it achieves, weaves & resolves, is a total emotional meltdown & resurrection of the Spirit. ” Is there a trailer? Yes, there is. A final trailer for Star Wars Episode 9 was released on October 22. It teases the appearance of Palpatine, an epic face-off between Rey and Kylo Ren, as well as a scene with the late Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa. Watch it below: Can I already buy my ticket? Yes, you can. Tickets for Star Wars Episode 9 officially went on sale after the premiere of the October 22 trailer. Tickets for the US are officially on sale here. Star Wars Episode 9: whats the release date? December 20, 2019. The film was originally set to be released on May 24, but production issues in August and September 2017 – including director and screenwriter changes – has pushed the films schedule back by six months. Meanwhile, Luke Skywalker himself Mark Hamill has been counting down to the movie: Who's counting? 9WillBeFineAllInGoodTime — Mark HoHoHoHamill ( HamillHimself) July 5, 2018 Its claimed that the upcoming film could see Luke Skywalkers return as a force ghost after he seemingly perished at the end of the last film. What is the title of Episode 9? The next instalment is called  The Rise of Skywalker, as confirmed with the release of a teaser trailer in April 2019. Whos directing Episode 9? J. J. Abrams Colin Trevorrow – the man behind the 1bn-making blockbuster Jurassic World – was set to direct but crashed out of the project in September to be replaced by  The Force Awakens director J. Abrams. Speaking to Empire in September 2019, Abrams spoke of taking over from Rian Johnson, who helmed The Last Jedi. “I never found myself trying to repair anything, ” he said of possibly undoing some of Johnsons bold decisions from the last instalment. “If I had done VIII, I would have done things differently, just as Rian would have done things differently if he had done VII. “But having worked on television series, I was accustomed to creating stories and characters that then were run by other people. ” He added: “If youre willing to walk away from the thing that you created and you believe its in trustworthy hands, you have to accept that some of the decisions being made are not gonna be the same that you would make. And if you come back into it, you have to honour whats been done. ” Talking more about the process of creating episode 9 in a new feature with EW, Abrams says: “We had more reshoots on Episode VII than this one. We had more story adjustments on VII than this one. We didnt know if these characters would work, if the actors would be able to carry a Star Wars movie. There were a lot of things we didnt know. “On this, we knew who and what worked, and everyone is doing the best work Ive ever seen anyone do. But the ambition of this movie is far greater than Force Awakens. What we set out to do was far more challenging. Everything is exponentially larger on this. ” Who wrote the script? In August 2017, Jack Thorne – most famous for working with J. K. Rowling on the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child – began rewriting the untitled Star Wars Episode IX,  according to The Hollywood Reporter. In September 2017 it was reported that the film was now being rewritten by the Oscar-winning screenwriter of  Argo, Chris Terrio, and J. Abrams – meaning Thorne has presumably been replaced. When did filming start? In an interview on  The Late Show With Stephen Colbert,  J. Abrams confirmed that shooting started towards the end of July 2018 – and that the script had been finished. “We have a script, which is a big deal for me, ” he said. “It starts shooting end of July. Sometimes having the script in advance is something I havent always been lucky enough to have. ” Filming was confirmed to have wrapped in February 2018. Have any posters been released? Yes. Heres the official theatrical poster. A new poster was unveiled during a panel at this D23 Expo 2019. A stunning array of character posters were unveiled to celebrate the final month leading up to the release of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. Rey Finn Kylo Ren Poe Dameron BB-8 Zorii Bliss Jannah Lando Calrissian Chewbacca Rose Tico C-3PO R2-D2 D-O An exclusive IMAX poster was released on November 30 2019. Incorporating franchise legends Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia with Rey and Kylo Ren, the poster sees twin moons float in the backdrop. Have we seen any photos? Yes. Photos have leaked from the set showing Chewbacca (Joonas Suotamo) Finn (John Boyega) Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) and more. The characters are pictured in a field, accompanied by some very shaggy horses. Fans have speculated a figure in the photos could be newcomer Naomi Ackie but the quality of the images make it too hard to tell. Quelques autres photos. On y voit également Chewbacca! — Star Wars Actu France ( StarWarsActuFR) August 23, 2018 J. Abrams also celebrated the end of filming by sharing a set photo featuring Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, and Oscar Isaac. In the picture, the three are involved in what looks like an emotional hug on a sandy planet. “It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on  Episode IX, ” Abrams captioned the post. “There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. Im forever indebted to you all. ” It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on Episode IX. There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. Im forever indebted to you all. — JJ Abrams ( jjabrams) February 15, 2019 John Boyega also shared the photo along with an emotional post about his experience filming the trilogy. On Instagram, the actor wrote: “Thats a wrap on Star Wars episode 9 and the end to a chapter of my life that I couldnt be more thankful for. What a process! It really has been a joy to be in these movies surrounded by amazing people. I personally want to thank @jjabramsofficial for giving me a chance to make my dreams come true. ” He also shared a photo from the Wrap Party as filming came to an end: On May 22, Vanity Fair shared epic promotional images from the movie as part of its ‘ultimate preview. Boyega shared some of the images on his Twitter, including one of his character, Finn, riding Orbaks into battle with new character, Jannah (Naomi Ackie. We fight. Thank you Annie Leibovitz for capturing this powerful image and thank you to @vanityfair for all your support throughout this franchise. I cant wait for the audience to see us strike back this December! Starwars — John Boyega ( JohnBoyega) May 22, 2019 A lot of cool design and visuals happening here for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. — Rob Keyes ( rob_keyes) May 22, 2019 A new poster shared at Disneys D23 expo in California shows footage from the film, namely Rey and Kylo Ren deep in battle. See that below. On October 3, a first look was given at a new character called Babu Frik. Described as a “tiny Anzellan droidsmith”, the creature “works among the Spice Runners of Kijimi and can reprogram or modify virtually any droid — regardless of the security measures protecting its systems. ” See the first image of the new character below. On October 3, a new poster has revealed some more clues about Keri Russells mysterious new character, Zori Bliss. The poster clearly shows the character on the “good side” suggesting she will be involved with the resistance in some way. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Available 10/4 at #TheRiseOfSkywalker #TROS #StarWars #FirstLook #ForceFriday — Trends International ( intltrends) September 27, 2019 On October 5, Dominic Monaghan shared a photo of himself in character. While the name of his character is still not yet known, Monaghan posted the pic to his Instagram, captioning it: “Oh its on now. @starwars #becurious. ” Whos in Episode 9? Disney confirmed much of the cast list last July. Returning cast members include: Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyongo, Domhnall Gleeson, Kelly Marie Tran, Joonas Suotamo, and Billie Lourd. Veteran Star Wars actors Mark Hamill, Anthony Daniels, and Billy Dee Williams – who will reprise his role as Lando Calrissian – also star in the film. Newcomers to the cast include Naomi Ackie and Richard E. Grant. Keri Russell is also on board for The Rise Of Skywalker, and weve been given a sneak peek of her character Zorri Bliss, who is set to become the most wanted toy in the universe. See the elusive first pic of the character below. Fans also think theyve unearthed footage of a new character in a new edition of the Topps Trading Cards. The photo, reportedly of a character set for The Rise Of Skywalker, comes along with the caption “A New Face. ” The existence of the character isnt confirmed. from the new topps trading cards, apparently this is from the rise of skywalker 👀 — 𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐞 ❀ (semi hiatus. reysrepublic) October 15, 2019 Lord Of The Rings and  Lost  star Dominic Monaghan has also been confirmed to appear in the movie. “The galaxy far, far away has had almost as much influence as the one I live in, so I am delighted to be involved, ” he told  Deadline. Its been confirmed that Doctor Who ‘s Matt Smith will also appear in the forthcoming film. However, details of his character are being kept firmly under wraps and its not known whether hell be on the side of the evil empire or the rebels. Carrie Fisher as Leia in ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi The late Carrie Fisher will posthumously play General Leia Organa in the movie. She will be featured in the new film using previously unreleased footage which was shot for 2015s  Star Wars: The Force Awakens. “We desperately loved Carrie Fisher, ” Abrams said in July last year. “Finding a truly satisfying conclusion to the Skywalker saga without her eluded us. We were never going to recast, or use a CG character. With the support and blessing from her daughter, Billie, we have found a way to honour Carries legacy and role as Leia in Episode IX by using unseen footage we shot together in Episode VII. ” In May 2019, Abrams spoke further about the decision to include Fisher. “Its hard to even talk about it without sounding like Im being some kind of cosmic spiritual goofball, ” the director told Vanity Fair. “But it felt like we suddenly had found the impossible answer to the impossible question. It has a bizarre kind of left side/right side of the brain sort of Venn diagram thing, of figuring out how to create the puzzle based on the pieces we had. ” Hamill paid tribute to his late co-star on July 29, 2018 following the news, writing on Twitter that it was “bittersweet to be facing my final chapter without her – she is irreplaceable”. See his tribute below. It's bittersweet facing my final chapter without her-She is simply irreplaceable. I'm finding solace in the fact that she won't BE replaced & would love the worldwide outpouring of affection from those who loved her when they heard the news. #CarrieOnForever — Mark HoHoHoHamill ( HamillHimself) July 29, 2018 Hamill also told the Radio Times in March 2019 that he believes Fisher would “get a real kick out” of starring in Episode 9. “Something tells me shed get a real kick out of the fact she had a hit movie years after she left us, ” he said. “That was just her. ” Additionally, Hamill revealed that he still finds it difficult to watch his final scene with her in The Last Jedi, where Luke says farewell to sister Leia before facing Kylo Ren. He said: “When I watch that scene when I say goodbye to her, it takes me out of the movie completely. ” “Id like to think nothing would be better than having her here because she was always fun… She could always make me laugh. I was proud that I could make her laugh. Thats really what its all about! ” Although Fishers return will come in the form of unused footage, Ant-Man & The Wasps Evangeline Lilly has admitted that she wanted to play the role of Leia. She told fans at a recent convention: “When JJ (Abrams) announced that he was gonna do his first Star Wars film, I reached out to his producing partner for the first time ever since Lost ended. “I never requested anything ever before, and I said, ‘I wanna be Leia! Make me Leia! ” The latest casting rumour claims that  Episode IX will bring back Lukes Rogue Squadron co-founder, Wedge Antilles. Denis Lawson, who played the character in  A New Hope  (1977)   The Empire Strikes Back  (1980) and  Return of the Jedi  (1983) is expected to reprise the role 36 years on. A rep for Lawson told Star Wars fan podcast  Rebel Force Radio  that the character will have a presence in the new movie. Additionally, in November 2019 a TV spot called ‘Duel (later shared on YouTube) has the Emperors (Ian McDiarmid) voiceover. Does this mean his character is somehow making a comeback in The Rise of Skywalker? Could Luke come back as a Force-Ghost? Mark Hamill (Luke) certainly seems to think so. In a tweet posted on March 14, 2018 he included an action figure of his role as Luke in  The Last Jedi captioned “Senior Citizen Jedi Pension-Plan Future Force-Ghost Luke” – implying he thinks Luke will be returning as a Force ghost in Episode 9. And its not the first time hes teased his fans about returning for the final movie of the new trilogy. Luke How Far I've Come: A) Generic Lemon-Haired Ken Doll Luke B) Black-Haired Semi-Conscious Adult-Diaper Luke C) Pumped-Up Roid-Rage With Balcony You Could Do Shakespeare From Luke D) Senior Citizen Jedi Pension-Plan Future Force-Ghost Luke #CollectEmAll — Mark HoHoHoHamill ( HamillHimself) March 14, 2018 In 2016, Hamill teased his characters death in  The Last Jedi – but he also stated hed be back for Episode 9 – another hint that hell be returning as Lukes Force ghost. Haven't seen my chin since May '15, so #FarewellFacialFur. ByeByeBeard (at least til #EpisodeIX) popculturequest — Mark HoHoHoHamill ( HamillHimself) August 30, 2016 Since the release of The Last Jedi, director Rian Johnson has since commented on the speculation: “I dont know where the next movie is going to go. (Abrams) and Chris Terrio are writing it right now. But it seemed like the potential of Luke crossing into a new realm, that offers exciting possibilities for the role he plays in the coming chapter. No ones ever really gone. Again, Im not writing the script, so I dont know. But as a fan, I would hope [he returns. ” Will we learn anything more about Reys parents? Quite possibly. Rian Johnson, the director of  The Last Jedi,  has said the question of Reys parentage remains open after Kylo Ren told her in  TLJ  that they were “nobodies”. Asked to explain Kylo Rens revelation to Rey in  The Last Jedi, Johnson told HuffPost: “The easy thing would be, ‘Yes, your parents are so and so and heres your place in the world. There you go. The hardest thing she could hear would be: ‘No, youre not going to get the answer. This is not going to define you. Youre going to have to find your own place in this world. Kylo is going to use that even as leverage to try and make you feel insecure, and youre going to have to stand on your own two feet. '” However, Johnson said that the question of her parentage could be explored further in episode 9: “Anythings still open, ” he said, “and Im not writing the next film. [J. Abrams and Chris Terrio] are doing it. ” He also suggested that Kylo Rens revelation to Rey might not have been entirely true: “With all of these movies, Obi-Wans whole speech about a certain point of view always applies, so I think that you have to always think about the context of how information is given. But for me, dramatically, thats why that reveal at that moment made sense. ” What do we know about the plot? Nothing concrete – but we do know that Daisy Ridley cried when she found out about Reys fate in a former draft of the script. In  Collider ‘s Jedi Council podcast, SNL  actor Bobby Moynihan – a friend of the films original director Colin Trevorrow – recounts the time when he saw Trevorrow telling Ridley what happened to her. “I introduced him to Daisy Ridley at the  SNL  after-party, ” he explains. “I saw a moment where she said, ‘What happens to me? And he said, ‘Do you want to do this now? And she said, ‘Yeah, and they went off into a corner of the bar and he whispered it into her ear and she started crying. ” Discussing more about Reys role in the film in an EW cover story, Ridley says: “Rey is driving her own thing. Shes not doing what other people are telling her to do. ” Going on to discuss her Jedi training, Ridley continued: “I have skills that have developed, but ‘confident isnt a word Id use to describe it. Shes definitely more in control of everything and can do new fun stuff, but shes vulnerable and a little insecure about at all. ” Star Wars creators have now confirmed that Leia will be training Rey in the Force during the film. A press junket for The Rise Of Skywalker revealed: “General Leia Organa continues to lead the heroic Resistance, building back a fighting force after having suffered costly setbacks. Leia is also training Rey in the ways of the Force, for the galaxy still has need of a Jedi. ” Daisy Ridley as Rey in ‘Star Wars Despite Rey training in the force, it seems that Kylo Ren remains as entrenched in the dark side as ever – and hes certainly not going to change. Speaking to Entertainment Weekly, Adam Driver, was asked whether a change of heart could be possible. “What does he have to be redeemed for? ” he said. “[Kylo Ren] has a different identity, a different definition of what redemption is. Hes already been redeemed in his story. “I dont think there is a thought of redemption. He doesnt have an outside lens of the events, you know — you know what I mean? Thats more of an outsiders view of his world. ” We can also expect The Rise of Skywalker to bring plenty of surprises. Speaking about the plot in an Awesome Con conference call, John Boyega (Finn) said the movie will be “all out war”. He said: “Regardless of where the story goes – and I havent read it, by the way – is going to be all-out war, so I know that Im going to have to do all I can and train for that. ” Another huge hint comes from John Boyega, who revealed that “the film takes place roughly one year after the events of The Last Jedi”. Now, fans are taking this as proof that a time-jump could occur – after Boyega previously teased a change in his character. “I cant wait to start shooting the next and final leg of the franchise. The first step is growing out my hair, so you can wait for the trailer to see why, ” said Boyega. This months Empire magazine… did i miss something? “John Boyega confirmed the film takes place roughly one year after the events of The Last Jedi”. — Riri ( Riri19911) December 21, 2018 In October 2018, fans noticed that a description of the movies concept artwork could point towards a Death Star-style superweapon. The powerful device could play a part in bringing the final film to an explosive and dramatic finale. The leak reads: “Specifically, a description of Kylo Ren inside his throne room, assumed to be the headquarters of the First Order, viewing a hologram [from] a device held in his hand. “Kylo appears to be examining three large superweapons that are in a cylindrical shape with an enormous engine on each side of each superweapon of this ship/weapon, destroying terrain on a planet. The engine burner is coloured red and the blast from the bottom of these three massive weapons is coloured blue, impacting a surface causing astronomical destruction. Parts of the weapon seem to be under construction and not finished. ” Fans picked up on the fact that this could be referring to the World Devastators featured in the Star Wars  extended universe. In March 2019, Oscar Isaac (Poe Dameron) revealed that Episode 9 will be the end of the Skywalker saga. Poe Dameron (Oscar Isaac) Speaking to Today, the actor said: “It is the end of the entire Skywalker saga. “Nine stories. This is the culmination of the entire thing. What J. has done, and the entire Lucasfilm team, is incredibly fulfilling. ” He continued: “Its also special for us because you get to learn a lot more things about these characters. ” Meanwhile, Ridley has rubbished rumours that Rey and Kylo are set for romance in the next instalment of the saga. Speaking to Steele Wars, she said: “I do know about Reylo…I dont know how I feel about it, because everyones talking about the toxic thing of a relationship when its essentially emotional. “Its a tricky road. I do feel like, deep down, Kylo thinks what hes doing is right and he doesnt think hes wrong, but he has also killed so many people. So I cant really get behind it, no, in a personal way. ” In May 2019, Adam Driver spoke to Vanity Fair about a “maybe-bond” between his character, Kylo Ren, and Rey (Daisy Ridley. He discusses the potential ‘ReyLo situation: whether Kylo Ren will end up being in a relationship with Rey, possibly as part of a redemption angle. “And then he had been forging this maybe-bond with Rey, ” Driver said in the interview, “and it kind of ends with the question in the air: is he going to pursue that relationship, or when the door of her ship goes up, does that also close that camaraderie that they were maybe forming? ” Driver doesnt give too much away but he doesnt shut the idea down either…. In September 2019  The Rise of Skywalker co-writer Chris Terrio told Empire that the film builds on Ren and Reys “complicated” relationship. “Weve tried to pick up that complicated relationship that really has been present ever since the interrogation in Episode VII. When Ren takes off his mask, theres a nakedness about him with Rey that he doesnt express to anyone else. Rian developed that in fascinating ways and weve been able to develop it even further, ” he said. Elsewhere in the Vanity Fair piece, Driver addresses Rens emotionally fragile state, citing his parents Han and Leias rebellion efforts as part of the reason for his vulnerability. Ren, he argues, essentially grew up under the pressure of living up to unrealistic expectations. “How do you form friendships out of that? How do you understand the weight of that? ” he said. “And if theres no one around you guiding you, or articulating things the right way … it can easily go awry. By the emotional logic that governs the Star Wars universe—and also our own—Kylo Ren is going to have to confront the past, and his fears, whatever they are, or be destroyed by them. ” Daisy Ridley has said that the film will feature “one of the most epic fights” in Star Wars history. “The interesting thing about this film is that we concentrate more on the fact that [the lightsabers] are light, ” she told  Wired. “Because the [old] lightsabers were so heavy, as Eunice [Huthart] said, who is our new stunt coordinator, that it was more like broadsword fighting, which isnt technically what its supposed to be because lightsabers are supposed to be light, by nature. “So they actually made the lightsabers lighter for us. We, in this film, have, perhaps one of the most epic fights in  Star Wars. ” Rey (Daisy Ridley) and Luke (Mark Hamill) in ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi Co-writer Chris Terrio has said  The Rise of Skywalker will answer two major questions about Rey and the Force. Terrio explained to Empire: “We kept coming back to ‘Who is Rey. and how can we give the most satisfying answer to that not only factually – because obviously people are interested in whether theres more to be learned of Reys story – but more importantly who is she as a character? “How will she find the courage and will and inner strength and power to carry on what shes inherited? ” He added: “[‘How strong is the Force. sounds a little simple, but actually when you get down to it, that is a sort of Zen Koan that we would really meditate on – not literally in yoga poses or anything, but like we would discuss, ‘What is the Force and how strong is the Force? ” On October 18, J. Abrams told Entertainment Weekly that The Rise of Skywalker will “answer as many questions as possible. ” “Endings are the thing that scare me the most, ” Abrams admitted, before explaining what fans could expect from the final movie in the latest Star Wars trilogy. “This is about bringing this thing to a close in a way that is emotional and meaningful and also satisfying in terms of actually answering [as many] questions as possible. “So if years from now, someones watching these movies, all nine of them, theyre watching a story that is as cohesive as possible. ” He added: “While there were many things that were planned for and discussed — George Lucas himself said when he created this he saw it as three, three-act plays — that doesnt mean there isnt discovery, that doesnt mean there arent things that come up that make you realise, ‘Oh, heres an opportunity. “It also doesnt mean that theres a list of payoffs that we have to do because of setups. But we also were very much aware this is the end of the trilogy and it needs to satisfy. We went into this thing knowing it has to be an ending. Were not screwing around. ” Daisy Ridley has also opened up about ‘Dark Rey, who was shown in the trailer, admitting it was “fun” to play the best and worst versions of her character. “Its fun to play someones best version, and then the worst, ” the stars told Adoro Cinema and other press (via. “Its an amazing thing to do as an actress, but we cant do it often… I felt very good. Thats the most I can say, unfortunately. ” She added of filming one particularly emotional scene: “There was a scene that touched me a lot. It was our last day shooting in Jordan and the natural light was fading. “And it was so exciting. It was just a short scene, we filmed very fast, but the crew was shaken in a way I had not seen before. And I thought, ‘My God, if this is peoples immediate reaction when the scene isnt even ready, imagine what it will be like to see it in the movies, with the John Williams soundtrack and all that. ” Director JJ Abrams has also teased the possibility that we could have a reference or even some sort of appearance from fan favourite character Ahsoka Tano. Tano was Anakin Skywalkers Padawan and appeared in TV shows The Clone Wars and Rebels, though has never appeared on the big screen. When an interviewer revealed their favourite Star Wars character was Tano, Abrams told Japanese outlet Sora News: “Hmmm, Ahsoka, huh? Well then youll probably want to watch closely during The Rise of Skywalker. ” What happened to the Death Star? As we know, The Rebel Alliance destroyed the Death Star in  Return of the Jedi, but the wreckage is set to feature in The Rise Of Skywalker, and the  Disney Parks  blog has revealed where it will be found. After a watery landscape was shown in the trailer for  The   Rise of Skywalker, Disney has revealed that the Death Star wreckage now reside on an ocean moon named Kef Bir. Will fans like the ending? Maybe. Daisy Ridley has promised it wont be as controversial as  Game Of Thrones  big finale. Of course, details about the trilogys ending are being kept firmly under wraps right now so she could turn out to be very wrong, but hopefully there wont be any petition for a re-write this time. Anthony Daniels, the famous voice of C-3PO, has discussed the ending as part of a feature with EW, simply saying: “Its a very good ending, and a good ending feels right. ” Will we see Han Solos dice again? Yes, probably. In the below official  Star Wars video from explaining the secrets of  The Last Jedi, its revealed that Rian Johnson originally included Hans gold dice as a reference to  The Force Awakens. In a TFA  scene that was deleted after Johnson wrote The Last Jedi, Han hangs up the gold dice on the Millennium Falcon when he gets it back. In  TLJ, the astral-projected version of Luke gives the gold dice to Leia – and, because that  TFA scene was deleted, this now looks like a reference to the dices mise-en-scene presence in the original trilogy. Star Wars  story group member Matt Martin teases that the dice will be back in  The Rise of Skywalker  by saying “wink wink” – catch the moment in the video below, which also explains how the dice are intended to help us mourn Han Solo. Will John Williams score Episode 9? Yes, but this is likely to be his last score for the Star Wars sequel. For a long time it wasnt clear whether, at the age of 85, Williams would continue in his role of scoring all of the Star Wars saga (to date he has scored Episodes I-VIII, but not the Anthology films.   News of his involvement was confirmed in an interview with  Variety  in January 2018. “I would very much like to complete that, ” he said. “I dont think you can retire from writing. I feel very lucky, and the work that I do doesnt depend on much. If your visions still good, and your hands – I have no arthritis in my hands and I play the piano very easily – I dont think theres any reason to deprive oneself of the fun of working. Music is so rewarding. ” Williams indicated in interview with US radio station KUSC earlier this month that this would be his final  Star Wars  film. “We know JJ Abrams is preparing one [Star Wars movie] now that I will hopefully do next year for him, ” he said. “I look forward it. It will round out a series of nine, that will be quite enough for me. ” Who else is on the crew? In February 2018, the art director of Blade Runner 2049, Paul Inglis,  reportedly joined the crew of  Star Wars: Episode 9, suggesting the next  Star Wars films look will be as strong as the Oscar-nominated design of the huge sci-fi film. His past experience also includes  Skyfall,  Game of Thrones, and Prometheus. In his role as art director he helps bring the production designers vision to life, builds sets and helps curate the look of the film. When did shooting begin? In December 2016, Deadline reported that filming wont begin for ‘about a year – which would be late 2017. According to a leaked casting call notice, shooting was set to begin in July 2017. In September 2017, following the departure of Colin Trevorrow – which changed the films production timeline – it was  confirmed that the film would begin shooting in June 2018. And in February 2018, JJ Abrams verified the summer 2018 filming date in a message to Japans D23 Expo. How will Episode 9 be filmed? Its going to be filmed on 65mm format – a first for the series. The Force Awakens was shot on 35mm, and so was The Last Jedi. 65mm film will mean Abrams will be able to work with large frames at higher quality – making the experience similar to IMAX. What are the latest rumours? The Millennium Falcon wont make it through the film On the latest episode of his podcast, Kevin Smith theorised that Han Solos beloved ship wont make it through The Rise of Skywalker. “They killed Han Solo in  The Force Awakens. ” he said. “They killed Luke Skywalker in  The Last Jedi. Sadly, Carrie has passed, so they have to deal with the Princess Leia of it all. But what do you think is the next big loss? I think its the Falcon. That would really rip all of our hearts out… “Theyll never kill Chewie, ” he continued, “because you could be Chewie for 400 years. Its a guy in a suit. They cant kill any of the droids, that could be anybody and stuff. But theyve got to kill something that makes us go ‘No! I f*cking love that from my childhood! ” There are rumours circulating amongst fans that (an as yet unconfirmed) leak of a storyboard from the upcoming movie may reveal Reys death at the end of The Rise of Skywalker. As reported in  We Got This Covered, there are “unverifiable reports” (reported in  The Express  and via Mike Zeroh initially) that a series of storyboards have been leaked, reportedly showing the climax of J. Abrams trilogy-ender. The storyboards allegedly show Kylo Ren cradling Rey, in a scene echoing Lukes final scene with Vader in  Return of the Jedi. Red is reportedly crying as he cradles Rey and puts his hand on her forehead while destruction rages all around. You can watch a video in which Mike Zeroh explains the theory more here.

Ratovi zvijezda uspon skywalkera recenzija. Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera remix. Theres been plenty of speculation about the future of the Star Wars franchise since 2017s  Star Wars: Episode VIII — The Last Jedi  hit theaters, and now the premiere of Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker is here The final, full-length trailer for The Rise of Skywalker offered some intriguing hints as to how the Skywalker saga will conclude, including a brief scene from an epic space battle featuring more than a few iconic ships, and now that weve seen it, weve got our own opinions that dont necessarily follow the critics consensus. The Rise of Skywalker brings back director J. J. Abrams to close out this arc of the iconic sci-fi saga after he helmed 2015s franchise-relaunching Star Wars: Episode VII — The Force Awakens. While Star Wars: Episode IX is now available for your viewing pleasure, if youve yet to see the film, heres everything to know ahead of the action. Jedi mind tricks In a special event hosted in the game Fortnite, Disney released another clip from the upcoming film. This time, we see Rey, Finn, and Poe land on an Imperial space station (which looks strangely familiar to previous films Death Star scenes) and instantly take out a few Stormtroopers. They run into a corridor where theyre stopped by two more Stormtroopers and look to be done for. However, Rey raises a hand and pulls a classic page from Obi-Wan Kenobis book, telling the Stormtroopers, “Its okay that were here. ” They agree, after which Poe asks Finn, “Does she do that to us? ” Its a little comic relief following a potentially significant reveal: That Rey has fully embraced and mastered the Jedi ability to control minds. A telling new clip A clip from Episode IX released a week before  Rise of Skywalker hit theaters features the voice of James Earl Jones, who famously voiced Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy. Emperor Palpatines voice joins that of Vader, as are the voices of Supreme Leader Snoke, taunting Kylo Ren. “I have been every voice you have ever heard inside your head, ” the Sith voices hiss at Kylo, implying that Palpatines powers may have conquered death long enough to pull the strings for the rise of the First Order. Of course, without additional context, its impossible to say definitively whats going on here and that, naturally, is the point of the teaser. At the very least, the clip shows that  The Rise of Skywalker makes a concerted effort to tie together all three trilogies to bring the Star Wars saga to a close. They can fly now Disney released a clip from T he Rise of Skywalker  on November 25 featuring Rey, Finn, Poe, and a few more familiar characters racing across a desert while being pursued by stormtroopers. They werent your usual First Order troops, however, as the stormtroopers took to the sky using jetpacks in the 30-second clip, prompting some surprise from the hero characters. Yes, they can fly now. Final trailer and ticket sales The final trailer for Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (see above) premiered — much like past trailers for the episodic installments of the franchise — during a broadcast of the NFLs Monday Night Football on October 21. Tickets for The Rise of Skywalker  officially went on sale just before the trailers debut. Hello, Babu As part of Lucasfilms annual “Force Friday” campaign, the studio revealed a new character who debuted in The Rise of Skywalker: Babu Frik. The characters official description (via) reads as follows: “The tiny Anzellan droidsmith … works among the Spice Runners of Kijimi and can reprogram or modify virtually any droid — regardless of the security measures protecting its systems. ” Welcome to the Star Wars universe, Babu. D23 preview: The last Jedi goes dark? Disney gave Star Wars fans an early look at some new footage from  The Rise of Skywalker  during the companys D23 Expo in August, and the preview generated quite a bit of discussion due to its closing scene: A shot of Rey (Daisy Ridley) in a dark cloak, wielding a double-bladed, red lightsaber similar to the one Darth Maul used in  The Phantom Menace. Along with that cryptic tease, the video also featured one of the repurposed scenes from the prior films that feature the late Carrie Fisher as Leia, as well as a few other notable moments. A foreboding poster Revealed at Disneys surprisingly packed D23 Expo event in Anaheim, California, the poster for the film is a daringly imaginative battle scene between our hero Rey (Daisy Ridley) and a fully masked Kylo Ren (Adam Driver. The previously rumored return of Emperor Palpatine (Ian McDiarmid) is front and center as he looks on at the fight from the skies above with demonic eyes. A tight schedule The films late change in directors (by Star Wars standards, at least) was keenly felt by the production team, and prompted some creative maintenance of the filming schedule, according to  Rise of Skywalker editor Maryann Brandon. In an interview with Express U. K., the longtime collaborator with Abrams revealed that the tight production schedule for the film had her take the unusual step of cutting footage on set, while they were still filming. “When we did The Force Awakens, we started in May and we finished shooting in October, and we were out [the following] Christmas, ” she explained. “For this film, we didnt start until August, so we werent done until February shooting — so we have four months less time, and its a very big film. ” “So I convinced JJ to let me cut on the set, ” she said. “He was like, ‘No, we never do that. I [said] ‘Just try it, so I can start turning over shots. '” The result was a situation in which Brandon was rarely more than 10 feet from Abrams at any given point during the filming of Rise of Skywalker, editing the movie as it was being filmed. “So if the camera would move 10 feet, I would move 10 feet, ” she recalled. “I was everywhere. ” More details (and photos) emerge In May, Vanity Fair published an in-depth preview of Rise of Skywalker featuring some of the first looks at the characters — both new and returning — that appear in the trilogy-ending chapter of the saga. Among the biggest revelations from the preview include the return of the Knights of Ren, and the confirmation of Keri Russells character in the film, a “masked scoundrel” known as Zorri Bliss. V. F. can exclusively confirm that the mysterious Knights of Ren—first seen in #StarWars: The Force Awakens—are back in #TheRiseofSkywalker — VANITY FAIR ( VanityFair) May 22, 2019 A photo also revealed the first look at Naomi Ackie as Jannah, who joins Finn (John Boyega) in one of the photos, riding into battle on creatures known Orbaks. Heres what we can tell you about #TheRiseofSkywalker: when the film picks up—about a year after the end of The Last Jedi—Rey, Finn, and Poe are all finally in the same place for the first time since The Force Awakens Franchise newcomer Richard E. Grant is also seen in the photos as the First Orders Allegiant General Pryde. New villain alert! Richard E. Grant joins #StarWars as Allegiant General Pryde The full gallery of photos is available at Vanity Fairs website. The first look The first trailer for The Rise of Skywalker dropped in front of a packed crowd at Star Wars Celebration in Chicago, and it revealed much more than just the films title. The trailer would be viewed more than 111 million times within the first 24 hours it was available, according to Deadline, receiving 20 million more views than the trailer for Episode VIII — The Last Jedi  did during the same period of time. As far as what the trailer revealed, Mark Hamill provided the previews evocative voice-over, while footage of Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa — which was originally filmed for The Force Awakens  — tugged at fans heartstrings. Billy Dee Williams as the elder Lando Calrissian looked as dapper as ever sitting in the Millennium Falcons cockpit. More Star Wars News The future of Star Wars: All the known movies and TV series coming your way Comic-Con 2018 highlights: From Star Trek spinoffs to a Star Wars revival Heres how to watch all of the Star Wars films and series online The trailers biggest surprise came at the very end, however, when a maniacal laugh took over the soundtrack. That cackle belongs to none other than former Emperor Palpatine, who (supposedly) died at the end of Star Wars: Episode VI — Return of the Jedi. Just in case there was any confusion, Palpatine actor Ian McDiarmid took the Star Wars Celebration stage after the trailer finished playing and, in character, growled, “Roll it again. ” Otherwise, the Star Wars Celebration Episode IX panel was light on details, although Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy let the assembled cast members share a few small tidbits. Naomi Ackies new character is named Jannah. The Rise of Skywalker brings the sequel trilogy characters together for a single adventure, and BB-8 has a new droid pal named DIO, who is just as cute as you would imagine. A leaked peek? Just a couple of weeks before Star Wars Celebration Chicago alleged promotional materials for the film leaked on Making Star Wars. The images, which include a collage and character sheets, confirm a number of long-standing rumors and offer fans a glimpse of some of Star Wars: Episode IX ‘s new characters. Rey takes center stage on the “leaked” image, dressed in an outfit that recalls both Luke Skywalkers all-white get-up in Star Wars: Episode IV — A New Hope and Padmes costume during Attack of the Clones final battle scene. Poe Dameron is wearing full-on Resistance fighter garb, Finn holds a blaster, and C-3PO wields a Wookiee bowcaster, just like previous reports said he would. Kelly Marie Trans Rose Tico, who first appeared in Star Wars: The Last Jedi, is conspicuously absent. On the villains side, Kylo Ren seems to have reforged his mask and is flanked by a group of similarly clad soldiers who are most likely the mysterious Knights of Ren. Kylos long-rumored legion of red Stormtroopers also appears as does a masked woman who the character sheets call “Zorri, ” and who matches previous descriptions of the new character played by The Americans Keri Russell. The character sheets correctly identify Naomi Ackies bow-wielding character as Jannah and offer a very blurry glimpse at Billy Dee Williams as Lando Calrissian, whose fashion sense doesnt seem to have changed much over the past 40 years. The end of an era On January 15, 2019, Abrams shared some momentous news on Twitter: Principal photography on Star Wars: Episode IX has wrapped after a six-month shoot, marking the end of filming on both Disneys sequel trilogy and the Skywalker family saga as a whole. “It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on Episode IX, ” Abrams wrote alongside a photo of stars Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, and Oscar Issac embracing on set. “There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. Im forever indebted to you all. ” It feels impossible, but today wrapped photography on Episode IX. There is no adequate way to thank this truly magical crew and cast. Im forever indebted to you all. — JJ Abrams ( jjabrams) February 15, 2019 Abrams wasnt the only one who felt that way. Boyega posted the same photo on his social media feed, along with a heartfelt message. “Thats a wrap on Star Wars episode 9 and the end to a chapter of my life that I couldnt be more thankful for, ” Boyega said. “It really has been a joy to be in these movies surrounded by amazing people. JJ thank you for making my dreams come true. ” Cosmic cameos The Star  Wars saga has a long history of bringing in famous actors, musicians, and other familiar faces for small parts — often under heavy makeup or costumes — as a nod to some of the franchises most high-profile fans. Star Wars: Celebrity Chef Jamie Oliver Lands Episode IX Cameo — Comic Book Resources ( CBR) December 26, 2018 According to The Sun, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver suited up as a First Order stormtrooper for Episode IX. Oliver, who hosted the popular BBC series  The Naked Chef for its three-season run, was offered the part after gaining attention for his Star Wars fandom over the years. Oliver joins award-winning musician Ed Sheeran, who will also have a cameo in Episode IX, with both men playing First Order stormtroopers in the film. One year later Given how little time elapsed between the events of  Star Wars: Episode VII — The Force Awakens and  Episode VIII — The Last Jedi, it comes as a bit of a surprise that  Episode IX jumps ahead in the timeline a bit for its story. Speaking to Empire Magazine about the film, actor John Boyega — who portrayed former First Order stormtrooper Finn in  The Force Awakens and  The Last Jedi — indicated that  Episode IX will pick up “roughly one year” after the events of its 2017 predecessor. At Star Wars Celebration 2019, panelists confirmed that there would be a sizable time jump between  The Last Jedi  and  The Rise of Skywalker. John Boyega has confirmed that Star Wars: Episode #IX takes place ONE YEAR after the events of & 39;The Last Jedi& 39. Empire Issue] mdash; Star Wars Stuff ( starwarstuff) December 22, 2018 Rumor patrol: Knights of Ren As with any Star Wars movie, theres no shortage of rumors circling  Episode IX, and a few have sparked quite a bit of discussion in mainstream circles. The mysterious Knights of Ren were also the subject of a popular rumor making the rounds, with reporting that a person present at a Disney marketing event confirmed that the shadowy group seen in Episode VII — The Force Awakens and led by Kylo Ren will indeed be in  Episode IX. “They will definitely be in the next movie, ” writes the unidentified source. “They did show numerous pictures/artwork of them. ” The Doctor is in One of cinemas most popular sci-fi franchises will draw from the ranks of one of televisions longest-running sci-fi sagas. In late August 2018, former Doctor Who  star Matt Smith (pictured above) was reported to be the latest casting addition to  Episode IX. Smith, who played the 11th Doctor in the wildly popular British sci-fi series and recently earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the Netflix series  The Crown, will play an unidentified “key role” in the Star Wars sequel, according to Variety. A bittersweet beginning Abrams commemorated the August 1 start of production on  Episode IX with his first post on Twitter, which acknowledged the absence of franchise veteran Carrie Fisher on the set and thanked  Episode VIII director Rian Johnson and Star Wars creator George Lucas for getting the saga to this point. Bittersweet starting this next chapter without Carrie, but thanks to an extraordinary cast and crew, we are ready to go. Grateful for @rianjohnson and special thanks to George Lucas for creating this incredible world and beginning a story of which we are lucky to be a part. #IX — JJ Abrams ( jjabrams) August 1, 2018 Official cast On July 27, Lucasfilms official Star Wars page listed the major cast list, including the big names returning and those joining anew the latest film in the franchise. And yes, that means Billy Dee Williams officially returns as the iconic Lando Calrissian, as does Mark Hamill which, for reasons we wont specify here, may come as a surprise to some. Follow below for the official cast list: Officially returning for Episode IX are Daisy Ridley, Adam Driver, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyongo, Domhnall Gleeson, Kelly Marie Tran, Joonas Suotamo, and Billie Lourd. Joining the cast for their first Star Wars experience are Naomi Ackie (Dr. Who) Richard E. Grant, and Keri Russell. In addition, veteran Star Wars actors returning include Williams (as promised) Hamill (Luke Skywalker) and Anthony Daniels (C-3PO. Mark Hamill at San Diego Comic-Con 2015 Gage Skidmore/Flickr But those arent the only familiar faces coming back. The announcement states that the late Carrie Fishers character, Leia Organa, also returns for the film “using previously unreleased footage shot for Star Wars: The Force Awakens. ” This may come as a surprise to some following news that no CG version of Fishers character would be used for Episode IX (seemingly implying Leia would not return. However, Episode IX director J. Abrams made a statement to alleviate concerns. “We desperately loved Carrie Fisher, ” Abrams said. “Finding a truly satisfying conclusion to the Skywalker saga without her eluded us. We were never going to recast, or use a CG character. With the support and blessing from her daughter, Billie, we have found a way to honor Carries legacy and role as Leia in Episode IX by using unseen footage we shot together in Episode VII. ” A tricky new title Star Wars films are notorious for using working titles to throw off the public and keep production costs low in terms of locations and services.  Episode VI — Return of the Jedi  was shot under the guise of a horror movie called  Blue Harvest.  Meanwhile, Episode II — Attack of the Clones  poked fun at the negative response to prequel trilogys Gungan leader with the title  Jar-Jars Big Adventure. Sometimes the production title can offer clues, though they may not make sense until after the film is released. Fantha Tracks has reported that the working title for  Episode IX  was trIXie.   The site claimed that “the same research methods and public sources were used by the same team to uncover the production names of every Disney-era Star Wars film to date. ” The Force Awakens  was shot under the title  AVCO, which Bleeding Cool reported was the name of the theater in Los Alamos where a young J. Abrams saw the first Star Wars film. So what does  trIXie  refer to, if anything? It appears to simply be a way to get the roman numeral for the number 9 in the title. Reunion time Following in the footsteps of the Star Wars trilogies that came before it, the current three-part story arc had its main characters separating in  Episode VIII — The Last Jedi, the middle chapter of the saga (much like the characters did in  Episode II — Attack of the Clones and  Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back. As with those previous trilogies, though, the cast reunited for one big team-up for the concluding installment. Disney Asked about  Episode IX during a convention in Washington, D. C. in 2018, Boyega said he expects the film to bring together his character, Finn, with Daisy Ridleys character, Rey. The pair have been separated since the events of Episode VII — The Force Awakens, but that period apart is nearing its end. “I havent read the script for Episode IX, ” he said (via SlashFilm. “But Daisy did shoot me a text saying, ‘Oh my gosh, I just heard from J. [Abrams] and were back together. Thats what Im really excited about, is Finn and Rey back together again. ” Different endings, same result? While discussing the differences in working with Star Wars directors J. Abrams and Rian Johnson, Hamill revealed how the creator of the sci-fi saga, Lucas, planned to handle the later years of his iconic character, Luke Skywalker. “I happen to know that George didnt kill Luke until the end of [ Episode] IX, after he trained Leia, ” Hamill told IGN. “Which is another thread that was never played upon [in The Last Jedi. ” Although most of Lucas plans for a sequel trilogy were reportedly scrapped when Disney took over the franchise,  The Last Jedi  did get to a point with some of its main characters that has a lot in common with those early outlines. Lukes death occurred one episode earlier, and Leia (Carrie Fisher) did show some aptitude with The Force in Johnsons 2017 film. “George had an overall arc — if he didnt have all the details, he had sort of an overall feel for where the [sequel trilogy was] going — but this [sequel trilogy] is more like a relay race, ” Hamill said of the current saga, which appears to be letting its creative teams take the over-arching events in some unexpected directions, too. “You run and hand the torch off to the next guy, he picks it up and goes. ” The rich get richer Whatever your thoughts about  Episode VIII, most can agree that it was a visually spectacular film. Scenes like the throne room saber battle and Vice Admiral Holdos lightspeed strike were breathtaking, thanks to some excellent art direction and production design. Now, the team for  Episode IX has a new, distinguished member: Paul Inglis, who served as art director for the excellent (and gorgeous) Blade Runner 2049. Thanks to a report  from Omega Underground, we know Inglis was tapped as the supervising art director for Episode IX, to work alongside Abrams and the production team to define the films aesthetic. Inglis previous credits also include Skyfall,  Game of Thrones,  Prometheus, and  Children of Men. A different kind of ship Some Star Wars fans saw Rey (Ridley) and Poe (Isaac) meet in  The Last Jedi and started hoping it was their meet-cute. The single scene was enough to fuel shipping rumors — so much so that Ridley had to answer a question about it during a promotional event in China. Redditor Niamor89 posted a video  ( via Sleemo) showing the actress discussing the two Resistance fighters possible romantic future. Put simply, she doesnt really want them to have one. “Its wonderful to have relationships that are not romantic, ” Ridley said. “I dont think in films you always need a romantic relationship. I think friend relationships can be romantic in their gestures and their intimacy and all of that. So I think, hopefully — you know, if Rey and Poe get to have some scenes together and stuff — that there will be intimacy, but I think, for me, it doesnt have to be romantic love. ” Location on loch The next installment of the Star Wars franchise headed to the highlands — the county of Argyll in the Scottish Highlands, to be precise. A report in Scotlands Daily Record indicated that a new Star Wars movie began filming in the western Scottish county of Argyll in June, with shooting taking place in the historic mountain pass known as the Rest and Be Thankful. Although the initial report suggested that it was Johnsons spinoff trilogy that filmed in Argyll, that series hasnt entered production — so if a Star Wars movie did indeed shoot in Argyll, its most likely Abrams Episode IX. Parent problems, redux Although  The Last Jedi seemed to offer some resolution regarding the mystery of Reys lineage, Johnson indicated in an interview with Huffington Post that fans might not have heard the end of that particular identity crisis. “Anythings still open, and Im not writing the next film. [Abrams and co-writer Chris Terrio] are doing it, ” said Johnson while discussing the revelation about Reys parents that has become one of the most polarizing aspects of the film. Their story will go on Dont let the description of  Episode IX as a “concluding chapter” mislead you: The stars of the sequel trilogy arent going away. In a November 2017 interview featured on The Star Wars Show, Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy indicated that many of the main characters introduced in  Star Wars: Episode VII — The Force Awakens will continue their stories in  Episode IX and beyond the sequel trilogy. “Were sitting down now, were talking about the next 10 years of Star Wars stories, and were looking at, narratively, where that might go, ” Kennedy said. “Future stories beyond Episode IX with these new characters — Rey, Poe, Finn, BB-8 — but were also looking at working with people who are interested in coming into the Star Wars world and taking us places we havent been yet. Thats exciting too because its a vast galaxy far, far away. ” Going back to the beginning After original  Episode IX director Colin Trevorrow  exited the project  in September 2017 due to creative differences with the studio, it didnt take long for Disney and Lucasfilm to find a new filmmaker to helm the movie — and he was a familiar face to fans of the franchise. Abrams was named the new director of the film just a week after the post was vacated, with the films co-writer, Academy Award winner Chris Terrio ( Argo, Justice League) also announced at that time. “With The Force Awakens, J. delivered everything we could have possibly hoped for, and I am so excited that he is coming back to close out this trilogy, ” Kennedy said in a statement on. Given the success of Abrams franchise-relaunching sequel  The Force Awakens, the decision to bring him back for  Episode IX seems like a safe bet for the studio. Release date, updated Not too long after Abrams was announced as the director of  Episode IX, the film also received a new release date. Star Wars: Episode IX officially hit theaters on December 20, 2019, several months later than its original release date of May 24, 2019. The new release date has the film arriving in theaters on the same weekend as a live-action feature based on the popular Broadway musical  Cats. It also allows the film to carry on the tradition set by the two serialized installments of the Star Wars franchise that immediately precede it,  Star Wars: Episode VII — The Force Awakens and Star Wars: Episode VIII — The Last Jedi, which were both assigned December premieres. Editors' Recommendations The future of Star Wars: All the known movies and TV series coming your way All the Star Wars movies ever made, ranked from worst to best Youre doing it wrong! 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"Episode IX" redirects here. For other uses, see Episode 9. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Theatrical release poster Directed by J. J. Abrams Produced by Kathleen Kennedy J. Abrams Michelle Rejwan Screenplay by Chris Terrio Story by Derek Connolly Colin Trevorrow Based on Characters by George Lucas Starring Carrie Fisher Mark Hamill Adam Driver Daisy Ridley John Boyega Oscar Isaac Anthony Daniels Naomi Ackie Domhnall Gleeson Richard E. Grant Lupita Nyong'o Keri Russell Joonas Suotamo Kelly Marie Tran Ian McDiarmid Billy Dee Williams Music by John Williams Cinematography Dan Mindel [1] Edited by Maryann Brandon [1] Stefan Grube [1] Production company Lucasfilm Ltd. Bad Robot Productions Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Release date December 16, 2019 ( Hollywood) December 20, 2019 (United States) Running time 143 minutes [2] Country United States Language English Budget 275 million [3] Box office 1. 058 billion [4] 5] Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (also known as Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker) is a 2019 American epic space opera film produced, co-written, and directed by J. J. Abrams. It is the third installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017) and the final episode of the nine-part " Skywalker saga. a] It was produced by Lucasfilm and Abrams's production company Bad Robot Productions and was distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Kelly Marie Tran, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Ian McDiarmid, and Billy Dee Williams. It features the second posthumous film performance by Fisher, who died in 2016 and appears through the use of unused footage from The Force Awakens. [1] The Rise of Skywalker follows Rey, Finn, and Poe Dameron as they lead the Resistance 's final stand against Kylo Ren and the First Order, who are now aided by the return of the deceased galactic emperor, Palpatine. After the new trilogy was announced following Disney's acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012, it was originally reported that The Last Jedi director Rian Johnson would write the script for Episode IX. In August 2015, Colin Trevorrow was hired to direct and to write a script with his collaborator Derek Connolly; both ultimately retained story credit with Abrams and Chris Terrio. In September 2017, Trevorrow left the project following creative differences with producer Kathleen Kennedy, and Abrams returned as director. Principal photography began in August 2018 at Pinewood Studios in England and wrapped in February 2019. Post-production was completed on November 24, 2019. With an estimated budget of 275 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. The Rise of Skywalker had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 16, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 20, 2019. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the acting (particularly Ridley and Driver) action sequences, and visual effects, but criticized the plot, pacing, and perceived departures from the themes and plot of The Last Jedi. It has grossed over 1 billion worldwide, making it the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2019, and the 35th highest-grossing film of all time. The film received three nominations at the 92nd Academy Awards ( Best Original Score, Best Visual Effects, and Best Sound Editing) 7] as well as three at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards (also Best Special Visual Effects, Best Original Music, and Best Sound. 8] Plot [ edit] Following a threat of revenge by the revived Emperor Palpatine, Kylo Ren obtains a Sith wayfinder, leading him to the uncharted planet Exegol. There, he finds Palpatine, who reveals that he created Snoke as a puppet to control the First Order and lure Kylo to the dark side. Palpatine unveils the Final Order — a secret armada of Star Destroyers — and tells Kylo to find and kill Rey, who is continuing her Jedi training under Resistance leader Leia Organa. Finn and Poe Dameron deliver intel from a spy that Palpatine is on Exegol; Rey has learned from Luke Skywalker 's notes that a Sith wayfinder can lead them there. Rey, Finn, Poe, Chewbacca, BB-8, and C-3PO depart in the Millennium Falcon to Pasaana, where Luke's search for Exegol ended. On Pasaana, the group encounters Lando Calrissian, who points them to the wayfinder's last suspected location. Kylo learns where Rey is through their Force bond and travels there with his warrior subordinates, the Knights of Ren. Rey and the others discover the remains of a Jedi hunter named Ochi, his ship, and a dagger inscribed with Sith text, which C-3PO's programming forbids him from interpreting. Sensing that Kylo is nearby, Rey goes to confront him. The First Order captures the Falcon, Chewbacca, and the dagger; attempting to save Chewbacca, Rey accidentally destroys a First Order transport with Force lightning. Presuming that Chewbacca has been killed, the group escapes on Ochi's ship. Poe suggests traveling to Kijimi to have the Sith text extracted from C-3PO's memory; the process reveals coordinates to a wayfinder. Rey senses that Chewbacca is alive, and the group mounts a rescue mission. While Kylo searches for Rey, the group infiltrates his Star Destroyer with the help of Zorii Bliss, an old acquaintance of Poe's. Rey recovers the dagger and has visions of her parents being killed with it. Kylo informs her that she is Palpatine's granddaughter; the Sith Lord had ordered Ochi to recover Rey as a child, but her parents hid her on Jakku to protect her. General Hux saves Poe, Finn, and Chewbacca from execution, revealing himself as the spy. He permits the group to escape on the Falcon, but is discovered and executed. The group arrives on Kef Bir, where Rey locates the wayfinder on the remains of the second Death Star; upon touching the artifact, she has a vision of herself as a Sith. Having tracked them, Kylo destroys Rey's wayfinder and duels her. Dying, Leia calls to Kylo through the Force, distracting him as Rey impales him. Sensing Leia's death, Rey heals Kylo and takes his ship to exile herself on Ahch-To. There, Luke's Force spirit encourages Rey to face Palpatine and gives her Leia's lightsaber. Rey leaves for Exegol in Luke's X-wing fighter, using the wayfinder from Kylo's ship. Meanwhile, Kylo converses with a memory of his father, Han Solo; he throws away his lightsaber and reclaims his identity as Ben Solo. Palpatine has one of his superlaser-equipped Star Destroyers obliterate Kijimi. Upon the group's return to the Resistance base, R2-D2 receives a signal from Rey. The Resistance follows Rey's coordinates to Exegol, where she confronts Palpatine; he demands she kill him to transfer his spirit into her. Lando brings reinforcements from across the galaxy to join the battle. Ben overpowers the Knights of Ren and joins Rey, but Palpatine drains the pair's power to rejuvenate himself. He attacks the Resistance fleet with Force lightning and incapacitates Ben. Weakened, Rey hears the voices of past Jedi, who lend her their strength. Palpatine attacks her with his lightning, but Rey deflects it using the Skywalker lightsabers, killing him and herself. Ben uses the Force to revive her at the cost of his own life; Rey kisses Ben before he dies. The Resistance destroys Palpatine's command ship, leaving the armada trapped over Exegol. As people across the galaxy rise up against the First Order, the Resistance returns to their base to celebrate. After the celebration, Rey visits Luke's abandoned childhood home on Tatooine and buries the Skywalker lightsabers, having built her own. A passerby asks her name; as the spirits of Luke and Leia watch, she replies, Rey Skywalker. " Cast [ edit] Carrie Fisher [1] as Leia Organa, the Force-sensitive leading general of the Resistance, widow of Han Solo, mother to Ben Solo, Luke Skywalker's twin sister and Darth Vader / Anakin Skywalker 's daughter. Fisher, who died in late 2016, appears through the use of repurposed unreleased footage from The Force Awakens. [9] 10] b] c] Mark Hamill [1] as Luke Skywalker, the last Jedi Master, Leia Organa's twin brother, Darth Vader / Anakin Skywalker's son and maternal uncle of Kylo Ren who became one with the Force in The Last Jedi. [15] Adam Driver as Ben Solo / Kylo Ren, 16] the Supreme Leader of the First Order. Born as Ben Solo, he is the son of Leia Organa and Han Solo, the nephew of Luke Skywalker and grandson of Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader. Daisy Ridley as Rey [16] a former scavenger from Jakku, a member of the Resistance, the last Jedi, apprentice of Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa, and Palpatine 's granddaughter. She adopts the surname Skywalker at the end of the film to honor her mentors. [17] 18] 19] Cailey Fleming and Josefine Irrera Jackson as Young Rey. John Boyega as Finn, 16] a member of the Resistance and a former stormtrooper (FN-2187) who defected from the First Order. Oscar Isaac as Poe Dameron, 16] a high-ranking X-wing fighter pilot and commander of the Resistance who later inherits the rank of General from Leia. Anthony Daniels [1] as C-3PO, a humanoid protocol droid in the service of General Leia Organa. Daniels is the only actor to have appeared in all of the episodic films in the series. [20] Naomi Ackie as Jannah, 21] a former Stormtrooper of the First Order living on the planet Kef Bir, who aids the Resistance. Domhnall Gleeson [1] as General Armitage Hux, the First Order's second-in-command, who nonetheless gives information to the Resistance because of his dislike for Kylo Ren. Richard E. Grant [1] as Allegiant General Enric Pryde, a high-ranking general in the First Order, who also previously served in the Galactic Empire. [22] Lupita Nyong'o [1] as Maz Kanata, a former space pirate and ally of the Resistance. Keri Russell as Zorii Bliss, 23] 24] an old acquaintance of Poe's from Kijimi. [25] Joonas Suotamo [1] as Chewbacca, a Wookiee and first mate of the Millennium Falcon and longtime friend of Han Solo. Kelly Marie Tran [1] as Rose Tico, a mechanic in the Resistance who befriended Finn and joined him and his allies in The Last Jedi. Ian McDiarmid [26] 27] as Sheev Palpatine / Darth Sidious, the dark lord of the Sith and former emperor of the galaxy who was killed by the redeemed Anakin Skywalker in Return of the Jedi. [28] Having returned via "unnatural" Force abilities, 29] he is revealed to be Rey's paternal grandfather. [30] Billy Dee Williams as Lando Calrissian, 1] a veteran of the Rebel Alliance, the original owner of the Millennium Falcon and an old friend of Chewbacca, Leia, Luke and Han. Williams returns to the Star Wars franchise onscreen for the first time since Return of the Jedi. [31] Billie Lourd, Greg Grunberg, and Harrison Ford reprise their roles as Lieutenant Kaydel Ko Connix, 32] b] Temmin "Snap" Wexley, 33] and Han Solo, 34] respectively; Ford was uncredited for his role. Additionally, Dominic Monaghan portrays Resistance trooper Beaumont Kin, and Shirley Henderson voices Babu Frik in multiple languages. [35] 36] Hassan Taj and Lee Towersey perform the role of R2-D2, replacing Jimmy Vee, who had played the role in the previous two films, 37] whilst Ben Burtt returns as the vocals of R2-D2, Chewbacca, Lightsabers, and the breaths of Darth Vader. Dave Chapman and Brian Herring return as the puppeteers of BB-8. [38] Director J. Abrams also provides the voice for D-O. [39] Nick Kellington returns as the creature performance of Klaud. Martin Wilde, Anton Simpson-Tidy, Lukaz Leong, Tom Rodgers, Joe Kennard, and Ashley Beck appear as the Knights of Ren. Amanda Lawrence reprises her role as Commander Larma DAcy, while Vinette Robinson plays her wife, Pilot Wrobie Tyce. Amir El-Masry appears as Commander Trach. Jodie Comer and Billy Howle briefly appear as Rey's mother and father, respectively. [39] Mike Quinn and Kipsang Rotich return as the performer and voice of Nien Nunb, respectively. Denis Lawson and Warwick Davis briefly reprise their roles as Wedge Antilles, a veteran of the Rebel Alliance; and Wicket W. Warrick, the leader of the Ewoks, respectively. [36] 39] Tom Wilton and screenwriter Chris Terrio briefly appear as the performer and voice for Aftab Ackbar, the son of Admiral Ackbar, respectively. [36] Composer John Williams cameos as Oma Tres, a Kijimi bartender, and Lin-Manuel Miranda cameos as a Resistance trooper. [39] Kevin Smith and Jeff Garlin both have cameos. [40] 41] Actors making reprisal vocal cameos include James Earl Jones as Darth Vader, Andy Serkis as Snoke, and the voices of Jedi Past with Ewan McGregor and Alec Guinness as Obi-Wan Kenobi (the latter via digitally altered archive audio) Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker, Ashley Eckstein as Ahsoka Tano, Freddie Prinze Jr. as Kanan Jarrus, Olivia d'Abo as Luminara Unduli, Frank Oz as Yoda, Liam Neeson as Qui-Gon Jinn, Jennifer Hale as Aayla Secura, Samuel L. Jackson as Mace Windu, and Angelique Perrin as Adi Gallia. [36] Ed Sheeran, 36] Dhani Harrison, Nigel Godrich, J. D Dillard, and Dave Hearn cameo as stormtroopers. Production [ edit] Development [ edit] In October 2012, Star Wars creator George Lucas sold his production company Lucasfilm, and with it the Star Wars franchise, to The Walt Disney Company. [42] Disney subsequently announced the Star Wars sequel trilogy. [43] In June 2014, it was announced that Rian Johnson, writer and director of The Last Jedi, would write a story treatment for Episode IX. [44] In August 2015, Colin Trevorrow was announced as the director of the film; 45] he was to write the script with frequent collaborator Derek Connolly. [45] 46] In April 2017, Johnson stated that he was not involved in writing the film. [47] In February 2016, Disney chief executive officer Bob Iger confirmed that pre-production on Episode IX had begun. [48] Carrie Fisher died in December 2016. Her brother Todd later said, She was going to be the big payoff in the final film. She was going to be the last Jedi, so to speak. 49] In late April 2017, Disney announced that the film would be released on May 24, 2019. [50] A month later, filming was expected to begin in January 2018, 51] but this was later pushed back to August. In August 2017, it was announced that Jack Thorne would rewrite the script. [52] On September 5, 2017, Lucasfilm stated that Trevorrow had left the production following creative differences. [53] The Hollywood Reporter reported that his working relationship with Kathleen Kennedy had become unmanageable after failing to deliver a satisfactory script, despite writing several drafts. [54] Johnson was rumored as the top choice to replace Trevorrow as director, 55] but stated "it was never in the plan for me to direct Episode IX. 56] The next day, it was announced that J. J. Abrams, the director of The Force Awakens, would return to direct the film, 57] and that the film's release date would be moved to December 20, 2019. [58] The story team met with George Lucas before writing the new script, 59] which Abrams co-wrote with Chris Terrio; 60] Trevorrow and Connolly retain story credits. [61] 62] d] The story was rewritten to some extent before filming was completed. [65] The film was produced by Abrams's company Bad Robot Productions, Kathleen Kennedy, and Michelle Rejwan. [60] Before filming, Episode IX was initially given the working title Black Diamond, which was then changed to TrIXie, 66] most likely to insert the roman numeral "IX" within the working title. [67] The title, The Rise of Skywalker, was announced at April 2019's Star Wars Celebration in Chicago. [68] Casting [ edit] Carrie Fisher, who played Leia Organa, died on December 27, 2016. Variety and Reuters reported that she had been planned for a key role in Episode IX. [69] In January 2017, Lucasfilm stated that there were no plans to digitally generate Fisher's performance as they had for Rogue One. [70] The following April, Fisher's brother Todd revealed that Fisher's daughter, Billie Lourd, had granted Disney the rights to use recent footage of Fisher. [71] However, a week later, Kathleen Kennedy stated that Fisher would not appear in the film. [72] 73] In July 2018, J. J. Abrams announced that unused footage of Fisher from The Force Awakens would be used to help complete the story. [9] 10] 74] e] In flashback scenes, digital de-aging was used for the appearance of Luke but not Leia. [75] In July 2018, Keri Russell was in talks to play a part with some "action-heavy fight scenes. 76] and it was confirmed that Billy Dee Williams would return as Lando Calrissian, 77] onscreen for the first time since 1983's Return of the Jedi —marking one of the longest intervals between portrayals of a character by the same actor in American film history. [31] f] At the end of July, Russell was confirmed to have been cast, 78] and there was an announcement of returning and additional new cast members. [1] In late August, Deadline Hollywood announced that Dominic Monaghan and Matt Smith had been cast in unspecified roles, 79] 80] but Smith later denied his involvement. [81] g] Greg Grunberg reprises his role as Temmin "Snap" Wexley. [33] Jimmy Vee stated on Twitter that he would be reprising the role of R2-D2, but in the final film the droid was credited to Hassan Taj and Lee Towersey. [84] 37] Brian Herring returns to puppeteer BB-8. [85] At Star Wars Celebration in April 2019, it was revealed via the film's teaser trailer that Ian McDiarmid would return to portray Palpatine. [26] Since the event was held after principal photography wrapped, Abrams was thrilled that news of McDiarmid on the set never leaked. [86] Kathleen Kennedy said they decided to reveal Palpatine's return ahead of the film's release because "many of the characters that are playing a significant role in the story, the fans know. They don't know how this story is going to unfold, but they know who they are. It's not like Baby Yoda. the surprise popular character from The Mandalorian. [87] Filming [ edit] Principal photography began on August 1, 2018, at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England. [1] Filming also took place in Wadi Rum, Jordan. [88] Oscar Isaac stated that Abrams was allowing more improvised acting than in the previous two films. [89] Due to the tight schedule, some editing took place on set. [90] Principal photography wrapped on February 15, 2019. [91] Footage from the film was shown at The Walt Disney Company's annual shareholders meeting on March 7, 2019. [92] Reshoots took place at Bad Robot Productions between late September and mid-October. [93] Post-production [ edit] The visual effects were created by Industrial Light & Magic and supervised by Roger Guyett. [94] The film finished post-production on November 25, 2019. After Boyega accidentally left a copy of the script in his hotel room, it was listed on eBay for around 65. A Disney employee identified the script as authentic and purchased it from the seller for an undisclosed sum. [95] 96] 97] Lucasfilm honored Riley Howell, a student and Star Wars fan who heroically died at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte shooting in April 2019, by naming a Jedi after him in its book Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker - The Visual Dictionary. The book credits "Ri-Lee Howell" with collecting "many of the earliest accounts of exploration and codifications of The Force. 98] Music [ edit] On January 10, 2018, it was confirmed that John Williams would return to compose and conduct The Rise of Skywalker. [99] 100] The next month, Williams announced that it would be the last Star Wars film for which he would compose the score. [101] In August 2019, it was revealed that Williams had written about 35 of an expected 135 minutes of music for the film, which according to Williams's brother Don, would incorporate all of the major themes of the Skywalker saga. [102] Scoring began in July 2019 with Williams and William Ross conducting and orchestrating the sessions over the course of six months. [103] Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack album digitally on December 18, 2019, with a physical release following on December 20. [104] Marketing [ edit] Though Abrams stayed silent about many details of the film, he expressed his hopes that audiences would be "satisfied. 105] He headed a panel dedicated to the film on April 12, 2019, during Star Wars Celebration in Chicago, Illinois, 106] where the film's title was revealed via the first trailer, and new images were shown. [68] The trailer was viewed 111 million times in the first 24 hours of its release, which was 20 million more views than the teaser for The Last Jedi and more than double that of The Force Awakens. [107] A publishing campaign titled " Journey to Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker " was announced on May 4, 2019 ( Star Wars Day. It includes the novel Resistance Reborn, set between The Last Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker, and various other titles. [108] Additionally, the story events of the Disneyland themed area Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge precede the film, including the Millennium Falcon: Smugglers Run motion simulator, which features Chewbacca. [109] On August 24, a new poster and "sizzle reel" was released at D23; 25] the latter was released to the public two days later. The footage includes a montage of the Skywalker saga so far, as well as several new shots from the film. [110] The final trailer was released on October 21, 2019 during Monday Night Football. [111] In December 2019, the video game Fortnite Battle Royale released several cosmetics featuring character skins for Rey, Finn, a Sith Trooper, Kylo Ren, and Zorii Bliss along with a TIE Fighter glider, a Millennium Falcon glider (which was given to players for free from the Winterfest Event) four emotes, and a two free banners. [112] On December 14, Fortnite 's publisher Epic Games released a preview of the film on an in-game theater screen as a live event. [113] At the end of the event, a message from Palpatine (like the one mentioned in the film's opening crawl) was heard. [114] To coincide with the release of the film, a trailer for the forthcoming video game, Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga was released on the same day. [115] Release [ edit] The film was originally planned to be released on May 24, 2019, in the United States before being pushed back to December 20. [50] 58] It had its world premiere in Los Angeles on December 16. [116] Unlike most studio films, Disney reportedly did not hold test screenings for The Rise of Skywalker, instead only showing it to Abrams' friends and family, as well as a terminally ill fan. [117] 118] A shot near the end of the film, featuring two female Resistance members kissing, was cut in Dubai and Singapore. [119] 120] The film will be released on Disney+ in 2020. [121] Reception [ edit] Box office [ edit] As of February 2, 2020, Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker has grossed 507. 1 million in the United States and Canada, and 551 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of 1. 058 billion. [4] 5] Pre-sale tickets went on sale on October 21, 2019 and the film sold more tickets in their first hour of availability on Atom Tickets than the previous record-holder for ticket sales, Avengers: Endgame. It became Atom Tickets' second-best first-day seller of all-time behind Endgame, selling more than twice the number of tickets as The Last Jedi sold in that same timeframe, while Fandango reported it outsold all previous Star Wars films. [111] 122] Box office tracking had The Rise of Skywalker grossing around 205 million in its opening weekend, though some firms predicted a debut closer to 175 million. [123] The film made 89. 6 million on its first day, including 40 million from Thursday night previews, the sixth-highest opening day of all-time. [124] 125] It went on to debut to 177. 4 million, which was the third-highest opening ever for a December release and the 12th-best all-time, and it was also noted that Saturday (which saw a 47 percent drop from Friday's gross) was the busiest shopping day of the year, likely affecting ticket sales. [126] 127] 128] However, Deadline Hollywood did write that "we can't ignore" the less than stellar audience exit scores, which could affect the film's legs moving forward. [126] The film made 32 million on Christmas Day, the second-best total ever for the holiday after The Force Awakens ' 49. 3 million in 2015. [129] It went on to have a five-day total of 135. 2 million, including 72. 4 million for the weekend. [130] 131] 132] In its third weekend the film made 34. 5 million, remaining in first, 133] 134] before being dethroned in its fourth weekend by newcomer 1917. [135] Worldwide the film was projected to gross around 450 million in its opening weekend, including 250 million from 52 international territories. [136] It made 59. 1 million from its first day of international release in 46 countries. The biggest markets were the United Kingdom (8. 3 million) Germany (7. 2 million) France (5. 3 million) and Australia (4. 3 million. 137] In China, where Star Wars has never been a big draw and each Disney installment opened to diminishing amounts, the film made just 1. 6 million (RMB11. 6 million) through its first day. [138] It went on to open to 198 million from overseas countries and 373. 5 million worldwide, coming in below projections and 47 percent lower than The Last Jedi ' s total. Its biggest opening totals remained the UK (26. 8 million) Germany (21. 8 million) France (15. 2 million) Japan (14. 6 million) Australia (12. 6 million) and China (12. 1 million. 137] Critical response [ edit] Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 52% based on 472 reviews, with an average rating of 6. 17/10. The website's critics consensus reads. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker suffers from a frustrating lack of imagination, but concludes this beloved saga with fan-focused devotion. 139] It is the lowest rated live-action, theatrically released Star Wars film on the site. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 54 out of 100, based on 60 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews. 140] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter praised the visual effects, but criticized the storytelling, writing, A plot like this, featuring so many characters, locations and story dynamics, can by nature be confusing; so relentless is the pileup of incident that, at a certain point, one can be excused for checking out on the particulars of what's going on at a given moment and why, in favor of just going along for the amusement park ride. 141] For The A. V. Club, A. A. Dowd gave the film a C+ writing that the film "is so freighted with obligation that it almost groans under the weight, flashing a weak smile as it vaguely approximates the appearance of a zippy good time. 142] The BBC 's Nicholas Barber wrote that "the film is well acted, it looks so good that there is bound to be a fabulous tie-in coffee-table book of concept art, and it has a positive message about never giving up hope. But the main feeling it instills in the viewer is a renewed respect for the imagination of Lucas. The Rise of Skywalker has been lovingly crafted by a host of talented people, and yet the best they can do is pay tribute to everything he did several decades ago. 143] Richard Roeper, reviewing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film three stars out of four, stating. The Rise of Skywalker rarely comes close to touching greatness, but it's a solid, visually dazzling and warmhearted victory for the Force of quality filmmaking. 144] Owen Gleiberman of Variety praised the film as "the most elegant, emotionally rounded, and gratifying Star Wars adventure since the glory days of Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back. but added that "given the last eight films, the bar isn't that high. 145] Michael Phillips for Chicago Tribune wrote that " The Rise of Skywalker does the job. It wraps up the trio of trilogies begun in 1977 in a confident, soothingly predictable way, doing all that is cinematically possible to avoid poking the bear otherwise known as tradition-minded quadrants of the Star Wars fan base. 146] Scott Mendelson for Forbes described the film as "possibly worse than any prior Star Wars 'episode. It ends a legendary franchise with a thud while denying this new trilogy its artistic reason for existence. He said the main problem "isn't just that it absolutely walks back a number of potent reveals and plot threads from the last movie, but rather that the 142-minute movie spends almost its entire running time retconning its predecessor and adding painfully conventional 'plot twists' and patronizing reversals in the name of mollifying the fans who merely want to be reminded of the first three movies. 147] Similarly, Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times felt the film "nakedly offers itself up in the spirit of a Last Jedi corrective, a return to storytelling basics, a nearly 2½-hour compendium of everything that made you fall in love with Star Wars in the first place. The more accurate way to describe it, I think, is as an epic failure of nerve. This Rise feels more like a retreat, a return to a zone of emotional and thematic safety from a filmmaker with a gift for packaging nostalgia as subversion. 148] Writing for The New Yorker, Richard Brody found the film to come short of others in the franchise, stating: The faults of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker are those of the franchise over all, distilled and magnified because the film's director, J. Abrams, is mainly a distiller and a magnifier, and brings virtually no originality to it. His earnest and righteously grandiose direction evokes, as few movies do, a craving for Michael Bay at the controls. 149] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle disliked the film, writing in his review: The audience is reacting, not with honest feeling, but more like one of Pavlov's dogs. Here's a truth that must be kept in mental balance with the warm rush of the movie's final minutes: For about 75 percent of its running time, The Rise Of Skywalker is a disappointment. Still, for all the movie's faults, it's likely that most people will consider The Rise of Skywalker and accept the trade: Sit through a so-so 110 minutes to get to a strong half hour. 150] Whereas Kelly Marie Tran had around 10 minutes of screentime in The Last Jedi, she appears for about a minute in The Rise of Skywalker. The reduced role was interpreted by some critics as a concession to fans who disliked her character; 151] Tran had been a target of online harassment following the release of The Last Jedi. In Vox, Alissa Wilkinson wrote that "its hard not to think that choice is designed to avoid further angering those fans who harbor a racist vendetta against a movie that dares to cast an Asian woman in a co-starring role. 152] Screenwriter Chris Terrio said Tran had reduced screentime because of the difficulty of including the late Carrie Fisher in scenes. [153] Audience response [ edit] According to CinemaScore, American audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+ on an A+ to F scale; by comparison, The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi each earned an "A" score and all three of the prequels an "A–. 154] On PostTrak, audiences gave the film an average 4 out of 5 stars, with 70 percent saying they would definitely recommend it; parents and children under 12 years old (who made up 16 percent of opening night attendance) gave it a full five out of five stars. Men (who made up 67 percent of the audience) gave the film an overall positive score of 80 percent while women (33 percent) gave it an 84 percent. [126] 155] RelishMix, which tracks social media posts and online presence, noticed a divided reaction to Skywalker online, though it leaned slightly positive. 126] Months prior to the film's trailer release, the film was review bombed on Rotten Tomatoes to the point where the "Want to See" percentage went down as far as 5 percent within a day, with many of them focusing on lingering negativity towards The Last Jedi. [156] Similar bombing with Captain Marvel caused Rotten Tomatoes to completely remove the Want to See feature after temporarily changing it to a number. [156] Despite the early review bombing and the lower scores with critics and audience polls, The Rise of Skywalker received a high Rotten Tomatoes audience score. This was opposite to the low audience and high critics score of The Last Jedi. Humza Hussain at Screen Rant suggested that the story decisions had generally appeased the detractors of The Last Jedi. [157] Abrams was aware that any decision would please some and not others, saying "They're all right. 158] Accolades [ edit] Notes [ edit] The "Skywalker saga" refers to the main Star Wars film franchise, which is a trilogy of trilogies. [6] a b Billie Lourd portrays her mother's character in a short flashback, which also utilizes footage from Return of the Jedi. [11] 12] Unseen footage of Fisher from The Last Jedi was considered but not used. [13] 14] Trevorrow and Connolly's script, titled Duel of the Fates after the theme of the same name from The Phantom Menace, included elements which were utilized to some extent in the final film, such as Kylo finding a Sith holocron in Darth Vader's castle on Mustafar, and the transference of Force energy. [63] 64] According to Todd Fisher, There's a lot of minutes of footage. I don't mean just outtakes. This is unused, new content that could be woven into the storyline. It's going to look like it was meant to be. Like it was shot yesterday. 10] Also tying this record is Denis Lawson as Wedge Antilles, though he only makes a cameo appearance in The Rise of Skywalker. ^ In April 2019, Disney's British website also listed Smith as being in the film, 82] but removed his and Monaghan's name the following month. [83] References [ edit] a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Hipes, Patrick (July 27, 2018. Star Wars: Episode IX Rounds Out Cast, Which Will Include Carrie Fisher In Unreleased Footage. Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018. ^ Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker - BBFC. British Board of Film Classification. December 6, 2019. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2019... Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker' Wins 175 Million Box Office, While the Farce Be With 'Cats. IndieWire. December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019. ^ a b "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019. Box Office Mojo. IMDb. 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Retrieved February 1, 2020. ^ Hipes, Patrick (January 7, 2020. VES Awards Nominations: The Lion King. Alita: Battle Angel. The Mandalorian. GoT' Top List. Retrieved January 7, 2020. ^ Lewis, Hillary (January 30, 2020. Artios Awards: Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. Jojo Rabbit' Among Casting Society Winners. Retrieved February 2, 2020. ^ Petski, Denise (December 9, 2019. Art Directors Guild Awards: The Irishman. Mandalorian. Once Upon A Time In Hollywood' Among Nominees. Retrieved December 9, 2019. External links [ edit] v t e J. Abrams Films Director Mission: Impossible III  (2006, also wrote) Star Trek  (2009, also produced) Super 8  (2011, also wrote, produced) Star Trek Into Darkness  (2013, also produced) Star Wars: The Force Awakens  (2015, also wrote, produced) Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker  (2019, also wrote, produced) Writer Taking Care of Business  (1990) Regarding Henry  (1991) Forever Young  (1992) Gone Fishin' 1997) Armageddon  (1998) Joy Ride  (2001, also produced) Producer The Pallbearer  (1996) The Suburbans  (1999) Cloverfield (2008) Morning Glory  (2010) Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol  (2011) Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation  (2015) 10 Cloverfield Lane  (2016) Star Trek Beyond  (2016) The Cloverfield Paradox  (2018) Mission: Impossible – Fallout  (2018) Overlord  (2018) Television Felicity  (1998–2002) Alias  (2001–2006) Lost  (2004–2010) Fringe  (2008–2013) Undercovers  (2010) Contraband  (TBA) Related Unrealized projects S.

Ratovi zvijezda uspon skywalkera sa prevodom. Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera lyrics. Ratovi zvijezda uspon skywalkera imdb. More Star Wars: Episode IX — The Rise of Skywalker All Star Wars: Episode IX — The Rise of Skywalker Copyright. All rights reserved. Printed from. Star Wars: Episode IX - full movie vodlocker… Star Wars: Episode IX - The Rise of Skywalker Download Full. It is clear from the first 5 minutes of this film that it is going to be a mess. There is basically no exposition in the film, and I think that is possibly its biggest failing creatively of all its many failings. What exposition there is is flat out told to you instead of revealed. That is a really bad way to start a movie, and it suffers for it. The exposition which is explained to you at the start throws in about ten major shifts in the plot within those first five minutes which would be more properly suited for a climax in and of themselves, changing all the stakes and almost completely disconnecting this film from the previous two entries in the trilogy right from the outset. This was not a good creative decision by JJ Abrams, and the film doesn't really recover from that unforced error until about halfway through. The pacing of the film was designed for a hummingbird, with no time to even emotionally respond or absorb what transpires on the screen before we are off to the next bit of convoluted madness. There should have been half as much plot but twice as much time spent with the remaining half and half as many characters but twice as much time spent with the remaining characters. Less is more and show don't tell these are fundamentals of movie-making J. J. Abrams should know at this point in his career. The film is technically sound in a lot of ways. The action is itself very pretty, but without character development there are no stakes. Why should you care what happens? Whether people almost get shot or do get shot or blown up, why should you care if you aren't invested in those people because you know them? The acting isn't that bad, but there was very little acting demanded given the lack of narrative and character development. This is the worst Star Wars movie that has ever been made, in my opinion. It is worse than Star Wars: The Phantom Menace. At least that movie had a cognizable narrative, even though it was a terrible and boring narrative. The acting is better in this movie than some of the characters in that movie, but that is the only thing that is better. This movie was bad in a way that makes the previous movies worse. I wish I had not seen it.

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Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera youtube. The surviving members of the resistance face the First Order once again, and the legendary conflict between the Jedi and the Sith reaches its peak bringing the Skywalker saga to its end. All Releases Domestic ( 48% 511, 102, 540 International ( 52% 553, 963, 044 Worldwide 1, 065, 065, 584 Summary Details Earliest Release Date December 18, 2019 (13 markets) MPAA PG-13 Running Time 2 hr 22 min Genres Action Adventure Fantasy Sci-Fi Domestic Area Release Date Opening Gross Domestic Dec 20, 2019 177, 383, 864 511, 102, 540 Europe, Middle East, and Africa Area Release Date Opening Gross Austria Dec 18, 2019 2, 195, 499 6, 096, 074 Belgium Dec 18, 2019 2, 379, 822 7, 098, 052 Bulgaria Dec 20, 2019 – 1, 462, 957 Croatia Dec 19, 2019 307, 977 795, 152 Czech Republic Dec 19, 2019 3, 016, 431 Denmark Dec 18, 2019 3, 010, 704 7, 658, 586 Finland Dec 18, 2019 2, 428, 682 6, 093, 876 France Dec 18, 2019 16, 482, 515 45, 934, 443 Germany Dec 18, 2019 22, 095, 478 65, 947, 804 Hungary Dec 19, 2019 1, 429, 735 3, 754, 994 Iceland Dec 20, 2019 147, 021 560, 746 Italy Dec 18, 2019 6, 003, 285 14, 937, 646 Lithuania Dec 18, 2019 90, 847 322, 095 Netherlands Dec 18, 2019 3, 089, 583 10, 444, 409 Norway Dec 20, 2019 3, 022, 419 5, 825, 921 Poland Dec 19, 2019 3, 543, 503 9, 224, 866 Portugal Dec 19, 2019 750, 797 2, 408, 112 Romania Dec 20, 2019 682, 268 1, 905, 797 Serbia and Montenegro Dec 19, 2019 180, 412 377, 521 Slovakia Dec 19, 2019 888, 994 Slovenia Dec 19, 2019 120, 055 379, 548 South Africa Dec 20, 2019 496, 450 1, 523, 925 Spain Dec 19, 2019 6, 029, 427 21, 413, 862 Sweden Dec 18, 2019 4, 561, 693 11, 779, 246 Switzerland Dec 18, 2019 2, 747, 813 7, 328, 282 Turkey Dec 20, 2019 699, 794 1, 564, 819 Ukraine Dec 19, 2019 855, 329 2, 038, 354 United Arab Emirates Dec 19, 2019 922, 105 2, 221, 736 United Kingdom Dec 20, 2019 27, 013, 321 74, 745, 222 Latin America Area Release Date Opening Gross Argentina Dec 19, 2019 1, 259, 857 3, 094, 448 Bolivia Dec 19, 2019 705, 387 Brazil Dec 19, 2019 5, 941, 188 13, 264, 933 Chile Dec 19, 2019 1, 371, 876 3, 617, 178 Colombia Dec 19, 2019 979, 570 2, 470, 525 Mexico Dec 19, 2019 7, 252, 312 16, 402, 249 Paraguay Dec 19, 2019 157, 711 Peru Dec 18, 2019 Uruguay Dec 19, 2019 219, 317 Asia Pacific Area Release Date Opening Gross Australia Dec 19, 2019 12, 319, 318 31, 420, 385 Hong Kong Dec 19, 2019 1, 904, 190 4, 447, 831 India Dec 20, 2019 670, 258 1, 257, 972 Indonesia Dec 18, 2019 2, 907, 186 5, 969, 857 Japan Dec 20, 2019 14, 342, 261 64, 324, 409 Malaysia Dec 19, 2019 1, 361, 430 2, 993, 761 New Zealand Dec 19, 2019 1, 897, 526 4, 666, 812 Philippines Jan 8, 2020 976, 114 3, 623, 582 Russia/CIS Dec 19, 2019 5, 788, 242 11, 504, 214 Singapore Dec 19, 2019 1, 479, 646 3, 590, 590 South Korea Jan 8, 2020 2, 503, 880 3, 969, 577 Taiwan Dec 19, 2019 1, 339, 897 2, 732, 830 Thailand Dec 19, 2019 2, 402, 996 4, 280, 696 Vietnam Jan 1, 2020 201, 569 551, 485 China Area Release Date Opening Gross China Dec 20, 2019 12, 211, 838 20, 549, 419.


We think this movie stands out for: A lot or a little? The parents' guide to what's in this movie. As with whole  Star Wars  franchise, main tension here is between good and evil, light and dark. Characters discover nuances of humanity and how people aren't generally all one thing or the other. Story underlines idea that everyone has a choice about which moral code to believe in, which mission to accept. Your family/background doesn't determine your destiny. Promotes transformative power of hope, and importance of friendship, courage, teamwork, loyalty, trust, listening to others, faith. Positive Role Models & Representations Rey continues to be strong, capable, courageous, but this time also deals with inner conflict. She must decide whether to follow the path of the Jedi or indulge in her newfound sense of anger and frustration. Other female characters. including General Leia, Rose, and some new faces. are well represented making tough decisions, leading bravely, and more. Finn and Poe learn to lead together and to put mission above personal conflicts. Their friendship and teamwork fittingly rallies the Republic around helping Rey. First Order is depicted as mostly male and largely white, while Resistance is notably diverse both in skin color and in various species, with women in leadership positions. Tons of sci-fi action violence, both large-scale space battles/explosions and one-on-one duels, shoot-outs, tense chases/crashes. A few explicit but not bloody deaths: A non-human severed head is unceremoniously presented to the First Order (some greenish goop, but no red blood) a traitor is summarily executed, an entire field of Resistance forces is shown dead, a character's skin and face crumble/melt away, Kylo Ren kills and maims many enemies with his lightsaber. One character's wound is shown close-up; a skeleton is seen. Both sides sustain lots of casualties.  Spoiler alert:  Several primary and supporting characters are killed, and nearly everyone is injured at one point. A couple of key characters are presumed captured or killed. A few deaths will be extra emotional for audiences. Many weapons are used in addition to lightsabers: blaster guns, planet-killer weapons, bombs, grenades, daggers, arrows, fighter planes. An officer orders an entire fleet destroyed. A leader orders an entire planet destroyed. Creepy villain, dark/scary locations, and a couple of large, scary worm-like monsters. Frequent peril and danger. Arguments. Two characters continue to have an intense, supernatural bond that sometimes feels romantic. Poe comedically asks another character for a kiss two times. Several charged/longing looks. Embraces/brief kisses (both opposite-sex and, extremely briefly, same-sex. Infrequent use of insults and words of exasperation including "ass. damn it. hell. stupid, "shut up. etc. Nothing in the movie, but off camera there's an entire universe of merchandise available, from branded/themed apparel, board games, video games, accessories, housewares, action figures, Lego sets, food, toys, and just about anything else you can consume that can be a tie-in. Drinking, Drugs & Smoking What parents need to know Parents need to know that Star Wars: Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker is the ninth and final film in the four-decade-long Skywalker saga (and the third installment in the current trilogy.  Following the events of  Episode VIII: The Last Jedi,   the film focuses on the battle between the villainous First Order, led by Supreme Leader Kylo Ren ( Adam Driver) and the virtuous Resistance fighters, embodied by the last Jedi, Rey ( Daisy Ridley. Everything is on the line in this installment, which means the sci-fi action violence is ratcheted up a notch: You can expect even more major space battles, high-stakes destruction, tense chases/crashes, peril, injury, and fierce lightsaber duels (plus blasters, arrows, cannons, and other weapons. This movie feels a little more intense and darker than the previous two in this trilogy, with creepy villains and locations and a few explicit (but not bloody) deaths, including a beheading, a point-blank execution, and a body crumbling to bits.  Spoiler alert:  Several primary and supporting characters are killed, and a few of those deaths will be extra emotional for audiences. There are also some scenes with lots of flashing lights, which could be difficult for those with photosensitivity. While there's not a lot of romance, the film does include some longing looks, embraces, and a couple of kisses. Language isn't frequent, but you will hear "ass. hell. and "damn. Women continue to hold strong positions in the Resistance, and there are strong messages of courage, teamwork, hope, and loyalty. Stay up to date on new reviews. Get full reviews, ratings, and advice delivered weekly to your inbox. Subscribe User Reviews Parent of a 7, 11, 13, and 13-year-old Written by FowlerFan December 20, 2019 Adult Written by ibsuzy December 22, 2019 Amazing - Emotional This movie is open-ended which left me with a few questions. Overall, the movie was way better than I could imagine. Its one of my favorite Star Wars movies. Teen, 17 years old Written by Kwin123 December 19, 2019 What's the story? STAR WARS: EPISODE IX: THE RISE OF SKYWALKER starts off with the usual scrolling exposition: In a galaxy far, far away, what remains of the Resistance regroups after the devastating losses of  The Last Jedi, while Rey ( Daisy Ridley) trains with the Force and new Supreme Leader Kylo Ren ( Adam Driver) and the First Order look for a secret Sith lair that's broadcasting pro-Emperor Palpatine propaganda. Poe ( Oscar Isaac) Finn ( John Boyega) and Chewbacca continue on their mission to subvert the First Order and help Rey save the day. Kylo Ren attempts to lure Rey to the Dark Side, believing that their special supernatural Force connection means they're destined to share a throne and rule together. In battle after battle, the two forces fight for the future of the galaxy. Is it any good? Technically slick and impressively performed, this final installment is definitely entertaining, but the considerable fan service and nostalgic callbacks make it less epic than we might have hoped. Audiences will marvel at the elaborate set pieces, the plentiful Easter eggs, and the intricately choreographed battle sequences (the storyboarding must have been amazing. The talented stars are all back. even the late Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa. Hopefully they were so bountifully compensated that they can now go on to long careers doing whatever film they want. It's telling, though, that of Driver's three big roles in 2019 (alongside Marriage Story and The Report) this is his least extraordinary. That's because, despite the buddy-adventure humor of the Poe-and-Finn storyline, the fascinating plot revelations (no spoilers here. and the Game of Thrones -style intrigue, the story and writing can occasionally become unwieldy as director J. J Abrams overstuffs the movie that signals the end of an era. Speaking for those who don't possess encyclopedic knowledge of every character name and subplot of the three Skywalker trilogies, it's possible to enjoy this film without total recall of the earlier movies. but those who do remember the meaning of particular characters, species, locations, and vehicles will feel extra rewarded. To spell those particulars out would be to spoil several applause-worthy moments, but if moviegoers have the time, they might re-watch The Empire Strikes Back, Revenge of the Sith, and The Last Jedi to maximize their understanding of the story in Episode IX. The best part of Rise of Skywalker might be the satisfying nostalgia, but it's ultimately about another central trio of friends with sketchy backgrounds (a former scavenger, a Stormtrooper, and a spice runner) who answered a higher calling for themselves, the Force, and the galaxy. Talk to your kids about... Families can talk about the violence in Star Wars: Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker. Do scenes of explosions and space battles affect you differently than those of close-up, one-on-one lightsaber duels and killings? Why do you think that is? What makes more of an impact: violence or loss? Why? How does this movie handle both topics? Who are the movie's heroes? How are they role models? Do they demonstrate character strengths such as  courage and teamwork? How is diversity. and a lack thereof. used to indicate the values of the opposing sides of the conflict in the Star Wars series? Why is it notable that the First Order has very little diversity, while the Republic has a lot of it? Talk about the themes from the previous movies that repeat themselves here. Why are issues of good vs. evil, mentorship, and so on so important to this series? How do they play out on-screen? What are your thoughts on the way the Skywalker Saga ended? What do you think happens in the future for the characters, the Force, and the galaxy.
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Ratovi zvijezda uspon skywalkera. Ratovi zvijezda uspon skywalkera online. J. Abrams is bringing the biggest, baddest villain of the “ Star Wars ” galaxy back. The Emperor Palpatine will appear in “Episode IX, ” which we learned is officially called “The Rise of Skywalker. ” The return of the “greatest evil” is just one of several reveals made during the “The Rise of Skywalker” panel at the Star Wars Celebration in Chicago. Surprise host Stephen Colbert welcomed “Episode IX” director Abrams, president of Lucasfilm Kathleen Kennedy and a large returning cast including Anthony Daniels (C-3PO) Billy Dee Williams (Lando Calrissian) Daisy Ridley (Rey) Kelly Marie Tran (Rose Tico) John Boyega (Finn) Oscar Isaac (Poe Dameron) and Joonas Suotamo (Chewbacca) to the main stage. Missing from the presentation was Adam Driver (Kylo Ren) and new cast member Keri Russell, who are currently co-starring in a Broadway play together. Heres everything we learned about the end of the Skywalker story…. When Does “Episode IX” Start in the Galaxy Far, Far Away? The first bits of plot details to come from the event were about timing, a simple fact that was particularly difficult for Colbert to get out. “Oh, I see, you asked me to come to Chicago to ask questions, not get answers, ” the host joked. Abrams explained that the next film will start many months after Rian Johnsons “The Last Jedi. ” “The movie doesnt pick up immediately after the last film; some time has gone by, ” Abrams explained. He then showed the crowd a piece of concept art reuniting Chewbacca, Poe, Finn, Rey, BB-8 and C-3PO under the Millennium Falcon. “This an adventure that the group goes on together, ” the director said. The gang might appear together in the rendering, but theres still someone missing: longtime castmate R2-D2. How Will Carrie Fisher Return? Another legacy cast member who wasnt a part of the “Episode IX” shoot: Carrie Fisher, aka General Leia Organa. Lucasfilm had previously stated that Fishers death in 2016 wouldnt deter them from using her character in the closing chapter of the Skywalker saga. Thankfully, Leia wont be returning in a computer-generated form. “The idea of having a CG character was off the table, ” Abrams said. Despite “Rogue Ones” decision to recreate the late Peter Cushings Grand Moff Tarkin and a younger Fisher as Princess Leia, there will be no computer-generated Leia in this film. “You dont recast that part and you dont suddenly have [Fisher] disappear, ” Abrams said. The director explained that he pieced together new Leia moments with unused scenes from “The Force Awakens. ” “There was actually a way to use those scenes to continue her story, ” he added. Who is Jannah? New to the Celebration stage was Naomi Ackie. After giving fans a first look at her character, Jannah ( above) the actress dodged questions like a “ Star Wars ” pro. When asked to comment on the fan theory that Jannah is actually Lando Calrissians daughter, Ackie joked, “He could have children all over the universe! ” However, Ackie did reveal that her character will cross paths with the Millennium Falcon crew at some point, which seems fairly obvious, as theyre all in the same movie. But hey, its something. Billy Dee Is Back Speaking of Lando, legacy star Billy Dee Williams held court on the Celebration stage, causing the crowd to cheer at the first image of the actor back in his iconic cape. When asked how he returned to the character, Williams simply replied, “How did I find Lando again? Lando never left me! ” Williams did use the mic to clear up an age-old “Star Wars” spat. “ I get sick and tired of being accused of betraying Han Solo, ” Williams said. “A ll of a sudden Im talking about me, not Lando Calrissian. He was up against Darth Vader… By the way, did anybody die? ” Not in that movie, Lando! Lukes Lightsaber: Not Dead Yet! Meanwhile, original “Force Awakens” newbies kept a tight lip on “Star Wars” secrets, despite a few interesting details. For one, Luke Skywalkers lightsaber — presumably lost — is in fact still around. “T he lightsaber that Rey inherited from Luke lives! ” Ridley exclaimed. It seemingly pops up in some of the first frames of the new trailer, wielded by Rey. On a down note, she also confirmed that there would be no more shirtless scenes from Drivers Kylo Ren, as seen in “The Last Jedi. ” You win some, you lose some. Whats Next for Finn? As for Finn, Boyega explained that while his character may have seemed a bit lost in the last two films, “this movie hes a full-fledged Resistance sexy young man. ” The character also has a whole new look, which includes new pants, something Boyega went wild over. “I saw the blue pants coming out of the cupboard and was like, ‘Im in “Star Wars” now! ” And that was the big reveal about Finn: blue pants. Meet D-O If you thought there was going to be another “Star Wars” movie without a new toy that your kids will demand, think again. The panel also brought out a whole new adorable rolling droid, D-O, which is totally different from the latest rolling droid BB-8. BB-8 is propelled by a large ball and makes adorable chirping sounds, whereas D-O is propelled by a wheel, makes adorable chirping sounds and is green. Its different! TeamTico The undisputed biggest cheer of the presentation went to Kelly Marie Tran. Rose received a standing ovation from the crowd, an act that forced Tran to wipe her eyes and cheer. The audience was then presented with the first still of Rose from “The Rise of Skywalker, ” proving that Rose has healed from her injuries in “The Last Jedi. ” Abrams told the crowd that his favorite thing to come from Johnsons movie was the casting of Tran. Same. The Emperor Returns After fans were treated to the premiere of the teaser trailer for “ The Rise of Skywalker, ” there was yet another twist. The stage glowed red as actor Ian McDiarmid appeared, smiled and, in his best Emperor Palpatine voice, commanded the Celebration crew to “roll it again. ” It confirmed the return of the galaxys great big bad. How McDiarmid will be used in the film is not certain, but his cackling laughs at the end of the first teaser have already sent the internet ablaze. “ Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker ” will hit theaters on Dec. 20, 2019. Adam Sandler may have been snubbed by the Academy, but just like when he lost his high school yearbook superlative for “best looking” to some “feather-headed douchebag, ” hes taking it all in stride. “Tonight as I look around this room, I realize the Independent Spirit Awards are the best personality awards of Hollywood, ” he said. The 35th Film Independent Spirit Awards took place on the Santa Monica beach this Saturday, and the spirit of the shows independence from the Academy Awards — and the Hollywood studio system at large — was on ready and, at times, anxious display in the press room backstage. “The Farewell” — totally shut out at. An intimate group of executives, talent and journalists gathered in Hollywood on Friday evening to celebrate the life of Joyce Sevilla, a veteran publicist and brand marketing whiz who died unexpectedly last week. Held only blocks away from the bustle of the Academy Awards setup at Hollywood and Highland, restauranteur Salvatore Aurora closed his Sunset. Actor Robert Conrad, the star of television series including “Hawaiian Eye, ” “The Wild Wild West” and “Baa Baa Black Sheep” during an almost five-decade career that also included the occasional feature film, has died in Malibu, Calif. He was 84. Conrad toplined at least one series in the 1950s, 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s, a. On Saturday, Jennifer Lopez defended her recent Super Bowl halftime with Shakira, which was criticized by some as being “too sexy. ” “I think thats honestly silliness, ” she told Variety‘s Marc Malkin at the Independent Spirit Awards. Lopez and Shakiras halftime performance on Sunday, which scored rave reviews otherwise, featured pole-dancing, a childrens choir and both. If you watch “Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words” looking for a clue as to Thomas inner workings, a key to who Clarence Thomas really is, then youll have to wait a while before it arrives. But it does. The reason it takes so long is that Thomas, dressed in a red tie. As if to apologetically clear the cinematic air for Miami, “cigarette” power boats, and art in general after the atrocity of 2018s John Travolta vehicle “Speed Kills, ” “Omniboat” applies a brisk scrub of cleansing absurdism to the same locational and vehicular themes. This de facto compilation feature by a dozen-plus writer-directors, commissioned by that citys.

FANDOM " The saga will end. The story lives forever. " ―Final trailer [src] Star Wars: Episode IX The Rise of Skywalker, marketed as Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, is a 2019 film directed by J. J. Abrams from a script by Abrams and Chris Terrio. It is the third and final film in the Star Wars sequel trilogy. The film, produced by Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy, is a continuation of 2015 's The Force Awakens, which Abrams also directed and co-wrote, and 2017 's The Last Jedi. Lucasfilm has referred to The Rise of Skywalker as the final installment of the Skywalker saga. The film stars Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tran, with Ian McDiarmid and Billy Dee Williams. Fisher, who passed away in 2016 prior to the film's production, appeared via unused footage from The Force Awakens. The film was first announced after The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm Ltd. in 2012. Colin Trevorrow was initially announced as the director and writer of the film, but he and Lucasfilm parted ways in September 2017, with Lucasfilm citing "creative differences" over the project. On September 12, 2017, Abrams and Terrio were announced as the new director and writers. Principal photography began in 2018, and filming wrapped in 2019. Footage from The Rise of Skywalker was first made public on April 12, 2019 at Celebration Chicago. The film was released on December 20, 2019. It received mixed reviews from critics. The Rise of Skywalker received three nominations at the 92nd Academy Awards: Best Original Score, Best Visual Effects, and Best Sound Editing. It has grossed over 1 billion worldwide, making it the forty-sixth highest-grossing film of all time. Opening crawl Edit Episode IX THE RISE OF SKYWALKER The dead speak! The galaxy has heard a mysterious broadcast, a threat of REVENGE in the sinister voice of the late EMPEROR PALPATINE. GENERAL LEIA ORGANA dispatches secret agents to gather intelligence, while REY, the last hope of the Jedi, trains for battle against the diabolical FIRST ORDER. Meanwhile, Supreme Leader KYLO REN rages in search of the phantom Emperor, determined to destroy any threat to his power. Synopsis Edit Darkness rises. Edit " At last. Snoke trained you well. " ―Palpatine, to Kylo Ren A year after the battle of Crait, Supreme Leader Kylo Ren leads a vicious assault against Alazmec colonists on Mustafar, seeking a wayfinder owned by Ren's grandfather, Darth Vader; he requires the device as a guide in his hunt for the returned Sith Emperor Palpatine, who he perceives as a threat to his power. The Leader slaughters many colonists alongside his stormtroopers before retrieving the device and slotting it into his ship, allowing its dark power to lead him through the crimson energy storms that surround the fabled Sith vastness of Exegol. Landing at the foot of an enormous citadel, Ren ignites his blade and enters, eventually reaching a vast chamber lined with worn statues of Sith legends. As he descends into its depths, he hears the Emperor mocking him; Ren's declaration that he had killed Snoke is dismissed: I made Snoke. " Lightning dances around the young dark side adept as he listens to the taunting words, spoken in a voice transitioning from that of the Emperor himself to that of Snoke and, finally, to that of Vader: I have been every have ever your head. " Ren, unshaken, proceeds further into the citadel, walking for some time among the towering effigies. His path lit by his blade, the young man eventually wanders into a maze of unfamiliar equipment tended by robed acolytes. Tall cylinders filled with a sickly golden liquid hold motionless, incomplete bodies with the mutilated visage of the dead Snoke; the Emperor's earlier words that he created the previous Supreme Leader are confirmed. Among these machines, bound by innumerable tubes and wires to machines of support and sustenance, is the emaciated figure of Palpatine himself. Ren raises his blade, but the Emperor speaks and stays his hand, explaining that the First Order was merely a harbinger of what he could bring about. A threat from the Supreme Leader seems to amuse Palpatine, who assures the Supreme Leader that he has died before, and issues a familiar promise: the dark side is a pathway to many abilities some consider to be unnatural. Ren asks what Palpatine would give him; the Dark Lord replies simply: Everything. " At the surface, the ice cracks and yields as innumerable Star Destroyers ascend from the frozen sea into the tempestuous sky. With this, an ominously smiling Palpatine orders Ren to kill Rey and so end the Jedi Order, in the act becoming what his legendary grandfather could not, and so that the younger man will take his place as Emperor when the Resistance ends. However, he also issues a warning: that Rey is not who he expects. A vital mission Edit " He's definitely cheating. " ―Finn, on Chewbacca's playing of dejarik Meanwhile, on the Millennium Falcon, ex-stormtrooper Finn and Resistance pilot Poe Dameron engage the Wookiee Chewbacca in an intense game of dejarik. The Wookiee takes some time considering his next move, and his human opponents jokingly suggest that he may be cheating. The implication infuriates Chewbacca, forcing Finn and Poe to calm him. Before their game can resume, an alarm sounds from the cockpit. Passing Klaud, a Resistance technician, in the corridor, the trio arrive in their seats just as the Falcon exits hyperspace. The Falcon arrives at the Sinta Glacier Colony to meet a Resistance informant, the Ovissian Boolio, who tells them about a spy and gives them a message in the form of a data encoder, ordering them to give it to Leia. Finn proceeds to insert the message into R2-D2. Before more can be said, several squadrons of TIE fighters scream into the system, prepared to take down the Falcon. As Finn prepares for the action and heads to the gunner cockpit, Boolio tells him to win the war before heading off. Forced to head into the depths of the colony by a wall of TIEs, the Falcon destroys a number of its pursuers before jumping to hyperspace through one of the colony's walls. The remaining fighters pursue them regardless, and Poe begins lightspeed skipping through a number of systems, whose dangers the First Order pilots are unable to evade. Poe is able to outmaneuver the enemy, though his reckless trick-flying heavily damages the Falcon. A Jedi rises Edit " Be with me. Be with me. They're not with me. " ―Rey, as she meditates On the jungle world of Ajan Kloss, which serves as the hidden base of the Resistance, Rey meditates solemnly, floating in the air alongside a number of rocks. She tries to maintain her composure and balance, but ultimately fails and, with a sigh, lowers herself to the ground. General Leia Organa, who had been watching nearby, comforts the discouraged acolyte, assuring her that nothing is impossible and that she will be able to commune with the Jedi who came before her, as she hopes to. Reinvigorated, Rey accepts Anakin Skywalker's lightsaber and takes off running on another bout with her training course. She expertly runs and leaps through the obstacles, imbuing her actions with the Force. She blocks every bolt from her hovering training droid, but pauses and stares as it is revealed that Kylo Ren, to whom she is bound through the Force, is communing with his grandfather's helmet and speaking to her from his chambers far across the galaxy. A vision, induced by Ren, terrifies the Jedi: the ascensions of the Sith Eternal fleet above Exegol; the face of her murdered mentor and Ren's father, Han Solo; the pained words of her master, Luke Skywalker, as she tapped into the dark side; her duel with and alongside Ren against the Praetorian Guard of Snoke; the departure of her parents from Jakku, leaving her behind in the grip of Unkar Plutt. In a rage, she ultimately batters the training remote with her staff, but damages BB-8 in the process. Rescuing the droid from beneath the tree that had collapsed on him, Rey returns to the base and concedes to Leia that she feels tired and unready to wield the saber of her master. BB-8 excitedly volunteers to take up the mantle, which Rey dismisses; smiling, Leia kindly reminds her never to underestimate a droid. Some time later, in the midst of Rey's studies of the ancient texts she retrieved from the First Jedi Temple, the Falcon returns. It has been, however, severely damaged in the course of its escape from the First Order squadrons; Rey berates a fatigued Dameron for this, but he rebuffs her by noting that BB-8 is in similarly poor condition due to her earlier training accident. Rey dismisses the pilot, quipping that he's a difficult man, before hugging Finn, who jokingly joins her in condemning his companion. Although Rey is further angered by the revelation that Poe lightspeed skipped with the Falcon, a maneuver that the aging freighter cannot support, but the pilot admits the true cause of his concern: Rey is "the best fighter [the Resistance] has. but she has spent her time since Crait training and furthering her knowledge of the Force rather than participating in the war against the First Order. "We need you out there, not here. Dameron says before stalking off to begin briefing the Resistance on the information his group had obtained. Poe cheerlessly informs those gathered that the message sent across the galaxy is confirmed: Palpatine has returned, heading an unprecedented fleet, with ambitions of vengeance and conquest. Rose Tico is dubious that the Emperor has truly risen again; Beaumont Kin raises the point of cloning and that the dark side held secrets only the Sith knew. Dameron further exposits that the designs of Palpatine have led to the creation of the Final Order, true successor to the Empire. In sixteen hours, the armada will embark from Exegol on a mission of galactic subjugation. C-3PO chimes in, noting that Exegol is not on any star maps, and is described in lore as the Hidden World of the Sith. With this dismal news, the Resistance quietly debates their options until Rey, holding up one of her tomes, informs Leia that she needs to speak with the general privately. Showing her pages in the book, Rey explains that Luke had been searching for a wayfinder much the same way his former apprentice Ren had been doing, with a similar goal of reaching Exegol. However, his hunt had been left incomplete at its final step; if the Resistance could complete it, they could locate the wayfinder and use it to reach Exegol. Leia refuses to support this new mission, claiming that it is too dangerous, but the scavenger admits that she will go with or without the general's blessing, knowing that her newest mentor would do the same. Accepting this, Leia dispatches her student to the desert of Pasaana, where a contact will be waiting. Though Rey plans to go alone, Poe, Chewie, and Finn tell her that they will accompany her. Though initially unwilling to accept the help and claiming she must accomplish the task alone, with a small speech from Finn, Rey accepts their aid. C-3PO also join the group aboard the Falcon as it undergoes repairs, stating to R2-D2 before departure that, should he not survive, the astromech was the "best friend he ever had. " Finn briefly says farewell to Tico, confident that he will return, and Rey speaks once more with Leia, wishing that she could tell the princess of Alderaan everything she wanted to. Reassuring her student once again, Leia simply says: tell me when you get back. The two hug, and Rey, emboldened, departs with her friends aboard the Falcon. Rise of a dark warrior Edit " We have a spy in our midst. Whoever that traitor is, it won't stop us. " ―Kylo Ren, to the Supreme Council A metalsmith, Symeong Sith alchemist Albrekh, stiches Ren's helmet back together as he looks on surrounded by his Knights of Ren. With that, the Supreme Leader convenes a meeting of the First Order Council aboard his Star Destroyer, including General Armitage Hux and Allegiant General Enric Pryde. Ren, who has found and killed Boolio, slams Boolio's bloody, decapitated head on the table and informs them that they have a spy in their midst, but that it is irrelevant. A moment of tense silence leads him to ask if Hux, his rival in the First Order power structure, is troubled by his appearance; the general quietly dismisses this concern, while another officer says that she likes Ren's reassembled helmet. Quinn speaks up, dismissing the Sith Eternal as "a cult, conjurers and soothsayers. Pryde refutes these concerns, stating that the resources of the First Order will be increased ten thousand fold by the incorporation of the Sith fleet into their own ranks. With a spiteful glance at a glowering Hux, Pryde notes that the influence of this ancient power will "correct the error of Starkiller Base. Unconvinced, Quinn wonders aloud if the ships are truly a gift, and what Palpatine might demand in return. In response, Ren brutally chokes the general through the Force and lifts his body to the ceiling without even looking at him. The fallen Jedi then commands his officers to prepare to crush any worlds that will defy the Order, and that he and his acolytes will be hunting the scavenger. Mission to Pasaana Edit " The Aki-Aki Festival of the Ancestors! This celebration occurs only once every forty-two years! ―C-3PO The Falcon comes out of hyperspace over the desert planet of Pasaana. They land at Luke's coordinates and arrive at the Aki-Aki Festival of the Ancestors. Wandering among the crowd for a while, the group tries to keep a low profile. As Rey gazes at some Aki Aki youngsters, a child approaches her. Translated by 3PO, the child says she is named Nambi Ghima and offers a necklace to Rey, who smiles and accepts the kind gesture. When Ghima inquires as to the Jedi acolyte's family name, she replies that she doesn't have one. At that moment, Kylo Ren establishes a connection with Rey through their bond. Speaking to her through this, Ren informs his quarry that Palpatine wants her dead. Rey comments that he is serving another master, but the fallen Jedi dismisses this, stating that he has plans of his own. After insisting that he will turn her to the dark side, Ren reaches out and grabs her necklace, pulling it through the Force into his own hands. Rey realizes the First Order will soon be coming and runs off to warn her friends. As they reconvene and prepare to escape, a stormtrooper finds them but is quickly shot by a mysterious figure. This masked savior asks Rey and her team to follow him. Once they enter a transport, he reveals himself to be Lando Calrissian, the man who destroyed the second Death Star at the Battle of Endor many years prior. He shows them a hologram of a Sith wayfinder and explains that only two were ever created. He further reveals that he once accompanied Luke on a mission to track a man named Ochi, whom they believed held information key to locating one of the devices, but when they arrived, they found his ship abandoned. Lando apparently remained behind on Pasaana. The old hero of the Rebellion offers them directions to Ochi's ship, which remains in the desert where he left it. Squadrons of TIEs and First Order dropships fly overhead as the crew hurries through the crowds to the fringes of the festival, eventually stealing a pair of skiff speeders. They are quickly spotted, however, and First Order treadspeeders begin a fierce pursuit, aided by jet troopers. They prove no match for the gang of heroes and are swiftly dispatched, though the chase drives the speeders into the Sinking Fields, where the damage done by the troopers fells them and sends the heroes into the quicksand. They fall through it into a web of caves below the surface, quickly joining up as they use the glow of the Skywalker blade and Poe's diminutive flashlight to guide themselves through the confusing network of tunnels. The group eventually locates Ochi's remains, revealing that the Jedi hunter was swallowed by the sands and never escaped. Alongside his bones is a dagger that Rey senses has a dark past, while 3PO recognizes that it is inscribed with the ancient language of the Sith and is unable to translate due to restrictions on his programming. Dameron laments to the droid that this is "the one time we need you to talk, and you can't. " As they are about to depart and look for a way out, the team is cornered by an aggressive vexis snake. They prepare to fight the beast, but Rey notices that the serpent is injured. Using Force healing, Rey manages to appease the creature, which tunnels through the rock to create an escape for the team. At the same time, it is revealed that the Knights of Ren have arrived on Pasaana, and are hunting them. The team hurries to Ochi's ship. As they near it, Rey pauses, the Force having informed her that Ren has arrived. She sends her friends ahead to the ship before running back into the desert to confront her nemesis. In the distance, Ren's new TIE fighter roars through the desert only meters above the sand. As it nears her, Rey runs into a leap and, as the ship flies beneath her, she severs a wing with her lightsaber and sends the ship into a tailspin. It crashes in a fireball some distance away. During this time, however, Chewbacca and the dagger have been captured by the Knights and stormtroopers while the Wookiee was leaving to retrieve Rey. Finn observes the latter forcing the Wookiee onto a transport, and runs to Rey to inform her of this. Kylo Ren, having emerged from the wreckage of his ship, advances across the desert and engages in a duel of the Force with Rey, each of them pulling the First Order transport to their side. In this struggle, Rey accidentally releases a burst of Force lightning, destroying the vessel and seemingly killing Chewbacca. Ren allows the Jedi and her allies to escape in Ochi's vessel, as his own troops have captured the Falcon. As the Jedi hunter's ship hurries away from Pasaana, Rey mourns that she has apparently killed Chewbacca. Finn attempts to reassure her, stating that he knows the good person he believes her to be, but she dismisses his words, claiming that no one knows the truth behind who she is. As the wookiee had the dagger, a further setback is revealed: they have no way to reach Exegol. C-3PO, however, reveals that he has retained the information from the dagger in his memory. A plan to hack the protocol droid's programming restrictions is formed, and following a tip from Poe, the heroes set course for Kijimi. During the trip, BB-8 finds and reactivates the droid D-O on Ochi's ship. A new mission Edit " Spice runner. ―Finn, after finding out Poe's former occupation The heroes of the Resistance make their way to the snow-dusted planet of Kijimi to execute their plan to discover what secrets the Dagger held. The Resistance team arrives on the planet and bump into Zorii Bliss and her crew. She reveals that Poe has a colorful past, once worked as a spice runner and still owes her money. A skirmish occurs before Rey gets the upper hand and Zorii agrees to bring them to Babu Frik to hack C-3PO's programming to read the Sith language on the Dagger. Unknown to them, the Knights of Ren have tracked them there. Zorii Bliss brings them through a back alley and into a little bar in order to get to the droid ship. Frik tells everyone that he can unlock the message to be read, but in doing so C-3PO's memory will be wiped. Still reeling from the loss of Chewbacca, the heroes argue about finding another way to get the job done, but in an act of self-sacrifice C-3PO voluntarily consent to the modifications, knowing that he will be lost in the act. Frik completes the hack and 3PO is now able to read the message inscribed on the Dagger. The translated text points them to the location of Emperor's wayfinder. Having served his purpose, 3PO's memory wipe begins and he shuts down. Once the memory wipe is complete, 3PO reboots with a completely empty memory. Outside the bar, Zorii and Poe reminisce about old times. There is some lingering connection there even though they had some sort of falling out in the past. Poe tries to convince Zorii to join them. She turns him down, but she understands the good in what Poe is trying to do and gives him a First Order Captain's Medallion as a gesture of goodwill to help them get through First Order security. She had been saving to buy this medallion on the black market as her ticket off Kijimi and away from her spice running days, but she gives it to Poe. As the First Order arrives, Rey senses that Chewie is alive. As the heroes escape on Ochi's ship, the group makes the decision to use the passage device to board the Star Destroyer and recapture the Falcon and save Chewie. The device works, and their ship lands without question. Rey uses a mind trick to confuse the stormtroopers, enabling them to find Chewie; though Rey splits off, feeling as if something is calling to her. Meanwhile, Poe and Finn find Chewie, but their rescue attempt fails and they are all taken captive. The calling Rey feels is caused by the dagger which draws her to it in Kylo's living quarters. Rey finds and grabs Ochi's blade, but when she does, it gives her visions of what happened to her par ents. Ochi found and killed them with that dagger and that her parents were trying to hide her from Ochi. When she breaks free of the vision a bond with Kylo begins. He discovers that she is on his Star Destroyer and a lightsaber duel breaks out between the two of them across two different locations, Kylo on the surface of Kijimi and Rey aboard the Star Destroyer. During this encounter, Kylo reveals that there is more to the story behind Rey and her parents. Ochi was sent to find and recover Rey, not kill her. Her parents just got in the way, so he killed them. She is still wanted for the darkness that resides within her. It's clear that by this point, Kylo is fully committed to the Sith Lord's mission for him. A new revelation Edit " You're a Palpatine. " ―Kylo Ren, to Rey When it appears that all is lost for Finn, Poe, and Chewie, who have been captured by the First Order, General Hux arrives and surprisingly not only allows them to escape but points them in the direction of the Falcon. Hux was the mole within the First Order that Finn and Poe had received information from. When asked, he tells them that he wasn't doing it to help the Resistance, but rather because he didn't want Kylo Ren to win. Ren arrives and faces off Rey, in which he reveals that she is Palpatine's granddaughter; her father was the son of the Emperor. Kylo once again offers for Rey to join him, but she refuses, escaping in the Falcon. After they leave, Pryde kills Hux for treason against the First Order and assumes control of the First Order military. Palpatine contacts Pryde and demands that he use one of the specially equipped Star Destroyers to destroy Kijimi as an act of loyalty and Pryde complies. Pryde tells Kylo that even though they don't have the dagger, they know where the Resistance is going because they scanned it while it was still in their possession. Mission to Kef Bir Edit " He said you'd come. He said you were the last hope. " ―Jannah, of Rey's team The information learned from C-3PO's translation of the dagger's writing leads to the location of a second wayfinder device which turns out to be aboard the wreckage of the second Death Star on the ocean moon of Kef Bir. The team eventually meets a woman named Jannah. She heard about them from Babu Frik and at their urging, offers to take them to the location of the wayfinder the next day. While fixing the Falcon with Finn, Jannah reveals she was once a stormtrooper known as TZ-1719 and that her whole tribe were former troopers. They mutinied at a battle in which they were told to fire on civilians. But soon, the group realizes they had not seen Rey. She had, in fact, taken a skimmer and was headed to get the wayfinder. Rey uses the dagger to locate the wayfinder by aligning a plate hidden in the hilt with a specific part of the Death Star's wreckage, and discovering the two shapes match perfectly. Upon contacting the wayfinder, she envisions herself as a Sith; a short duel between Rey and the Sith vision ensues. Shortly after, Kylo, having tracked the group to Kef Bir, finds and destroys the wayfinder in an attempt to channel her anger, thus dueling Rey. Ren, however, gets the upper hand, but as a dying Leia calls to Kylo by his name Ben through the Force, Rey impales him. Sensing Leia's death, Rey heals Kylo and takes his TIE whisper to exile herself to Ahch-To, shaken by her Sith lineage. As she prepares to throw the Skywalker lightsaber into the burning wreckage of Kylo's TIE whisper, Luke's Force spirit appears. He tells the story of Leia's Jedi training and encourages Rey to face Palpatine as he faced Darth Vader, giving Leia's lightsaber and his old X-wing. Rey leaves for Exegol, using the wayfinder on Kylo's ship. On Kef Bir, Kylo converses with a vision of Han Solo, his father, and throws his lightsaber into the water near the wreckage of the Death Star, reclaiming his identity as Ben Solo. Upon the Steadfast, Palpatine communes with Pryde over a hologram. The Sith Lord discusses the failure of the late Kylo Ren before Pryde, now de facto leader of the First Order. Pryde, a loyal Imperial during the time of the Empire prior to the Galactic Civil War, pledges the organization to the Final Order to the Emperor. Palpatine then commands Pryde to join him on Exegol, and informs the Allegiant General that a Xyston -class Star Destroyer from the Sith fleet is to be transferred to the First Order, intending to prove the General's loyalty by ordering him to send it to a planet with ties to the Resistance. Subsequently, Pryde has the Star Destroyer sent to destroy Kijimi with its axial superlaser at the Palpatine's behest. With the deed done, the Sith fleet on Exegol sees itself headed by Pryde aboard the Steadfast. Confrontation on Exegol Edit " She will take her revenge, and with a stroke of her saber, the Sith will be reborn! The Jedi are dead! ―Darth Sidious, to Rey and the Sith Eternal Rey arrives on Exegol and transmits her location to the Resistance. She confronts Palpatine and the Sith Eternal, who demands that she kill him to transfer his spirit into Rey. The Resistance engages in battle with the Sith Lord's fleet, though they are overpowered, suffering losses like Temmin Wexley. Ben overpowers the Knights of Ren and arrives to help Rey, but Palpatine rejuvenates himself by absorbing the life essences of Rey and Ben and then disables the Resistance fleet above with Force lightning. Palpatine tells Ben that he will be the last Skywalker and uses the Force to throw him into a nearby chasm, seemingly killing him. A weakened Rey hears the voices of past Jedi ( Obi-Wan Kenobi, Qui-Gon Jinn, Ahsoka Tano, Yoda, Mace Windu, Kanan Jarrus, Aayla Secura, Luminara Unduli, Adi Gallia, Luke Skywalker and Anakin Skywalker) who lend their strength and encourage her to continue on. Palpatine furiously attempts to destroy Rey with lightning, but she deflects it back towards him using the two lightsabers, disintegrating his body and killing him once and for all. However, Rey dies from the effort of the powerful attack. A hand appears at the edge of the chasm and an injured Ben pulls himself up, falling to his knees beside Rey and pulling her dead body into his lap. He embraces Rey's body. Pulling away, Ben puts his hand on her stomach and uses the Force to resurrect her. Rey awakens, smiling at Ben and touching his cheek gently. The two embrace before Rey kisses him. Moments later, Ben falls backward and dies, having given his remaining life essence to her. His body fades away as he becomes one with the Force; At that moment, Leia's body does the same. After returning for Finn and Jannah, Lando leads the Resistance, now backed by reinforcements, including Zorii Bliss; who were able to destroy the remainder of the Sith Lord's armada, ending the First Order-Resistance war and beginning a new age of peace across the galaxy. A war ends Edit " People are rising up all over the galaxy. Poe, we did it. We did it. " ―Finn and Poe Dameron The Resistance and the galaxy at large celebrate their victory. Maz Kanata bestows Chewbacca with a Medal of Bravery, which Han was rewarded with following the Battle of Yavin. Poe and Zorii exchange a look and it seems like Poe is trying to ask Zorii if she would like to celebrate with him privately, to which she shakes her head. Rey then returns and shares a hug with Finn and Poe. Rey visits the Lars homestead on Tatooine, where she buries Anakin and Leia's lightsabers in the sand, having now built her own — a black-handled lightsaber with a golden blade. A local asks her name and, seeing spirits of Luke and Leia look on, Rey gives her name as "Rey Skywalker. Rey and BB-8 then watch the twin suns of Tatooine rise. Development Edit " To have no script and to have a release date and have it be essentially a two-year window when you're saying (to yourself) you've got two years from the decision to do it to release, and you have literally nothing. You don't have the story, you don't have the cast, you don't have the designers, the sets. There was a crew, and there were things that will be worked on for the version that preceded ours, but this was starting over. " ―J. Abrams, on taking over from Colin Trevorrow [src] Long before Lucasfilm's acquisition by Disney in 2012, Star Wars creator George Lucas mentioned that he had plans to make nine films. [12] In 1976, Lucas asked Mark Hamill to make a cameo in the film ( like Obi-Wan handing the lightsaber down to the next new hope. which he estimated at the time would be filmed "around 2011. 13] According to Hamill, Lucas's outline for the sequel trilogy had Luke Skywalker surviving until Episode IX and training Leia Organa in the Force; 14] Hamill was an advocate for this version of the story. [15] Producer Gary Kurtz mentioned in a 1999 interview that Lucas's plans for Episode IX included the first appearance of the Emperor, a plot point ultimately used in the original trilogy 's conclusion. [16] Both JJ Abrams and Rian Johnson were rumored to be involved with early development for Episode IX, 17] 18] though they each denied this, 19] 20] with Abrams saying on his part "We don't write a treatment but there are countless times we came up with something and said 'oh, this would be so great for Episode VIII. or 'Thats what we could get to in IX. 19] According to The Force Awakens co-writer Lawrence Kasdan, the Lucasfilm creative team developed a general idea early on as to how they wanted the film to end. [21] This was echoed by Kylo Ren actor Adam Driver: With Star Wars, I had one piece of information of where it was all going, and that's where it has been in my head for a long time, and things were building towards that. 22] In August 2015, Colin Trevorrow was announced as director for Episode IX. [23] As Abrams and Johnson had to ensure a smooth transition between Episodes VII and VIII, Johnson and Trevorrow worked closely to ensure continuity between their respective films. [24] With cinematographer John Schwartzman, Trevorrow planned to shoot on 65 mm film, and wanted to capture some footage in actual outer space. [25] 26] By 2016, Lucasfilm had developed a full outline, which Trevorrow then turned into a screenplay. [27] He presented the completed script to Lucasfilm (as well as Lucas and Hamill) 28] in early December of that year. [29] —entitled Duel of the Fates. [30] 31] Death of Carrie Fisher Edit " The minute she finished, she grabbed me and said, I'd better be at the forefront of IX. Because Harrison was front and center on VII, and Mark is front and center on VIII. She thought IX would be her movie. And it would have been. " ―Kathleen Kennedy, on Carrie Fisher's death [src] Carrie Fisher died on December 27, 2016. Given that her character had featured prominently in Trevorrow's script, 32] 33] the filmmaker met with Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy in January 2017 to discuss possible story solutions. [34] Kennedy said that the team had "pretty much started over. 35] and it was reported that Jack Thorne was hired to rewrite the initial script. [36] However, in September 2017, it was announced that Trevorrow had left the project due to creative differences, 37] and that he would be replaced by Abrams. [1] According to Kennedy, it was during the initial scripting phase that she realized Trevorrow wasn't the right person for the job; 38] She attributed this to Trevorrow having not been present at the story conferences for The Force Awakens, during which a basic plan for the trilogy had been laid out. [39] Disney reportedly agreed to pay a fee to Paramount Pictures so that Abrams could make the film, as he had been in breach of contract with the latter by his involvement in The Force Awakens. 40] Abrams pitched his story to Disney head Bob Iger in December 2017 [41] and had a script ready by February 2018. [42] As he told Rolling Stone, I had no intention to return. But when the opportunity presented itself to finish a story that we had begun with these new characters, to tell the last chapter of their story, it felt like there was a chance to do it in a way where we could go beyond, and do better than we did in Seven. 43] Due to the time constraints and pressure of returning to the series, Abrams asked Chris Terrio to co-write the film. [44] In May 2018, he told The Wall Street Journal: I had a bunch of ideas from the beginning, back on VII, of where the story would go. I just never in my wildest dreams thought I would have a chance to execute them. 45] The creative team met with Lucas, 46] Johnson and Kasdan before writing the script; 47] According to Abrams, Lucas explained many of his own ideas about the Force and the midi-chlorians. [48] Terrio also spent some time doing extensive research into the Expanded Universe and recent Star Wars animation; 49] He was influenced by many of those stories in writing the film, comparing the process to writing non-fiction: When we would make a story decision, we were fully aware that this now will become canon, and so are we sure that this is the right story decision? Are we sure about it character-wise? Are we sure about it thematically? Does it seem like it gels with George's original intentions from Episode IV? Does it gel with what we learned in the prequels and what we learned in the sequel trilogy. 50] He thought of the core characters as analogous to children of revolutionaries who fought in the War of 1812. [51] Abrams and Terrio were determined to make a film that would conclude the Skywalker saga and tie together the previous eight chapters. [46] 52] The pair began the process by writing ideas on a series of dry erase boards at Bad Robot, and then transferring them to a Microsoft Word document. [53] They would also meet in coffee shops to discuss the script, at which they would use code names to refer to the characters. [54] During the process, they collaborated on ideas with Kennedy, Michelle Rejwan, Rick Carter, Roger Guyett, Kevin Jenkins, Michael Kaplan and Neal Scanlan. [50] Kennedy and Rejwan gave them certain narrative beats that had to be hit. [55] Kennedy described the process to Gizmodo: Nobody was being overly polite. If you didn't think something made sense. If you couldn't follow it, if you thought, from a fan's point of view, that you're stepping outside the lines and it was a bogus kind of thinking, no one was afraid to say that because we knew how important this was to get right. And we didn't let things go. 39] Abrams also described it as “this crazy challenge that could have been a wildly uncomfortable contortion of ideas and shoving in of answers and Band-Aids and bridges. I feel like we've gotten to a place–without jinxing anything–where we might have something incredibly special. ” [44] The writers revisited some of the ideas Abrams and Kasdan had had for The Force Awakens, 56] and also used some ideas that were present in Trevorrow's script. [28] Certain aspects of the story changed significantly during pre-production, 57] and the film had frequent dialogue changes from day to day. [58] 38] Producer Kathleen Kennedy claimed that Palpatine's return was planned from the beginning, 59] although Trevorrow believed it was a new idea by Abrams. [28] According to Terrio, he and Abrams didn't use anything from Trevorrow's script, although "There may have been certain elements that we used that had been in the original script and we weren't aware of it. The Guild makes the determination about those things. 60] Regardless, Trevorrow and his frequent writing partner Derek Connolly received story credits in the final film. [4] In regards to The Last Jedi ' s influence on the film, Abrams told Esquire: As a filmmaker, working on episode IX, amazingly, nothing that he [Rian Johnson] did in Last Jedi got in the way of things that we had talked about wanting to do down the line, ideas that I had about where things might go, so. it wasn't like his story somehow derailed the things I wanted to pursue. In fact, strangely, they might have even helped strengthen them because we got to make some choices that sort of take advantage of the fact that Rian hadn't done the things that we were thinking about doing. 61] Lucasfilm dispelled rumors that it would digitally recreate Fisher in future films. [62] Fisher's brother Todd said that he and Billie Lourd had granted Lucasfilm rights to use footage of her. [63] Kennedy initially claimed that Ms. Fisher would not appear in the film, 64] though Abrams later confirmed that Ms. Fisher will appear in the film via unused footage from The Force Awakens. [5] Mr. Fisher credited this decision to Abrams, 65] who said "It was like finding this impossible answer to this impossible question. 66] According to Mr. Fisher: There's a lot of minutes of footage. I don't mean just outtakes. This is unused, new content that could be woven into the storyline. That's what's going to give everybody such a great kick. It's going to look like it was meant to be. Like it was shot yesterday. ” [67] He also claimed that unused footage from The Last Jedi would also be used; 68] Abrams later clarified that no footage from that film was used due to nothing substantial being available. [69] Ultimately, ILM placed Fisher's facial performance onto a digital body, with an on-set stand-in serving as a visual reference for the actors. This allowed the character to be placed in new locations, and for the effects artists to give her different clothes and a new hairstyle that would be unique to The Rise of Skywalker. [70] Production Edit " We went into this movie very much in the mindset that this has to be conclusive. It has to. You have to get some answers. You have to learn some things. Abrams [src] Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, and Oscar Isaac on the set of the film, having completed filming Principal photography began at Pinewood Studios on August 1, 2018, 5] 71] under the working title of "trlXie" originally "Black Diamond. 72] 73] Production also took place in Wadi Rum, Jordan (the same filming location for Jedha in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story) for three weeks. [74] Some sequences were filmed with 65mm film and IMAX cameras. [75] 76] Because the film was under a shortened production timeline, the crew had to shoot everything they needed during principal photography, 77] and Maryann Brandon began editing on set. [78] Abrams felt less creatively constrained in making The Rise of Skywalker than he did with The Force Awakens, 79] citing Rian Johnson's work on The Last Jedi as the inspiration: 80] Rian helped remind me that that's why we're on these movies–not to just do something that you've seen before. 81] According to Poe Dameron actor Oscar Isaac, the shooting of The Rise of Skywalker allowed for more improvisation than The Force Awakens or The Last Jedi; It's a testament to J. coming back and feeling confident. There's less pressure for it to be right. We just want to make a good movie and have a really good time while doing it. 82] Abrams shot many of the character interactions in long takes, with actors sometimes coming up with their own lines. [83] Daisy Ridley also commented: There was this thing: JJ would ask us to do the scene without speaking, just to feel the emotional. whatever. He was like, You never know what could come up. We did that a couple of times. Then it became a joke, because we would just wet ourselves laughing. 84] Prior to shooting, members of the cast were trained in various specialties to prepare for the shoot, such as kickboxing, 85] horseback riding, using a bow-and-arrow and holding a gun. [86] 87] Ridley performed the majority of her character's stunts herself. [88] Filmmaker Kevin Smith visited the set (just as he did for The Force Awakens) and described what he saw: Biggest set I've ever seen in my life. The dude's not directing a movie, it's like he's directing a small country. 89] The script was under even greater security than those of previous films, with actors not allowed to take copies home; 90] 91] 92] Despite this, a copy was put up for sale on eBay, after Finn actor John Boyega accidentally left it under his bed and it was found by a cleaning person. However, Lucasfilm was warned about it and recovered the script before someone could buy it. [93] 94] By December 11, 2018, Hamill had worked for "about a week" on the film, but had yet to shoot most of his scenes, which he expected to do alongside his work on the TV series Knightfall. [91] Filming wrapped on February 15, 2019. [95] Reshoots reportedly took place between late September and mid- October at Bad Robot Productions. [96] Post-production Edit John Williams had begun work on the musical score by May 2019, 97] and was scheduled to begin recording in June. [98] Recording took a total of 11 days from July through November of 2019. [99] Williams said that it will most likely be his final Star Wars project. [7] The film was the first project for a new ILM division in Sydney, Australia. [100] Abrams told Entertainment Weekly that the film had significantly less post-production time than normal, and that it was "literally a practical race to get it finished. ” However, he felt more confident about The Rise of Skywalker than he had The Force Awakens. [85] The editing of The Rise of Skywalker was finished on November 24, 2019. [101] Taken as a whole, Abrams described the film as "the most challenging" project he'd ever been involved with. [102] 103] Release Edit " The beauty of working with Chris Terrio and producing with Kathleen Kennedy is that I think we have found a way — I hope, it's up for you to decide — to bring this story to a conclusion in a way that feels satisfying, surprising, amusing, shocking, all the ways that a story should make you feel. " The film was originally scheduled for release on May 24, 2019, 104] but was later pushed back to December 20, 8] giving the May 24 date to the live-action remake of Aladdin. [105] Footage was first publicly screened at Disney's March 8 investor's conference, 106] and briefly at CinemaCon 2019 as part of a montage of upcoming Disney films. [107] The film was featured in a panel at Celebration Chicago, featuring director/co-writer J. Abrams and producer Kathleen Kennedy. [108] The teaser trailer debuted at this event, 109] which also revealed the film's title and teaser poster. [110] During the convention, Abrams, Kennedy, and members of the cast were interviewed for Good Morning America. [47] 111] The film was featured in the May issue of Vanity Fair, 79] the November issues of Empire, 112] Entertainment Weekly and Rolling Stone, 85] 113] 103] the December issue of People, 114] and the January 2020 issue of Empire. [115] A panel was held at the 2019 D23 Expo, featuring cast and crew, with the reveal of a new teaser poster and two show casings of footage; 116] 117] The latter of the two was later released online and aired on television. [118] The cast and crew made a number of television appearances to promote the film, including Good Morning America, 93] 119] 120] 121] 122] The Late Show With Stephen Colbert, 123] The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, 124] 125] Live with Kelly and Ryan, 126] 127] Late Night with Seth Meyers, 128] and Jimmy Kimmel Live. 129] The cast and crew participated in a livestream Q&A on December 2, 130] a press conference on December 4. [131] 132] Brazil's Comic Con Experience on December 7, 133] and the film's Japan premiere on December 11. [134] On December 12, released an exclusive behind-the-scenes video. [135] Tickets went on sale October 21, 136] followed by the release of the final trailer on Monday Night Football and the theatrical poster. [137] 138] Lucasfilm collaborated with Porsche on a new Star Wars spaceship design that was built for the film's premiere, 139] named the Tri-Wing S-91x Pegasus Starfighter. [140] Beginning on December 18, AMC Theaters held a 27+ hour marathon of Episodes I through VIII, leading up to Episode IX. [141] Adam Driver, Greg Grunberg and Mark Hamill each held Omaze fundraisers for which winners could attend the film's U. S. premier, 142] 143] 144] which was held on December 16. [145] As happened with The Force Awakens, 146] a dying fan was given a screening of the film, with Bob Iger himself confirming it on Twitter. [147] Merchandising Edit In November 2018, Lucasfilm debuted the animated shorts Star Wars Galaxy of Adventures as an introduction to the saga for children, beginning a year-long lead-up to the film. [148] In December 2018, Topps began a year-long campaign, dubbed "Star Wars Galactic Moments: Countdown to Episode IX. in which three cards are released each week leading up to the release of the film. [149] Sith trooper merchandise debuted in stores on September 1, 2019, 150] while the film's main merchandise push began on October 4, 2019, known as Triple Force Friday. Aside from The Rise of Skywalker, the event debuted merchandise for the TV series The Mandalorian and the video game Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order. [151] Lucasfilm partnered with eight product brands to promote the film: Bose, Dannon, General Electric, General Mills, Porsche, Samsung, McDonald's and United Airlines [152] —with each ad campaign beginning on November 1. [153] Like with The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi, the months leading up to the debut of The Rise of Skywalker saw the release of tie-in novels, short stories, comics, reference books, and activity books known collectively as Journey to Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker. [154] Star Tours: The Adventures Continue introduced The Rise of Skywalker -themed content. [155] Funko released an animated short inspired by the film. [156] 157] Lucasfilm hosted Star Wars Nights at NBA games in December 2019 and January 2020. [158] Several Disney-owned video games were updated with content from the film: Disney Emoji Blitz, Disney Magic Kingdoms, Star Wars: Commander, Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, 159] and Star Wars Battlefront II. [160] Beginning on December 12, Fortnite rolled out a series of The Rise of Skywalker skins and emotes, 161] and on December 14 previewed a scene from the film in an in-game event. [162] 163] The event concluded with exclusive Palpatine dialogue that has been interpreted as the transmission mentioned in the film's opening crawl. [164] Roblox also featured tie-in elements with the film. [165] The 2020 video game LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga will include levels from the film. Home video Edit As with the whole Star Wars saga, The Rise of Skywalker will be released on Disney+ in 2020 to follow up the late 2019 release of The Mandalorian. [166] Reception Edit Box office Edit A Fandango poll ranked the film as the third most anticipated movie of 2019, behind the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Avengers: Endgame and Captain Marvel. [167] In November 2019, the film was tracking for an opening box office of between 175 and 205 million. [168] 169] 170] It opened to 234 million domestic and 376 worldwide box office. [171] Notably, it performed poorly in China, continuing a downward trend from The Force Awakens. [9] To date, the film has made 1, 048 million worldwide. [172] Critical response Edit The film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the acting, but criticized the story and pacing. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, The Rise of Skywalker currently holds an approval rating of 52% based on 472 critics, with an average rating of 6. 17/10. The critics consensus reads. Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker suffers from a frustrating lack of imagination, but concludes this beloved saga with fan-focused devotion. 173] At Metacritic, the film has a weighted average of 53 out of 100 based on sixty critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews. 174] Audiences polled at random by CinemaScore gave the film an "B+ grade on average, on an "A+ to "F" scale. By comparison, The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi were both given an "A. and each of the prequel trilogy films were given an "A. 175] Verified audience reviews on Rotten Tomatoes currently have an average rating of 4. 31 out of 5, with an approval rating of 86. 173] Conversely, user-generated reviews at Metacritic hold an average score of 4. 9 out of 10. [174] The Rise of Skywalker received three nominations at the 92nd Academy Awards: Best Original Score, Best Sound Editing, and Best Visual Effects. [176] Continuity Edit In the LEGO Star Wars: Droid Tales episode " Exit from Endor. R2-D2 has a backup of C-3PO 's memories, which causes his eyes to glow when installed. [177] Media Edit Poster gallery Edit Credits Edit Appearances Edit This list is incomplete. You can help Wookieepedia by expanding it. Bibliography Edit Notes and references Edit External links Edit Star Wars: Episode IX The Rise of Skywalker Books Novel Junior novel Graphic novel Behind the scenes The Art of Guide and reference books Official Movie Special The Official Collector's Edition The Galactic Guide The Visual Dictionary Activity books Amazing Sticker Adventures The Galaxy Needs You Other material and merchandise Journey to Triple Force Friday Toyline Soundtrack [edit] Star Wars saga I: The Phantom Menace II: Attack of the Clones III: Revenge of the Sith IV: A New Hope V: The Empire Strikes Back VI: Return of the Jedi VII: The Force Awakens VIII: The Last Jedi IX: The Rise of Skywalker Anthology Series Rogue One Solo Untitled film series Untitled film (2022) Spin-off films Canon: The Clone Wars Untitled trilogy Untitled film (2024) Untitled film (2026) Untitled film Legends: Holiday Special Caravan of Courage The Battle for Endor Television series Canon: The Clone Wars Rebels Forces of Destiny Resistance Galaxy of Adventures The Mandalorian Cassian Andor series Obi-Wan Kenobi series Legends: Droids Ewoks Clone Wars Other media Audio dramas Books Comics Multimedia projects Parodies Roleplaying games Theme park attractions Video games Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. 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#WatchStreamOnline(Star Wars: Episode IX - The Rise of. h5>. Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera mla. Ratovi zvijezda 3a uspon skywalkera live. I was hoping for the best, while also expecting the worst. Now that I have seen it, I hope that others will come back from the cinema with a more positive experience than I had, because to me, this movie was disappointing.
I don't want to be too negative, because I love Star Wars, and many other may actually enjoy this movie. I don't want to be a hater, but I can't say I loved it because of a number of (big) problems.
To me this movie showed poor pacing (a ludicrous amount of scenes follow one another) often connected weakly by National Treasure or Jumanji-style clues (the book led to a ship which led to a dagger which led to a digital map which led to the Sith homeworld. New characters are introduced (Zorri Bliss) older ones are revisited (Hux, Rose, Maz, Lando, multiple force ghosts) but the movie could have done very well without many of them. The protagonist's challenges don't feel dangerous here all: the bad guys miss no matter the odds, and no matter the new color on their armor. When a sacrifice is made, that sacrifice is undone later (e.g., C3po.
The movie suffers from hyperbole, there is more of everything, everything is bigger, everybody can do new force things - even the ghosts. Not only do we have moooore Star Destroyers than ever, they also have big planet killing cannons under their belly! I actually was reminded of Dr. Evil's Sharks-with-Giant-lasers-attached-to-their-heads here. This problem of scale makes Star Wars feel like a lemon squeezed too often.
Most problematic is however what they did to Ian McDermid's Palpatine. Star Wars movies work among others because of their great villains. We have had Darth Maul, Darth Vader, Tarkin and the old-school Emperor. That overarching menace from the prequels, that evil emperor we knew from RoTJ... Well he's now a Cyborg-zombie with the powers of a Harry-Potteresque dementor, with limited screen time and weak dialogue. I found Snoke to be more imposing in TLJ than Palpatine in TROS. Palpatine - and Anakin's sacrifice - have been severely diminished.
I go to the cinema twice a week. The most recent movies I saw were Jumanji 2 and Midway - movies that provide an enjoyable passage of time without much impact otherwise because of their focus on amusement instead of impactful storytelling or hurting old lore. Elevator music so-to-speak. If this movie would have had the John Carter label instead of the Star Wars label it would fit right in that category. But it is Star Wars and has diminished things that were great about it. I feel that is this trilogy's legacy.

 

Nominated for 3 Oscars. Another 2 wins & 33 nominations. See more awards  » Learn more More Like This Action, Adventure Drama 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8. 5 / 10 X After the devastating events of Avengers: Infinity War (2018) the universe is in ruins. With the help of remaining allies, the Avengers assemble once more in order to reverse Thanos' actions and restore balance to the universe. Directors: Anthony Russo, Joe Russo Stars: Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo Fantasy 7 / 10 Rey develops her newly discovered abilities with the guidance of Luke Skywalker, who is unsettled by the strength of her powers. Meanwhile, the Resistance prepares for battle with the First Order. Director: Rian Johnson Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Mark Hamill Crime Thriller 8. 6 / 10 In Gotham City, mentally troubled comedian Arthur Fleck is disregarded and mistreated by society. He then embarks on a downward spiral of revolution and bloody crime. This path brings him face-to-face with his alter-ego: the Joker. Todd Phillips Joaquin Phoenix, Robert De Niro, Zazie Beetz Comedy 7. 7 / 10 A faded television actor and his stunt double strive to achieve fame and success in the film industry during the final years of Hollywood's Golden Age in 1969 Los Angeles. Quentin Tarantino Leonardo DiCaprio, Brad Pitt, Margot Robbie In Jumanji: The Next Level, the gang is back but the game has changed. As they return to rescue one of their own, the players will have to brave parts unknown from arid deserts to snowy mountains, to escape the world's most dangerous game. Jake Kasdan Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black, Kevin Hart Sci-Fi 7. 9 / 10 Three decades after the Empire's defeat, a new threat arises in the militant First Order. Defected stormtrooper Finn and the scavenger Rey are caught up in the Resistance's search for the missing Luke Skywalker. J. J. Abrams Oscar Isaac 8 / 10 A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Daniel Craig, Ana de Armas Biography Martin Scorsese Al Pacino, Joe Pesci 6. 9 / 10 Two hip detectives protect a witness to a murder while investigating a case of stolen heroin from the evidence storage room from their police precinct. Michael Bay Will Smith, Martin Lawrence, Lisa Boyle 7. 8 / 10 The daughter of an Imperial scientist joins the Rebel Alliance in a risky move to steal the Death Star plans. Gareth Edwards Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Alan Tudyk Luke Skywalker joins forces with a Jedi Knight, a cocky pilot, a Wookiee and two droids to save the galaxy from the Empire's world-destroying battle station, while also attempting to rescue Princess Leia from the mysterious Darth Vader. George Lucas Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher 7. 5 / 10 Three years into the Clone Wars, the Jedi rescue Palpatine from Count Dooku. As Obi-Wan pursues a new threat, Anakin acts as a double agent between the Jedi Council and Palpatine and is lured into a sinister plan to rule the galaxy. Hayden Christensen, Natalie Portman, Ewan McGregor Edit Storyline While the First Order continues to ravage the galaxy, Rey finalizes her training as a Jedi. But danger suddenly rises from the ashes as the evil Emperor Palpatine mysteriously returns from the dead. While working with Finn and Poe Dameron to fulfill a new mission, Rey will not only face Kylo Ren once more, but she will also finally discover the truth about her parents as well as a deadly secret that could determine her future and the fate of the ultimate final showdown that is to come. Written by Blazer346 Plot Summary Add Synopsis Taglines: Every Generation Has A Legend. See more  » Details Release Date: 20 December 2019 (USA) Also Known As: Star Wars: Episode IX Box Office Budget: 200, 000, 000 (estimated) Opening Weekend USA: 177, 383, 864, 22 December 2019 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: 1, 058, 056, 021 See more on IMDbPro  » Company Credits Technical Specs See full technical specs  » Did You Know? Trivia When the trailer and title were first revealed in April of 2019, as well as the revelation that Ian McDiarmid would return as Emperor Palpatine, McDiarmid made a surprise appearance after the trailer was first shown at the Star Wars Celebration in Chicago. McDiarmid merely said three words, amongst loud cheers from the crowd: Roll it again. Followed by a mic drop. Abrams was apparently thrilled that the news of Palpatine hadn't leaked online beforehand. See more » Goofs In the final sequence after the battle, when everyone returns to the rebel base to celebrate, Poe and Finn come together and celebrate. After celebrating, Rey appears and the three do a group hug. In this group hug, the order is wrong. Poe should have his head on one shoulder of Rey and Finn on another shoulder instead of Finn being the central figure in the hug. See more » Quotes [ first lines] Emperor Palpatine: At last. Snoke trained you well. Kylo Ren: I killed Snoke. I'll kill you. My boy, I made Snoke. I have been every voice... Snoke. have ever heard... Darth Vader. your head. See more » Soundtracks Oma's Place Written, Produced, and Performed by Ricky Tinez and J. Abrams See more » Frequently Asked Questions See more ».

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